The Association between Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS): A nationwide study from 25 medical schools

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological condition that is characterized by obsessive thinking about a perceived flaw in one's appearance that may eventually cause significant distress and impairment in life.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and August 2021 using a previously validated and published questionnaires — The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS).  Distributed to all medical students from 25 universities across all regions of Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 1,776 respondents completed the questionnaire. Females represented 57.1% of the study population.More than half of the respondents were concerned and preoccupied with their body appearance (59.4% and 52.8%, respectively). The average of the BIDQ and ACSS scores was significantly higher in females compared to males, while higher socioeconomic status and higher educational level were also significantly related with higher BIDQ and ACSS scores. Furthermore, a higher BIDQ score was associated with higher scores on the ACSS

Consanguinity and reproductive health among Arabs

Consanguineous marriages have been practiced since the early existence of modern humans. Until now consanguinity is widely practiced in several global communities with variable rates depending on religion, culture, and geography. Arab populations have a long tradition of consanguinity due to socio-cultural factors. Many Arab countries display some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in the world, and specifically first cousin marriages which may reach 25-30% of all marriages. In some countries like Qatar, Yemen, and UAE, consanguinity rates are increasing in the current generation. Research among Arabs and worldwide has indicated that consanguinity could have an effect on some reproductive health parameters such as postnatal mortality and rates of congenital malformations. The association of consanguinity with other reproductive health parameters, such as fertility and fetal wastage, is controversial. The main impact of consanguinity, however, is an increase in the rate of homozygotes for autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Worldwide, known dominant disorders are more numerous than known recessive disorders. However, data on genetic disorders in Arab populations as extracted from the Catalogue of Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database indicate a relative abundance of recessive disorders in the region that is clearly associated with the practice of consanguinity

Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Introduction: The evidence about the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and impaired renal function is limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the outcomes of LMCA disease revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] vs. coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) in patients with and without impaired renal function. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2,138 patients recruited from 14 centers between 2015 and 2,019. We compared patients with impaired renal function who had PCI (n= 316) to those who had CABG (n = 121) and compared patients with normal renal function who had PCI (n = 906) to those who had CABG (n = 795). The study outcomes were in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital MACCE was significantly higher in CABG compared to PCI in patients with impaired renal function (odds ratio [OR]: 8.13 [95% CI: 4.19–15.76], p < 0.001) and normal renal function (OR: 2.59 [95% CI: 1.79–3.73]; p < 0.001). There were no differences in follow-up MACCE between CABG and PCI in patients with impaired renal function (HR: 1.14 [95% CI: 0.71–1.81], p = 0.585) and normal renal function (HR: 1.12 [0.90–1.39], p = 0.312). Conclusions: PCI could have an advantage over CABG in revascularization of LMCA disease in patients with impaired renal function regarding in-hospital MACCE. The follow-up MACCE was comparable between PCI and CABG in patients with impaired and normal renal function

Periodontal status and serum creatine kinase levels among young soccer players: A preliminary report

Objectives: It is hypothesized that soccer players with periodontal disease exhibit raised serum creatine kinase (CK) levels as compared to those without periodontal disease. We assessed the clinical gingival status and serum CK levels among young soccer players.Materials and Methods: Demographic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Full mouth bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were assessed. Blood samples (4 mL) were collected for measurement of serum CK levels. All blood samples were collected from a vein in the antecubital region. Total CK activities in serum were determined with an optimized spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way analysis of variance, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Twenty‑seven male soccer players volunteered to participate in the present study. The mean age of the participants in Groups 1 (n = 14) and 2 (n = 13) were 18.2 ± 2.3 years and 19.1 ± 0.6 years, respectively. Mean scores of BOP were significantly higher among individuals in Group 2 (56.8%) compared with individuals in Group 1 (19.4%) (P < 0.001). Mean scores of PPD ≥4 mm were significantly higher among subjects in Group 2 (12.1%) as compared to individuals in Group 1 (0.8%) (P < 0.001). Levels of CK were significantly higher among individuals in Group 2 (292.7 U/L) as compared to those in Group 1 (52.3 U/L) (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Increased BOP and PPD are associated with increased serum CK levels in young soccer players.Keywords: Periodontal disease, serum creatine kinase, soccer player

Psychiatric traits in patients with vasovagal and unexplained syncope

Abdullah Alhuzaimi,1 Alwaleed Aljohar,2 Ahmad N. Alhadi,3,4 Abdulqudous Aljenedil,2 Ahmad S Hersi1 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Purpose: Syncope is a common condition affecting almost one-third of the general population. The present study measures the prevalence of psychiatric traits in patients presenting with syncope (unexplained and vasovagal) and whether recurrent attacks have an impact on psychiatric profiles.Patients and methods: This is a case–control study in a tertiary hospital enrolling all patients aged ≥12 years with single or recurrent syncopal attacks. A self-reporting psychometric questionnaire (The Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised) was used to screen for depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and phobia. Crude comparisons of average scores were done. Further, multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to measure the impact of syncope on each psychiatric domain. The control group were matched for age, gender, and chronic illnesses with a ratio of 1:3.Results: There were 43 cases and 129 control subjects, with predominance of females (67.4%) and an average age of 33.8 years (standard deviation = 16). There were no significant differences in average scores of depression (13 vs 14.53, P = 0.31), anxiety (11.3 vs 10.4, P = 0.51), or phobia (5.4 vs 5.2, P = 0.88). However, the syncope group had a higher average score for somatization disorder (18.53 vs 13.66, P = 0.002). Binary logistic regression model showed that the association between syncope and somatization disorder was independent of competing confounders (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.72, 8.15, P = 0.001). A sub-analysis of the case group showed that patients with multiple syncopal attacks (six or more) had higher average scores of depression, anxiety, phobia, and somatization disorder compared to those who had less than six attacks.Conclusion: Syncope was independently associated with somatization disorder traits. Further, recurrent syncope resulted in greater deterioration of patients’ psychiatric profiles. Thus, taking into account the psychiatric status in the management of such patients is crucial. Keywords: syncope, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, somatization disorder, phobia, depressio

An Assessment of aluminum contamination in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions based on measured versus labeled content

Aluminum can potentially cause toxicity in pediatrics and neonates receiving parenteral nutrition. Some PN solutions and ingredients in Saudi Arabia do not comply with US FDA regulations regarding aluminum exposure. This study aims to determine the aluminum concentration in samples of PN solutions and ingredients used to feed infants in Saudi Arabia. The aluminum in the samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentration of metal contaminants in each sample was determined in triplicate. The aluminum content of 38 samples was investigated, 15 of which originated from components included in the prepared PN solutions. Among the 15 samples, the least measurable aluminum content was detected in potassium chloride solutions (0.81 mcg/L). In contrast, the greatest amount of aluminum was detected in potassium phosphate and calcium gluconate (141,64 mcg/L and 462.7 mcg/L), respectively. The results showed that the final PN solution (PNS) product contained more aluminum levels than the content ingredients; in addition, the study found a statistically significant relationship among 18 pediatric patients at KFMC who had intestinal failure and needed long-term parenteral nutrition. Specifically, their high aluminum levels, exceeding the normal range of 0.6 ng/ml, indicate that the current use of PN solutions will likely cause toxicity due to aluminum contamination in additives. Hence, reducing aluminum in PN solutions is imperative to ensure patient safety

Crystal structure of N′-[(1E)-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-methylidene]adamantane-1-carbohydrazide, C18H20Cl2N2O

C18H20Cl2N2O, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 8.1023(2) Å, b = 18.7063(4) Å, c = 22.5509(6) Å, V = 3417.91(14) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0496, wRref(F2) = 0.1535, T = 293(2).The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through the Research Group Project No. PRG-1436–23. We also acknowledge the financialsupport from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO-13-MAT2013–40950-R, FPI grant BES-2011–046948 to MSM-A).Peer Reviewe

Evaluation of Foveal Avascular Zone After Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia Therapy in Saudi Children Using Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Cohort Study

Gorka Sesma,1 Tasnim Al Mairi,2 Heba Fareed Khashoggi,1 Shorog Ibrahim AlDhahi,1 Fahad Aljohar,3 Rajiv Khandekar,4 Abdulaziz Awad1 1Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Emergency Department, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarraz, Saudi Arabia; 3Diagnostic and Imaging Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Vision Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaCorrespondence: Gorka Sesma, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Al Urubah Branche Road, West Building 2nd Floor, Riyadh, 11462, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 11 4849700, Fax +966 11 4821908, Email [email protected]: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) noninvasively images retinal microvasculature. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) biomarkers can act as indicators of various forms of amblyopia, making them valuable tools for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of amblyopia therapy on the FAZ using OCTA to determine FAZ size in children with untreated amblyopia.Patients and Methods: This two-arm cohort study enrolled 23 children with untreated strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who underwent OCTA between 2021– 2022. Each arm had 23 eyes, with one arm having amblyopic eyes and the other having normal eyes. FAZ area, perimeter, and circularity index were measured before and quarterly during 1 year of occlusion therapy. Differences in avascular zone biomarkers between amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared and linked to demographic and ocular factors.Results: Similar FAZ areas were found in the amblyopic (0.3 mm2) and nonamblyopic eyes (0.28 mm2) (P = 0.83), with no significant change in either group (P = 0.93). Amblyopic eyes showed a larger FAZ perimeter reduction (0.12 mm2) than fellow eyes (0.02 mm2), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). The circularity index in amblyopic eyes matched with fellow eyes (0.67 mm2), P = 0.38. Initial visual acuity and strabismus correlated with changes in the follow-up FAZ area.Conclusion: Amblyopia treatment did not significantly alter FAZ area in this cohort. Perimeter variations between amblyopic and fellow eyes require further study. The conclusions were limited by the sample size and lack of randomization.Plain Language Summary: Amblyopia is a common vision problem in children in which one eye does not see the fellow eye. This can occur if the eyes are not lined up right or if their prescriptions are different. Amblyopia is treated by placing a patch over the stronger eye to help the weaker eye better see.Researchers have used a technique called optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) before and after treatment in children with amblyopia. The FAZ is a spot on the back of the eye where there are no blood vessels or light-sensitive cells. Changes in the FAZ may indicate the severity of amblyopia.The study included 23 children with untreated amblyopia. Over the course of more than a year, measurements of FAZ area, perimeter, and roundness were taken before and during occlusion therapy. The size of the FAZ was also compared between the eyes with and without amblyopia.At the start of the study and after treatment, there were no significant differences between the FAZs of amblyopic eyes and other eyes. There were some differences in the size of the FAZ between eyes. Changes in the FAZ area were linked to the initial state of vision and misalignment.Overall, this study found that occlusion therapy did not change FAZ area in children with amblyopia. More research is needed to determine why the FAZ perimeter can differ between the eyes. Larger randomized studies would provide more information about how the FAZ changes when treating amblyopia.Keywords: amblyopia, optical coherence tomography angiography, foveal avascular zone, occlusion therapy, biomarker

Development and Validation of 96-Microwell-Based Spectrophotometric and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection Methods with High Throughput for Quantitation of Duvelisib and Seliciclib in Their Bulk Forms and Capsules

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved duvelisib (DUV) for managing follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seliciclib (SEL) is a candidate drug for these cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, renal diseases, several viral infections, and chronic inflammation disorders. This work describes the development and validation of a 96-microwell-based spectrophotometric method (MW-SPM) and a high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method (HPLC-FD) for the quantitation of DUV and SEL in their bulk forms and capsules. The MW-SPM is based on the formation of colored charge transfer complexes (CTCs) as products for the reactions of DUV and SEL, as n-electron donors, with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), as a π-electron acceptor. The absorption intensity of the CTCs was measured by using an absorbance plate reader at 450 nm. The stoichiometric ratios of DUV:DDQ and SEL:DDQ were 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, and accordingly the reaction mechanisms were postulated. The HPLC-FD involved the chromatographic separation of DUV and SEL on a Hypersil™ Phenyl HPLC column (250 mm length × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle diameter) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile:acetate buffer, pH 4.5 (35:65, v/v) at a flow rate of 2.2 mL/min. DUV and SEL were detected at 370 nm after excitation at 280 nm. SEL was used as an internal standard (IS) for quantitation of DUV, and DUV was used as an IS for quantitation of SEL. Both MW-SPM and HPLC-FD were validated according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) for validation of analytical procedures. The linear ranges for both DUV and SEL were 14.52–200 µg/well (100 µL) and 0.12–3.2 µg/mL for MW-SPM and HPLC-FD, respectively. LOD values in MW-SPM for DUV and SEL were 4.4 and 3.17 µg/well, respectively; however, those for HPLC-FD were 0.03 and 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision of both methods were confirmed as the recovery values were ≥98.5% and the values of relative standard deviations (RSD) were ≤2.41%. Both methods were satisfactorily applied to the quantitation of DUV and SEL in their capsules; the mean recovery values were ≥99.2%. Both methods have simple procedures and high analytical throughput. Moreover, they consume a small volume of organic solvent; thus, they are economic and eco-friendly. Accordingly, the methods are valuable for routine use in quality control (QC) laboratories for quantitation of DUV and SEL in their bulk forms and capsules