Future prospects of the renewable energy sector in libya

This study investigates the options available to the energy sector in Libyan, particularly in relation to the potential of using renewable energy as one of the main sources for the country. Libyan government has set a target for renewable energy resources sharing with current energy sources to reach 30% by the year 2030 which mainly includes wind energy, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Water Heating (SWH). The argument here is not whether this can be completed or not within the stipulated time. But the main objective is achieving a sustainable economic growth through a clean energy system and for the energy supply to maintain meeting the growing energy demand. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the current energy supply and future demands in Libya. This paper integrates data from literature review, field visits and interviews with Libyan energy experts to paint a comprehensive picture in relation to energy demand and consumption. The findings which have emerged from the analysis of this data reflect energy challenges and opportunities in Libya. Furthermore, securing alternative resources of energy and income are becoming critically important for Libya and other countries within the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) if they wish to maintain the same standard of living for future generations and reduce pollution, fossil fuel local consumption and carbon emission

Proximate analysis of snakehead fish, Parachanna obscura (Gunther 1861) of the Cross River, Nigeria

African snakehead, Parachanna obscura is being considered as an emerging aquaculture candidate in Nigeria. The species is very palatable and has a good fillet quality. Study was conducted on the proximate composition of the species from Cross River, Nigeria. Samples of snakehead were analyzed for protein, fat, moisture, crude fibre and ash contents. The protein content of the species ranged from 21.03-22.03 with mean value of 21.5%. The fat content ranged from 17.1-17.4% with a mean value of 17.2 %. Moisture content ranged from 51.1-52.0 % with a mean value of 51.7%. Ash and crude fibre contents were very low. The protein content of Parachanna obscura compares favourably with that of other members of the family Channidae. The fat content is exceptionally high, making the species a good healing and recuperating agent for post-natal and post-operation patients. We strongly recommend the culture of Parachanna obscura in Nigeria and its meal for growing children

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rantai Pasok (Supply Chain Management) Untuk Distribusi Pangan Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

Rendahnya penyediaan informasi yang mendukung pengelolaan hasil pertanian di daerah Minahasa Tenggara akan berpengaruh pada distribusi hasil produksi. Distribusi yang tidak merata dapat menyebabkan stok produk di suatu daerah akan sangat berlebih, dan di daerah lain menjadi sangat kurang, hal ini akan memicu kurangnya keseimbangan harga produk yang beredar dipasaran. Melihat permasalahan yang ada maka perlu dirancang dan diterapkan sistem informasi yang akan memberikan solusi untuk mengumpulkan berbagai informasi hasil pangan daerah-daerah dan dikelola untuk mengetahui seberapa banyak hasil produksi yang harus dikonsumsi, dijual dan bisa didistribusikan ke daerah lain dari petani atau kelompok tani maupun Perusahaan pertanian berbadan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Rancangan sistem dibuat dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek kebutuhan fungsional dan non-fungsional. Pengujian rancangan menggunakan loop testing untuk menggambarkan pembentukan struktur program secara keseluruhan

Expression optimisation of recombinant α-Larabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 120120 in Pichia pastoris and its biochemical characterisation

A gene encoding α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AnabfA) from Aspergillus niger ATCC 120120 was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter. The effect of cultural conditions on recombinant AnabfA production was studied and the enzyme was expressed as a soluble protein. Recombinant AnabfA was expressed as an active enzyme at 28°C when cultured in BMMY medium (pH 6.0) and induced with 2% methanol every 24 h. Maximum activity was observed 5 days after induction. The purified recombinant AnabfA before and after treatment with PNGase F migrated by SDS-PAGE had relative molecular masses of about 83 and 66 kDa, respectively, suggesting that the AnabfA contains N-linked oligosaccharides. Characterisation of the purified recombinant AnabfA showed an optimum temperature and pH of 50°C and 4, respectively. The enzyme was stable at a pH of 3 to 6 and retained more than 80% of its activity after pre-incubation at 40°C for 30 min. The recombinant AnabfA activity was stimulated by K+, Mn2+, Na2+ and triton X-100 and was strongly inhibited by Cu2+ and Fe2+ and the enzyme activity was relatively unaffected by Ca2+, CO2+, Mg2+ and EDTA. The Km and Vmax of the purified recombinant AnabfA activity towards ρNPA were 0.93 mM and 17.86 μmol/ml/min, respectively.Key words: Aspergillus niger, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, expression, Pichia pastoris, characterisation

Enumeration and identification of lactic microflora in Algerian goats’ milk

A total of 153 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Algerian goats’ milk. The strains were identified according to morphological, biochemical and physiological criteria, as well as the use of theAPI system and SDS-PAGE technique. Identification of the isolates revealed the presence of six genera: Enterococcus (41.82%), Lactobacillus (29.40), Lactococcus (19.60%), Leuconostoc (4.57%),Streptococcus thermophilus (3.26%) and Pediococcus (1.30%). The predominant strains belong to Enterococcus faecium (24 isolates), Enterococcus durans (22 isolates), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis(25 isolates), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (9 isolates) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (7 isolates)

Blood Pressure Home Monitoring in Hypertensive Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Amman, Jordan: Effect on Disease Control and Adherence Rate

Purpose: To investigate the effect of home monitoring of blood pressure (HMBP) on adherence to antihypertensive medications and control of the disease among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Amman, Jordan.Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study was conducted in 2012 at the cardiovascular clinics of Jordan University Hospital. A questionnaire investigating participants' disease level of control, disease duration, frequency of HMBP use, type of measuring devices used, and effect of HMBP on adherence to antihypertensive medications and life style changes was used for the study. To minimize any bias that may have resulted from the involvement of pharmacists in data collection, we designed a clear stringent protocol that was strictly followed by the researcher with all patients. In addition to that, the researcher clearly introduced herself as an independent figure that cannot make any decisions or changes.Results: Two hundred and five hypertensive patients who practice HMBP were recruited into this study. Sixty percent of the patients were aged 50 - 69 years. About 45 % of the patients were diagnosed with hypertension for > 10 years. Almost half of the patients have been using digital devices for blood pressure monitoring. The mean rate of HMBP was 15 times per month but almost 80 % of the patients did not document their blood pressure readings. Around 55 % of the patients referred high readings to a healthcare professional. Patients with higher levels of education as well as patients with lower BP readings showed significantly higher rates of adherence to their antihypertensive medications. Patients with high BP readings reported that they exercise more and reduced their daily salt intake.Conclusion: Overall, the patients showed high adherence rates to antihypertensive medications and adoption of better life style. However, increasing patient’s awareness in respect to documenting and communicating BP readings to their physicians is needed.Keywords: Adherence, Hypertension, Compliance, Blood pressure monitoring, Salt intake,Antihypertensive, Jorda