Synthesis of New Mannich Bases from Indole Derivatives

This work includes two steps of synthesis, the first one is the synthesis of indole which was prepared according to literature of the reaction of phenyl hydrazine with acetaldehyde in glacial acetic acid afforded phenyl hydrazone of acetaldehyde , this product was fused with zinc chloride to give the indole.Reaction of cyclohexanone with phenyl hydrazine using the same procedure for the preparing giving 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazole.Second step involved synthesis of a series of (17) of mannich bases derivatives of indole and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazle. Mannich reaction involves the condensation of aldehyde usually formaldehyde with different secondary amine and with compound containing an activated hydrogen.The reaction illustrated by the following equation :R2NH+HCHO+RH?R2N-CH2-R+H2O These compounds were characterized by U.V , FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra for two compounds. The secondary amines that used to prepare mannich bases are:N-methyl –N-phenyl amine, N,N-dimethyl amine, N,N- diphenyl amine, N-ethyl –N- phenyl amine, N,N-di-n-propyl amine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, N- methyl pipyridine, N,N-dibenzyl amine, N,N-di –n-butyl amine and N,N-di ethyl amine

Study the Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Thick Film Irradiated with Violet Laser

Background: The aims study of this work is the effect of violet laser beam  irradiating on the optical properties of the Polyvinyl alcohol PVA before and after irradiation to a laser beam of different time 10, 20, 30 and 40 minute. Materials and Methods: The polymer powder PVA 0.008 mg  was dissolved in 7 ml distilled water at  temperature 40 °C and the thickness of the film was  3000 nm by using weight method to measure the thickness of the films. A semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 405 nm was used to irradiate the films. Results: The absorbance, transmittance and reflectance spectra of thick films before and after laser irradiation were plotted. The energy gap and optical constants were calculated. Conclusions: The irradiation with the violet laser causes a breakdown of the bonds, which causes a decrease in the absorbance and reflectance spectrum, while the energy gap increases

Synchronization of a renewable energy inverter with the grid

The design, mathematical analysis, and testing results of the architecture of a new all-digital phase-locked loop system for synchronizing a voltage source DC-AC single-phase inverter with the low voltage utility grid are presented. The system which is based on the time-delay digital tanlock loop was simulated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK and was tested by subjecting the grid voltage to various perturbations similar to those which can occur in a real power system, such as voltage sags and nonlinear distortion of the grid voltage waveform. Results indicate that even in the presence of such perturbations the system achieved and/or re-gained synchronization within 100 ms. The proposed system is all-digital and can be readily implemented using a field programmable gate array and easily embedded into a power inverter

Catalyzed and Promoted Direct Reaction of Ethyl Chloride with Silicon Using Stirred-Bed Reactor

In this paper a stirred-bed performed of the copper catalyzed synthesis of ethylchlorosilanes from silicon and ethyl chloride was described. A Si-catalyst mixture prepared by reaction of CuCl and Si was employed. The compositions of products were mainly ethyltrichlorosilane, diethyldichlorosilane, and ethyldichlorosilane and mainly depended on the extent of Cu in the mixture and the reaction temperature. A promoting effect on the extent of adsorption was observed on the addition of certain additives. The kinetic data revealed the direct depended of the reaction rate on C2H5Cl pressure

Perceptions on male nurse among health care workers in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA)

The entering of men into nursing is widely spread in around the world; Malaysia is not excluded from this scenario. The former dominated profession by female now will become free-gender occupation. As the productions of male nurse keep increasing into health care institution, the researcher feels the need to know the other health care workers’ perception on male nurse. The study had done in HTAA to find out the health care workers namely are from the nurses, doctors, medical assistants, and hospital attendants’ perception on male nurse. This cross-sectional study was conducted in form of questionnaire and all the data obtained were analyzed. There were 226 respondents participated in this study which revealed that majority strongly accept the upcoming of male nurse into health care sector. This study also found out that there is no significant between age and gender of health care workers with the degree of acceptance on male nurse. Whereas, the occupation of health care workers and experienced working with male nurse showed the significant relationship. Moreover, majority of the respondents agreed that patient had gender preference of health care workers and disagreed that the gender issues arise in health care institution. In short, the findings of this study reflect that the health care workers were aware with the upcoming of male nurse in the health care setting

Evaluation Levels of IL-17 and IL-10 in Serum Patients of Lung Cancer in Both Types Non-Small Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma in Al Najaf province/Iraq

The current study utilized cytokines as biomarkers where play a pivotal role in the suppressive or progression of lung cancer and are used to regulate of immune response of patients with lung cancer, samples were collected from cases of patients who suffer from clinical symptoms of disease and from both sexes specifically from the center of Middle Euphrates Cancer in the government of Al-Najaf at the period from (December, 2022 to the end of March, 2023) where comprised 176 samples as 120 cases represent lung cancer and 56 cases as the apparently healthy control group, 120 cases were comprised as non-small cell carcinoma cases of patients representing 96 (80%) divided in to into 46(47.9%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma,32 cases of adenocarcinoma (33.3%), and 18 (18.7%) cases of large cell carcinoma, while 24 (20%) represented cases of small cell carcinoma, taking of blood samples from all patients cases then separated to obtain of serum for detection levels of IL-17 and IL-10 via the using of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) apparatus that measured the serum levels of IL-17 in lung cancer patients and were showed (0.2309 ± 0.06659) pg/ml significantly at (p≤ 0.05) compared with the apparently healthy control group (0.1377 ± 0.0117) pg/ml, as well as it observed higher significant (p ≤ 0.05) for levels of IL-10 in patients serum (0.392 ± 0.002333) pg/ml than the apparently healthy control group(0.2089 ± 0.003074) pg/ml

A novel approach for improving material stiffness using a direct method in below-knee prosthetic sockets

The conventional techniques for producing a socket are time-consuming disproportionate to the significant population afflicted by limb amputations. Although the new manufacturing direct method, the modular socket system (MSS) method, involves reduced labor time, the technique produces sockets with high stiffness that cause discomfort for those with lower limb amputations during walking. This study investigated the tensile characteristics of numerous materials in below-knee prosthetic sockets. Initially, a vacuum molding approach was used to produce the sockets, which involved various polymers and composite materials to improve the prosthesis socket properties. An F-socket device was also employed to ensure efficient production and optimized pressure distribution at the interface between the socket and the residual limb. A SOLIDWORKS® software was then applied to determine the numerical analysis (stress distribution and the maximum internal pressure). The samples from Group E involved utilizing a novel mixture compared to the direct and traditional methods of various materials. This study presents a novel prosthetic limb socket made from a mixture of four carbon fiber layers, utilizing 20% polyurethane resin and 80% acrylic as the matrix. The resulting material demonstrated acceptable stiffness, extended socket life, and reduced curing time. During the patient's gait cycle, peak pressure of 300 KPa was recorded using the F-socket, while SOLIDWORKS® software indicated an internal pressure of 343 KPa, aligning closely with F-socket measurements. The new direct-fit socket design prioritizes comfort and flexibility using materials with reduced stiffness

Performance evaluation of the time delay digital tanlock loop architectures

This article presents the architectures, theoretical analyses and testing results of modified time delay digital tanlock loop (TDTLs) system. The modifications to the original TDTL architecture were introduced to overcome some of the limitations of the original TDTL and to enhance the overall performance of the particular systems. The limitations addressed in this article include the non-linearity of the phase detector, the restricted width of the locking range and the overall system acquisition speed. Each of the modified architectures was tested by subjecting the system to sudden positive and negative frequency steps and comparing its response with that of the original TDTL. In addition, the performance of all the architectures was evaluated under noise-free as well as noisy environments. The extensive simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrate that the new architectures overcome the limitations they addressed and the overall results confirmed significant improvements in performance compared to the conventional TDTL system