Manejo alimentario en las etapas de preceba y ceba en una unidad integral de producción porcina.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la factibilidad económica y biológica del uso de piensos por categorías en lugar del empleo de un pienso único en las etapas de preceba y ceba porcina, y de hacer una cuantificación global del aporte de los nutrientes, energía digestible y proteína bruta, a partir de materias primas convencionales (maíz y soya) y no convencionales (arroz partido, sebo, harina de girasol), se realizó un análisis de composición y se simularon raciones para cerdos en las etapas mencionadas. Se pudo apreciar que conforme a las normas de entrega de la unidad productora,los niveles de proteína que se encontraron en las raciones de pienso tipo único presentan por etapas déficits o excesos de nutrientes de acuerdo a las requerimientos de los animales; esto provoca encarecimiento de la actividad productiva y desbalances nutricionales y deja claro que estas raciones son más caras que las de piensos con la inclusión de materias primas no convencionales.Nutritional Management in the Prefattening and Fattening Stages on an Integrated Swine Far. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to assess economic and biologic feasibility of different feed categories in swine prefattening and fattening. Equally important is to quantify the contribution of nutrients, digestible energy, and raw proteins based on conventional raw materials (corn and soybean), as well as nonconventional ones (parted rice, fat and sun flower meal). A composition analysis was made, and rations for pigs were simulated in the abovementioned stages. According to the standard supplies, the protein levels found in the singletype feed were either excessive or deficient at times, in relation to the animal requirements. The costs of production were subsequently increased, and nutritional unbalances were observed, making feed rations costlier than the feeds made for the stages under the study, using nonconventional raw materials

Manejo alimentario durante la gestación y lactancia en una unidad integral de producción porcina. Estudio de caso.

En el centro porcino Rescate de Sanguily, de la Empresa Porcina Camagüey cuyo propósito es la producción de precebas para los convenios porcinos, se evaluó parcialmente la alimentación de las cerdas reproductoras en sus fases de gestación y lactancia, y la factibilidad del uso de raciones alternativas o productos no convencionales. Los valores de proteína y energía fueron superiores a los requerimientos establecidos para estas categorías. A partir de la inclusión de materias primas no convencionales se simuló la sustitución del pienso único por dos piensos para las fases de gestación y lactancia, con el objetivo de evaluar la posibilidad de abaratar los costos de alimentación, lograr mayor ajuste entre el reque-rimiento y el aporte de los nutrientes PB y ED y la conveniencia de esta inclusión en las dietas de las repro-ductoras de alimentos voluminosos. Al comparar los costos por tonelada de mezcla se pudo apreciar la diferencia a favor de los productos no convencionales, lo que puede dar un criterio de selección a los productores, siempre que estén dispuestos a enfrentar un proceso de diversificación en las unidades productivas o la contratación con unidades productoras dentro de márgenes de utilidadespara ambas entidades.Nutritional Management During Gestation and Lactation on an Integrated Swine Farm. Case study ABSTRACTOn the Rescate de Sanguily swine farm, of the Swine Company of Camagüey (Empresa Porcina), whose purpose is to prefatten pigs for pig fattening agreements with producers, the nutrition of breeding sows and the feasibility of using alternative rations or nonconventional products for nutrition, were partially assessed during gestation and lactation. The protein and energy values were higher than the requirements set up for these categories. Replacement of singletype feed for two types of feeds was simulated with the use on nonconventional raw materials during gestation and lactation. The goal was to assess the possibility to cut down on the costs of nutrition, close the gap between the requirements and nutrient contribution (PB and ED), and convenience of its inclusion of bulk feeds on the breeder´s diet. A comparison of the costs per ton of feedstuff showed a difference toward nonconventional products, which may offer some selection criteria to farmers, provided they are willing to implement diversifying strategies on their farms, or agreements with producing farms seeking profits for the two entities

Spanish radiographers’ concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The current outbreak of COVID-19 has caused worldwide healthcare and social emergency in which healthcare professionals were under extreme work conditions while being fearful of becoming infected or spreading the disease to their relatives. The perceived threat of COVID-19 has the potential to cause severe psychological maladjustment. The aim of the study is to explore Spanish radiographers' concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was quantitative, observational and cross-sectional. The sample was made up of 546 radiographers working in Spain during the outbreak. The instrument used for analysis was an ad hoc questionnaire with socio-demographic questions and the questionnaire on perception of threat from COVID-19 validate to spanish healthcare professionals. Results: The sample consisted of 70.1% of female, 29.7% of male and 0.2% undeclare sex participants. The results showed a high level of a perceived threat from COVID-19 (7.57 ± 0.088), furthermore we observed a high level of threat about the possibility of infecting family members (8.49 ± 0.25), patients (8.33 ± 0.086), and coworkers (8.35 ± 0.084). Furthermore, females have a higher level of a perception of threat to spread infection between patients (r = -0.136; p = 0.001) and coworkers (r = -0.118; p = 0.006), than males. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic is perceived as a serious threat, being especially concerned about the threat of spreading the infection to family, coworkers, and patients. The perception of risk depends partly on professionals' gender and family responsibilities. Implications for practice: Our findings suggest that it is recommended that healthcare professionals receive formation to reinforce and improve their emotional competencies for coping successfully with potentially stressful situations like COVI19 pandemic

Changes in the Papez Circuit in early stages of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of demenMa. Neuronal and synapMc losses occur iniMally and predominantly in the medial temporal lobe structures including hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus, structures that belong to the Papez circuit. The integrity of the connecMons amongst them is essenMal for episodic memory, which is specifically impaired in AD. For this reason we have invesMgated the degeneraMon paRern of subcorMcal structures and its relaMon to early stages of AD, i.e. Mild CogniMve Impairment (MCI), both in the amnesic and mulMdomain types using structural magneMc resonance imaging (using a 3T GE scanner) and VBM‐DARTEL

Impact of circulating bacterial DNA in long-term glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic patients with HIV infection: cohort study

In HIV-infected patients, the damage in the gut mucosal immune system is not completely restored after antiretroviral therapy (ART). It results in microbial translocation, which could influence the immune and inflammatory response. We aimed at investigating the long-term impact of bacterial-DNA translocation (bactDNA) on glucose homeostasis in an HIV population. This was a cohort study in HIV-infected patients whereby inclusion criteria were: patients with age >18 years, ART-naïve or on effective ART (<50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and without diabetes or chronic hepatitis C. Primary outcome was the change in HbA1c (%). Explanatory variables at baseline were: bactDNA (qualitatively detected in blood samples by PCR [broad-range PCR] and gene 16SrRNA - prokaryote), ART exposure, HOMA-R and a dynamic test HOMACIGMA [continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment], hepatic steatosis (hepatic triglyceride content - 1H-MRS), visceral fat / subcutaneous ratio and inflammatory markers. Fifty-four men (age 43.2 ± 8.3 years, BMI 24.9 ± 3 kg/m2, mean duration of HIV infection of 8.1 ± 5.3 years) were included. Baseline HbA1c was 4.4 ± 0.4% and baseline presence of BactDNA in six patients. After 8.5 ± 0.5 years of follow-up, change in HbA1c was 1.5 ± 0.47% in patients with BactDNA vs 0.87 ± 0.3% in the rest of the sample p < 0.001. The change in Hba1c was also influenced by protease inhibitors exposure, but not by baseline indices of insulin resistance, body composition, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory markers or anthropometric changes. In non-diabetic patients with HIV infection, baseline bacterial translocation and PI exposure time were the only factors associated with long-term impaired glucose homeostasis

Annual Behavior of Milk Production Bio economic Indicators in Dairies of Ruta InvasoraCattle Raising Enterprise, Ciego de Ávila. II. Case Study Dairy.

Previous research of ten dairies at Ruta Invasora Cattle Raising Enterprise, in Ciego de Ávila, about the annual behavior of bioeconomic indicators of milk production singled out Dairy No. 1 as the most outstanding. It was then used as a comparison model in a case study, with the remaining nine units, based on the average reproductive, productive and economic indicators for the five-year period studied. Decomposition of seasonal time series to determine birth behavior was performed, using a multiplication model, considering 10 % above or below 100 %. Dairy No. 1 had birth peaks in the April-July period, with the highest values in May, which seemed to have determined a better behavior, especially in its best year, in relation with reproductive efficiency (78 % birth rate); productive, (1 393 kg/ha); and economic (0.86 CUP/kg of milk), in comparison with the rest of the units and the means from the years studied. These results corroborate the feasibility of improving milk production efficiency when the birth peaks occur within the rainy season

Effect of Concentrated Calving on Commercial Dairies in Ciego de Ávila Province. II. Case Study

The bio-economic behavior of 10 commercial dairies was assessed as to forage production, and annual calving patterns. Dairy No. 3 was used as a comparison model in a case study, based on in previous studies results (2011) where it stood out from the rest, with 86 % calving pattern in the April-August period. To determine the influence of the calving pattern oriented to the rainy season, on the production and bio-economic efficiency indicators, the behavior of dairy no. 3 in 2011 was compared with its mean values for the previous years; the means of dairies grouped in pat-terns I and II, and the mean of dairies in pattern III, without the case study unit. The results indicated that dairy No. 3 reached higher gross profits than the rest, concerning productive efficiency (1 298 kg of milk/ha and 32 975 kg of milk/worker or working unit (UT)), with higher income from milk sales, income-expenses, and lower costs of milk production (0.84 CUP/kg of milk). These results are linked to a more favorable calving pattern this year

Evaluation of Fattening Efficiency of Grazing Bulls through Panel Data Envelop Analysis

The purpose of this paper was to assess fattening efficiency changes in grazing bulls, using panel data envelop analysis in two periods of time. The panel data were compiled by DEAP 2.1, which included the results of a 3-year period from 38 private farms (beef farms) in cooperatives of credits and services. The farms were on prairie savannahs, located on 21.4831 latitude, and -77.3174 longitude, less than 300 meters above sea level, province of Camagüey, mideastern Cuba. The output variable was total sold kg (TSKG), and the input variables were cost of Norgold (CN), fuel kg per ha (FKGXHA), fuel kg per livestock unit (FKGXLU), and unit of human labor force (UHL), which were highly correlated to the output variable. Table 2 shows that technical efficiency (TE), pure efficiency (PEC), and scale sufficiency (SEC), underwent 0.2%, 0.4, and 0.5%, respectively, by the third year of fattening. Technological change (TC) between the second and third years rose to almost 14%, and the total productivity factor (TPF) spiked as farmers became more skilled and experienced, with a 4.9% increase in comparison to the first year, and 13.7% in the second year

Algunos indicadores del valor nutritivo para rumiantes de las hojas de plantas de marabú (Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn) con diferentes alturas

Marabou Leaves (Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight &amp; Arn) were collected at three different heights ( 30; 72 and 153 cm) in a commercial dairy farm during the dry season to characterize some nutritional potential indexes. Leaves chemical composition was not much affected by plant height, and their raw protein concentration reached values be- tween 14,7 and 17,7 %, while neutral-soap and fiber ranged from 26,7 to 32,3% and total extracting polyphenol was over 12,0%. Tannin and alkaloid presence was detected; however, no saponin or cyanogenic glucosides were found. A gas production technique including polyethylene-glycol 4000 revealed that over a 30 % of leaf energetic value was blocked by tannin effects. More detailed researches on marabou nutritional potential in different seasons are needed.Se colectaron plantas de marabú (Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn.) de tres alturas medias diferentes (30; 72 y 153 cm) en áreas de una vaquería comercial durante la época de seca, para caracterizar algunos indicadores de su valor nutritivo. La altura de las plantas no influyó notablemente en la composición química de las hojas, que al- canzaron concentraciones de proteína bruta entre 14,7 y 17,7 %, mientras que la fibra neutro detergente osciló entre 26,7 y 32,3 %; los polifenoles extractables totales superaron el 12,0 %. Se detectó la presencia de taninos y alcaloides, pero no de saponinas ni glucósidos cianogénicos. El empleo de la técnica de producción de gases, con adición de polyetilenglicol 4000, sugiere que más del 30 % del valor energético de las hojas se encuentra bloqueado por efecto de los taninos Se recomienda continuar estudios más detallados del valor nutritivo de esta especie en diferentes épocas