35 research outputs found
Design of a Multisensing Control System
The goal of this paper is to design a reconfigurable
multisensing control system. The implemented design tools are
based on static random access memory field programmable grid
array (SRAM FPGA) circuit board and a very high speed
integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). The
design steps start with software development which consists of
HDL processes where V HDL program that describes the
architectural behavior of the multisensing control system. An
HDL synthesis is the second step, which converts the design in
behavioral description file into gates. These steps are followed by
implementation techniques and downloading the design from PC
onto FPGA via a joint test action group (J TAG) cable. Different
type of sensors; namely two ultrasonic, smoke detector, water
level switch, thermostat, and light detector are connected to the
inputs of the programmed FPGA and activated to test the design.
The results show that the overall average delay timing between
inputs to outputs is equal to 6.437 ns which is relatively small as
compared with delay time at sensors and 1/0 modules. Therefore,
it can be clearly stated that the speed of control is limited by
sensors and 1/0 modules rather than the processing performance
of the proposed design. This is a stark contrast to traditional
control system where the processing performance is typically the
limiting factor. Thus the use of FPGA and V HDL to deploy multi
sensing control system efficiently improves its reliability,
flexibility, and real time data processing. Finally, it can be
concluded that the proposed multisensing control system can be
effectively implemented in so many application areas including
building security, home automation, robot activities, airports and
industry control systems
Thermocouples Technology and Applications A review
This paper gives an intensive survey of thermocouples. In particular, it describes the principles of operation and compares between different types of junctions. It provides the major advances in thermocouples in conjunction with hardware and software for PC interfacing. Also it summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of thermocouples. Finally the paper highlights the important areas of industrial applications.
 
Characteristics of post hoc subgroup analyses of oncology clinical trials: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Subgroup analyses in clinical trials assess intervention effects on specific patient subgroups, ensuring generalizability. However, they are usually only able to generate hypotheses rather than definitive conclusions. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of post hoc subgroup analysis in oncology.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed published subgroup analyses from 2000 to 2022. We included articles presenting secondary, post hoc, or subgroup analyses of interventional clinical trials in oncology, cancer survivorship, or cancer screening, published separately from the original clinical trial publication. We collected cancer type, year of publication, where and how subgroup analyses were reported, and funding.
RESULTS: Out of 16â487 screened publications, 1612 studies were included, primarily subgroup analyses of treatment trials for solid tumors (82%). Medical writers contributed to 31% of articles, and 58% of articles reported conflicts of interest. Subgroup analyses increased significantly over time, with 695 published between 2019 and 2022, compared to 384 from 2000 to 2014. Gastrointestinal tumors (25%) and lymphoid lineage tumors (39%) were the most frequently studied solid and hematological malignancies, respectively. Industry funding and reporting of conflicts of interest increased over time. Subgroup analyses often neglected to indicate their secondary nature in the title. Most authors were from high-income countries, most commonly North America (45%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the rapidly growing use of post hoc subgroup analysis of oncology clinical trials, revealing that the majority are supported by pharmaceutical companies, and they frequently fail to indicate their secondary nature in the title. Given the known methodological limitations of subgroup analyses, caution is recommended among authors, readers, and reviewers when conducting and interpreting these studies
The conserved C-terminus of the PcrA/UvrD helicase interacts directly with RNA polymerase
Copyright: © 2013 Gwynn et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust project grant to MD (Reference: 077368), an ERC starting grant to MD (Acronym: SM-DNA-REPAIR) and a BBSRC project grant to PM, NS and MD (Reference: BB/I003142/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
DHX9 Helicase promotes R-loop formation in cells with impaired RNA splicing
Unresolved R-loops can represent a threat to genome stability. Here the authors reveal that DHX9 helicase can promote R-loop formation in the absence of splicing factors SFPQ and SF3B3
Transcription-replication conflicts: How they occur and how they are resolved
The frequent occurrence of transcription and DNA replication in cells results in many encounters, and thus conflicts, between the transcription and replication machineries. These conflicts constitute a major intrinsic source of genome instability, which is a hallmark of cancer cells. How the replication machinery progresses along a DNA molecule occupied by an RNA polymerase is an old question. Here we review recent data on the biological relevance of transcription-replication conflicts, and the factors and mechanisms that are involved in either preventing or resolving them, mainly in eukaryotes. On the basis of these data, we provide our current view of how transcription can generate obstacles to replication, including torsional stress and non-B DNA structures, and of the different cellular processes that have evolved to solve them