Estima de la composición corporal en conejos de 25 a 77 días de edad mediante la técnica de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA).

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar y validar con datos independientes las ecuaciones de predicción obtenidas para estimar in vivo la composición corporal de conejos en crecimiento utilizando la técnica de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). Las ecuaciones se calcularon mediante un análisis de regresión múltiple a partir de las medidas de impedancia presentadas en el trabajo anterior (Saiz et al., 2011) y de otras variables independientes que fueron incluidas en el modelo, tras hacer un análisis de selección de variables, como la edad, el peso y la longitud del animal. Los coeficientes de determinación (R2) de las ecuaciones para estimar la humedad (g), la proteína (g), la grasa (g), las cenizas (g) y la energía (MJ) fueron: 0,99, 0,99, 0,97, 0,98 y 0,99, y los errores medios de predicción relativos (EMPR): 2,24, 5,99, 16,3, 8,56 y 7,81%, respectivamente. El R2 y EMPR para estimar el porcentaje de humedad corporal fueron de 0,85 y 1,98%, respectivamente. Para predecir los contenidos, expresados sobre materia seca (MS), de proteína (%), grasa (%), cenizas (%) y energía (kJ/100g), el R2 obtenido fue 0,79, 0,83, 0,71 y 0,86, respectivamente y el EMPR 4,78, 12,2, 8,39 y 3,26%, respectivamente. La reactancia estuvo negativamente correlacionada con el contenido en humedad, cenizas y proteína bruta (r=-0,32, Pmenor que0,0001; r=-0,20, Pmenor que0,05; r=-0,26, Pmenor que0,01) pero positivamente con el de grasa y energía (r=0,23 y r=0,24; Pmenor que0,01). Al contrario ocurrió con la resistencia, que estuvo positivamente correlacionada con el contenido en humedad, cenizas y proteína bruta (r=0,31, Pmenor que0,001; r=0,28, Pmenor que0,001; r=0,37, Pmenor que0,0001) pero negativamente con el de grasa y energía (r=-0,36 y r=-0,35; Pmenor que0,0001). Así mismo, la edad del animal, estuvo negativamente correlacionada con el contenido en humedad, proteína y cenizas (r=-0,79, r=-0,67 y r=-0,80; Pmenor que0,0001) y positivamente con la grasa y energía (r=0,78 y r=0,81; Pmenor que0,0001). Se puede considerar la técnica BIA como una técnica útil para estimar in vivo la composición corporal de los conejos en crecimiento de 25 a 77 días de edad

Introduction to Architecture: shaping the first contact

Introduction to Architecture is a subject taught in the School of Architecture of the University of A Coruña. It is intended to start the trainign of future professionals attending, from the the first course, to the tripple thoughtful, designed and constructive support of the architectural fact. With the Bologna Process, the subject became the initiatory place of the discipline, a sort of "first contact". The uniqueness of this fact, together with other circumstances, such as the recent introduction of teaching in English or conducting practices in a non-contact manner has led to the need of incorporating new technologies as means of control, mentoring and monitoring tasks and enhancement of teacher-student relationship inside the subject. Within this approach it has generated a central tool that serves as a gateway and communication of the subject: the website iala.udc.es.Introducción a la Arquitectura es una asignatura que se imparte en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidade da Coruña. En ella se pretende iniciar la formación del futuro profesional atendiendo, desde el primer curso, al triple soporte reflexivo, proyectivo y constructivo del hecho arquitectónico. Con el Proceso de Bolonia, la asignatura se convirtió en el lugar iniciático de la disciplina, en una suerte de «primer contacto». La singularidad de este hecho, sumado a otras circunstancias, como la reciente introducción de la docencia en inglés o la realización de las prácticas de manera no presencial, ha conducido a la necesidad de incorporar las nuevas tecnologías como modo de control, tutorización y seguimiento de tareas y potenciación de la relación profesor-alumno dentro de la asignatura. Dentro de este planteamiento se ha generado una herramienta nuclear que sirve de portal de acceso y comunicación de la asignatura: la web iala.udc.es

Development of an optimized AAV2/5 gene therapy vector for Leber congenital amaurosis owing to defects in RPE65

Leber congenital amaurosis is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies that cause severe sight impairment in childhood; RPE65-deficiency causes impaired rod photoreceptor function from birth and progressive impairment of cone photoreceptor function associated with retinal degeneration. In animal models of RPE65 deficiency, subretinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/2 vectors carrying RPE65 cDNA improves rod photoreceptor function, and intervention at an early stage of disease provides sustained benefit by protecting cone photoreceptors against retinal degeneration. In affected humans, administration of these vectors has resulted to date in relatively modest improvements in photoreceptor function, even when retinal degeneration is comparatively mild, and the duration of benefit is limited by progressive retinal degeneration. We conclude that the demand for RPE65 in humans is not fully met by current vectors, and predict that a more powerful vector will provide more durable benefit. With this aim we have modified the original AAV2/2 vector to generate AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65. The new configuration consists of an AAV vector serotype 5 carrying an optimized hRPE65 promoter and a codon-optimized hRPE65 gene. In mice, AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65 is at least 300-fold more potent than our original AAV2/2 vector

Recapitulation of Human Retinal Development from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Generates Transplantable Populations of Cone Photoreceptors

Transplantation of rod photoreceptors, derived either from neonatal retinae or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), can restore rod-mediated visual function in murine models of inherited blindness. However, humans depend more upon cone photoreceptors that are required for daylight, color, and high-acuity vision. Indeed, macular retinopathies involving loss of cones are leading causes of blindness. An essential step for developing stem cell-based therapies for maculopathies is the ability to generate transplantable human cones from renewable sources. Here, we report a modified 2D/3D protocol for generating hPSC-derived neural retinal vesicles with well-formed ONL-like structures containing cones and rods bearing inner segments and connecting cilia, nascent outer segments, and presynaptic structures. This differentiation system recapitulates human photoreceptor development, allowing the isolation and transplantation of a pure population of stage-matched cones. Purified human long/medium cones survive and become incorporated within the adult mouse retina, supporting the potential of photoreceptor transplantation for treating retinal degeneration

A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN

This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC

Recapitulation of Human Retinal Development from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Generates Transplantable Populations of Cone Photoreceptors

Transplantation of rod photoreceptors, derived either from neonatal retinae or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), can restore rod-mediated visual function in murine models of inherited blindness. However, humans depend more upon cone photoreceptors that are required for daylight, color, and high-acuity vision. Indeed, macular retinopathies involving loss of cones are leading causes of blindness. An essential step for developing stem cell-based therapies for maculopathies is the ability to generate transplantable human cones from renewable sources. Here, we report a modified 2D/3D protocol for generating hPSC-derived neural retinal vesicles with well-formed ONL-like structures containing cones and rods bearing inner segments and connecting cilia, nascent outer segments, and presynaptic structures. This differentiation system recapitulates human photoreceptor development, allowing the isolation and transplantation of a pure population of stage-matched cones. Purified human long/medium cones survive and become incorporated within the adult mouse retina, supporting the potential of photoreceptor transplantation for treating retinal degeneration

Prevention of Photoreceptor Cell Loss in a Cln6nclf Mouse Model of Batten Disease Requires CLN6 Gene Transfer to Bipolar Cells

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are inherited lysosomal storage disorders characterized by general neurodegeneration and premature death. Sight loss is also a major symptom in NCLs, severely affecting the quality of life of patients, but it is not targeted effectively by brain-directed therapies. Here we set out to explore the therapeutic potential of an ocular gene therapy to treat sight loss in NCL due to a deficiency in the transmembrane protein CLN6. We found that, although Cln6nclfmice presented mainly with photoreceptor degeneration, supplementation of CLN6 in photoreceptors was not beneficial. Because the level of CLN6 is low in photoreceptors but high in bipolar cells (retinal interneurons that are only lost in Cln6-deficient mice at late disease stages), we explored the therapeutic effects of delivering CLN6 to bipolar cells using adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 7m8. Bipolar cell-specific expression of CLN6 slowed significantly the loss of photoreceptor function and photoreceptor cells. This study shows that the deficiency of a gene normally expressed in bipolar cells can cause the loss of photoreceptors and that this can be prevented by bipolar cell-directed treatment