UK domestic air conditioning: a study of occupant use and energy efficiency

This paper presents the results of a study of air-conditioning usage in homes in the southeast of England. First part of the study consisted surveying 13 dwellings with air-conditioning for a series of 4 week periods during the summer of 2004. The second part involved testing energy efficiency of “single-split” and “portable” air-conditioning units under “in-use” conditions. Data on usage patterns and typical temperature profiles during operation was collected and is presented here. Temperatures at which users switched their units on were, on average, 24-25oC, while typical running times for a single operation were found to be around 5 hours during daytime and 7 hours at night in bedrooms. The study also indicated high occupant satisfaction rates with split-units. An unexpectedly high overall energy efficiency ratio (EER), of 5-10, was found for the single-split unit tested during the relatively mild autumn weather. However, a very poor EER, of less than 1, was found for the portable unit tested. Further work is needed to increase the reliability and statistical significance of the results

The construction of self-dual normal polynomials over GF(2) and their applications to the Massey-Omura algorithm

Gaussian periods are used to locate a normal element of the finite field GF(2e) of odd degree e and an algorithm is presented for the construction of self-dual normal polynomials over GF(2) for any odd degree. This gives a new constructive proof of the existence of a self-dual basis for odd degree. The use of such polynomials in the Massey-Omura multiplier improves the efficiency and decreases the complexity of the multiplie

Physical and Geometrical Parameters of VCBS XIII: HIP 105947

The perfect physical and geometrical parameters of the main-sequence close visual binary system (CVBS), HIP\,105947, are explicitly presented. These parameters have been constructed conclusively using Al-Wardat's complex method for analyzing CVBSs, which is a method for constructing a synthetic spectral energy distribution (SED) for the entire binary system using individual SED for each component star. Which in its turn built using Kurucz ({\fontfamily{cmtt}\selectfont ATLAS9}) line-blanketed plane-parallel models. At the same time, the orbital parameters for the system are calculated using Tokovinin's dynamical method for constructing the best orbits of the interferometric binary system. Henceforth, the mass-sum of the components, the $\triangle\theta$ and $\triangle\rho$ residuals for the system are introduced. The combination of Al-Wardat's and Tokovinin's methods yields the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters to their best values. The positions of the components of the system on the evolutionary tracks and isochrones are plotted, and their formation and evolution are discussed.Comment: 14 Pages, 5 Figures and 8 Table

Distribution and Attachment of Bryozoans in the Intertidal Region of South Andaman Island

Aiming to collate the distribution and the attachment preference of intertidal bryozoan of Andaman waters, a study was carried out in three intertidal sites (Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat, and Chidiytapu) of southeastern coasts of the Andaman Islands between June and August 2016. The present study is the first exclusive report on bryozoans from the Andaman Islands after a long research gap of nine decades. During our investigation, a total of twelve genera were identified from both calcareous and non-calcareous substratum. Out of the twelve genera, eight genera were new records from the island. The present study showed that the attachment affinity of the Bryozoans is more towards natural substratum particularly on the rocks. The Thalamoporella sp. reported the most abundant species with maximum average colony length of 3.5 cm from the rock substratum

Evaluation of FAOAqua Crop model for wheat under different irrigation regimes

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi during rabi seasons of 2010-11and 2011-12. Irrigation treatments include irrigation applied at 50% deficit (W1) and 25 % deficit (W2) and full irrigation (W3) under recommended fertilization levels with split doses of N-fertilizer. Fullirrigation treatment was based on irrigations to meet the soil moisture deficit up to the field capacity (FC) level and deficit irrigation treatments of 25% and 50% were imposed with respect to the full irrigation.The model was calibrated with experiment generated data sets of rabi 2010-11 and validated using the data set of rabi 2011-12. It was observed that the validated model performed well for grain yield prediction with absolute prediction error of 2.9%, 0.91% and 7.85% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation levels, respectively. Also, for prediction of biomass yield the prediction error ranged from 11.81% to 28.96% for all three irrigation treatments. Moreover, the validated model was observed to predict the water productivity with absolute prediction errors of 43.57%, 13.87% and 12.8% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation treatment levels, respectively. Nonetheless, it was observed from this study that the AquaCrop model can be used to simulate the grain and biomass yield for wheat crop with acceptable accuracy under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid enviroment

Segmentation of Nastaliq script for OCR

In this paper we have presented a novel segmentation technique for the implementation of an OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for printed Nastalique text, a calligraphic style of Urdu which uses the Arabic script for its writing.OCR for many of the world major languages have been developed and are being used but at present an OCR for Nastalique is not available and the published research on Nastalique OCR, Urdu OCR or even on any area of Urdu computing is almost non-existent, the reason being the challenges that the Nastalique style poses for its optical recognition. We used Matlab 7 for our experimentation the results are reported in this paper which are very encouraging

Predictions of the mechanical properties of unidirectional fibre composites by supervised machine learning

We present an application of data analytics and supervised machine learning to allow accurate predictions of the macroscopic stiffness and yield strength of a unidirectional composite loaded in the transverse plane. Predictions are obtained from the analysis of an image of the material microstructure, as well as knowledge of the constitutive models for fibres and matrix, without performing physically-based calculations. The computational framework is based on evaluating the 2-point correlation function of the images of 1800 microstructures, followed by dimensionality reduction via principal component analysis. Finite element (FE) simulations are performed on 1800 corresponding statistical volume elements (SVEs) representing cylindrical fibres in a continuous matrix, loaded in the transverse plane. A supervised machine learning (ML) exercise is performed, employing a gradient-boosted tree regression model with 10-fold cross-validation strategy. The model obtained is able to accurately predict the homogenized properties of arbitrary microstructures

Determination of Ground Water Associated with Lignite Mining in Arid Climate,

Ground water and surface water create a range of problems in lignite mining utilizing surface mining methods. In order to create a safe and economic mining environment, it is essential to carry out mining after dewatering the rock mass surrounding the lignite mines by advance dewatering techniques. This paper briefly describes the ground water regimes including pressure gradients associated with various lignite deposits together with the practical examples of some important lignite deposits in the world. An effective method of controlling ground water in multi-aquifer environment in lignite deposits is to carry out rock mass dewatering using borehole pumps. This approach will help reducing the inflow rates of ground water to the mining excavation and also increase the effective strength of the overburden strata, thus, increasing the slope stability of the mining excavations. The main theme of this paper is to present a case history analysis of Thar lignite deposit in Sindh, Pakistan which has lignite reserves of some 193 billion tonnes. The paper presents a proposed method of dewatering the Thar prospect together with an assessment of the quality of aquifer water which can be used to improve the quality of life of people inhabiting in the Thar Desert area of Sindh, Pakistan. Water samples from three aquifers were collected from nine different locations and were analyzed in the laboratory for evaluating their physical and chemical characteristics. The test results indicated that the aquifer water can be classified as (sodium+ potassium) -chloride type water with a TDS range of 1000 to 20,000 mg/L. Consequently, this ground water is classified as brackish (saline water) requiring treatment before it can be utilised for domestic or industrial consumptions. It should be noted that this ground water does not contain heavy metals and toxic metals including arsenic, mercury and lead or cyanide. However, results indicate that groundwater from a few locations contained traces of silver (<4oppb) Owithozinc0<0.1ppm