Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Theoretical Studies of V(IV),Fe(III),Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)Complexes with Bidentate (NN) Donar Azo Dye Ligand

The new 4-[(7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole)azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (L) have been synthesized and characterized by micro elemental and thermal analyses as well as 1H.NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. (L) acts as a ligand coordinating with some metal ionsV(IV), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Structures of the new compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses as well as FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectra. The magnetic properties and electrical conductivities of metal complexes were also determined. Study of the nature of the complexes formed in ethanol following the mole ratio method.. The work also include a theoretical treatment of the formed complexes in the gas phase, this was done using the (hyperchem-8) program for the molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. The heat of formation (?Hf?), binding energy (?Eb)and total energy (?ET) for ligand and their metal complexes were calculated by (PM3) method at 298 K.The electrostatic potential of the ligand (L) was calculated to investigate the reactive sites of the molecules. PM3 were used to evaluate the vibrational and electronic spectra for the ligand (L) and their metal complexes then comparing with the experimental values. The antibacterial activity for the (L)and its metal complexes were studied against two types of pathogenic bacteria Pseudonomous aerugionosa as gram negative and Bacillus subtilis as gram positive. Furthermore, the antifungal activity against two fungi Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus was studied for (L) and its metal complexes

Kinetic Study of Esterification Reaction

The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 50-60°C and at a different molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid [EtOH/Ac]. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of [EtOH/Ac] molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 80% was obtained at 60°C for molar ratio of 10 EtOH/Ac. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. Activity coefficients were calculated using UNIFAC program. Results showed deviation in activation energy in the non-ideal system of about 20% this is due to the polarities of water and ethanol compared to the non-polar ethyl acetate this dissimilarity leading to strong non- ideal behavior. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated form the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium

Clinical Presentation and Time-Based Mortality in Patients With Chest Injuries Associated With Road Traffic Accidents

Background: Blunt chest trauma (BCT) poses significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objectives: We investigated the clinical presentation and outcome of BCT related to road traffic accidents (RTA). Patients and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis for patients who sustained BCT secondary to RTA in terms of motor vehicle crash (MVC) and pedestrian-motor vehicle accidents (PMVA) who were admitted to the trauma center at Hamad general hospital, Doha, Qatar, between 2008 and 2011. Results: Of 5118 traumatic injury cases, 1004 (20%) were found to have BCT secondary to RTA (77% MVC and 23% PMVA). The majority were males (92%), and expatriates (72%). Among MVCs, 84% reported they did not use protective devices. There was a correlation between chest abbreviated injury score (AIS) and injury severity scoring (ISS) (r = 0.35, r2 = 0.12, P < 0.001). Regardless of mechanism of injury (MOI), multivariate analysis showed that the head injury associated with chest AIS and ISS was a predictor of mortality in BCT. Overall mortality was 15%, and the highest rate was observed within the first 24 hours post-trauma. Conclusions: Blunt chest trauma from RTA represents one-fifth of the total trauma admissions in Qatar, with a high overall mortality. Pedestrians are likely to have more severe injuries and higher fatality rates than MVC victims. Specific injury prevention programs focusing on road safety should be implemented to minimize the incidence of such preventable injuries

Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with horizontal construction joints

In the present research, ten simply supported reinforced concrete beams having a rectangular cross-section were cast and tested up to failure under the action of two-point loads. Eight of these beams were designed to contain horizontal construction joints (HCJs) of different number and location in the beam while the other two beams had no construction joint which were referred to as reference beams for the sake of comparison of results. All the tested beams had been designed to fail in flexure and had the same amount and type of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement as well as similar concrete properties. The results of this series of tests have indicated that the presence of HCJs in reinforced concrete beams leads to a decrease in its ultimate loads and increase in its ultimate deflection. The values of the recorded ultimate loads ranged between 83% to 98% times that of the reference beam while the ultimate deflection ranged between 102% to 133% times that of the reference beam

Involvement of Platelet-Activating Factor in Ultraviolet B-Induced Hyperalgesia

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes cutaneous inflammation. One important clinical consequence of UVB-induced inflammation is increased pain or hyperalgesia, which is likely mediated by enhanced sensitivity of cutaneous sensory neurons. Previous studies have demonstrated that UVB radiation generates the lipid mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), as well as oxidized phospholipids that act as PAF-mimetics. These substances exert effects through the PAF receptor (PAF-R). This study was designed to assess whether PAF-R is involved in UVB-induced hyperalgesia. Intradermal injection of carbamoyl PAF (CPAF; 1-hexadecyl-2-N-methylcarbamoyl glycerophosphocholine) resulted in an enhanced response to mechanical stimuli in wild-type mice but not in PAF-R knockout (KO) mice. There was no significant change in paw withdrawal to noxious thermal stimuli in either genotype after intradermal injection of CPAF. Exposure of the hind paw to 1,500Jm-2 UVB radiation caused an increased sensitivity to both mechanical and thermal stimulation in wild-type mice but not in PAF-R KO mice. The thermal hyperalgesia caused by UVB irradiation was inhibited in mice that lacked PAF-R in bone marrow-derived cells. These data demonstrate that the PAF-R is important for UVB-induced hyperalgesia. Further investigation of the role of PAF-R signaling in UVB-induced hyperalgesia could provide better understanding of the pathological processes initiated by UVB-induced skin damage

EFFECT OF PRE- AND POST-MATING VITAMINS AD3E TREATMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF AWASSI EWES

This study was designed to investigate the influence of pre-estrus (PE) synchronization and post-mating (PM) vitamins AD3E treatment on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes raised at four Iraqi provinces. Seventy six Awassi ewes were randomly divided within each province into two groups. The first group (n=15, except for Karbala, n= 11) were im injected with five AD3E injections (150 IU / dose), biweekly interval. The 1st injection was 1.5 months PM, while the 2nd and 3rd injections were at the time of progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponges insertion. The 4th injection was at the time of the vaginal sponge’s removal, whereas the 5th injection was 14 days PM. The control group (n=5) was intramuscularly injected with 5 ml normal saline at similar periods. The AD3E groups exhibited higher (P≤0.01) fertility and conception rates as compared to the control groups in Al-Najaf and Karbala provinces. Higher (P≤0.01) lambing rate and liter size were noticed in AD3E groups than those of the control group for all provinces. In conclusion, pre-estrus synchronization and post-mating vitamin AD3E treatment improved the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes

Effect of Dietary Linseed on Egg Quality of Laying Quail

Abstract: This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with linseed on egg quality of laying quail. A total of 320 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 9-wk old were allocated to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates containing 20 quail each. Birds were fed commercial diet containing 0% (C), 2% (T1), 4% (T2) or 6% (T3) linseed. Birds received water and diet ad libitum during the total period of experiment. Egg quality characteristics were monitored over 3 consecutive 21-d periods. Egg quality criteria involved in this experiment were egg weight, yolk diameter, yolk height, yolk weight, albumen height, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen percentage, yolk percentage and shell percentage. Results revealed that supplementing diet of laying quail with linseed resulted in significant increase in total means of egg weight, yolk diameter, albumen height, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen percentage and albumen weight. Total means of shell weight and yolk percentage were not significantly (p&gt;0.05) different from quails consuming 0, 2, 4 or 6% linseed; However, total mean of shell percentage was reduced (p&lt;0.05) in laying quails fed linseed when compared to control group. In conclusion, Feeding laying quails with different levels of linseed (2%, 4%, or 6%) caused significant improvement as regards most of egg quality parameters included in this experiment. Therefore, adding linseed to the ration could be used as a good tool for improving productive performance of Japanese quail

Experimental Investigation of Composite Steel-Concrete Arches

This research is concerned with behavior of composite steel-concrete arches under static load. For this purpose, eight models of composite steel-concrete arches are fabricated as test specimens.According to their supporting systems, the eight fabricated specimens are equally divided into Hinge-Roller and Hinge-Hinge supported arches in which varied numbers of shear connectors are used to investigate the effects of support conditions and degree of shear connection on the behavior of the composite arches. The specimens are tested under monotonically increasing point load applied on their crowns (on the top of concrete slabs). The mechanical properties of the used materials are determined by laboratory tests. Push-out tests on three specimens, fabricated for this purpose, are also carried out to determine the properties of the stud shear connectors. It is concluded that increasing the number of connectors tends to increase the ultimate load capacity and decrease both displacement and slip in the composite arches. This trend is considerably satisfied when the horizontal movements of supports are constrained (Hinge-Hinge supported arches)

Chemotherapeutic agents subvert tumor immunity by generating agonists of platelet-activating factor

Oxidative stress suppresses host immunity by generating oxidized lipid agonists of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R). Because many classical chemotherapeutic drugs induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated whether these drugs might subvert host immunity by activating PAF-R. Here, we show that PAF-R agonists are produced in melanoma cells by chemotherapy that is administered in vitro, in vivo, or in human subjects. Structural characterization of the PAF-R agonists induced revealed multiple oxidized glycerophosphocholines that are generated nonenzymatically. In a murine model of melanoma, chemotherapeutic administration could augment tumor growth by a PAF-R-dependent process that could be blocked by treatment with antioxidants or COX-2 inhibitors or by depletion of regulatory T cells. Our findings reveal how PAF-R agonists induced by chemotherapy treatment can promote treatment failure. Furthermore, they offer new insights into how to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by blocking its heretofore unknown impact on PAF-R activation

Formulation and antioxidant properties of curcumin gum Arabic nanoparticles for delivery to cancer cells

Curcumin nanoparticles)Cur/GANPs(were formulated based on gum arabic)GA(as a stabilizer coatings for nanoparticles through efficient synthesis approach . The current study investigated the antioxidant properties and antihypertensive activity of curcumin)Cur(using various established in vitro assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)DPPH(as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE(inhibitory activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Cur/GANPs against human liver cancer)HepG2(, and colon cancer)HT29(was investigated. The exposure of human cancer cells to Cur/GANPs)1.56-100 µg/ml(using MTT)3-)4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl(2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(has revealed that the Cur/GANPs inhibited the growth of cell lines examined in a dose dependent manner. Hence, Cur/GANPs nanoparticles may have great potential to be applied for cancer treatment