Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of SBA-15-SO₃H Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid for Esterification Reaction

SBA-15-SO₃H supported tungstophosphoric acid (TPA, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) mesoporous materials were synthesized by impregnation of TPA into the hydrothermally synthesized SBA-15-SO₃H and the catalytic performances were compared for the esterification reaction. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, FT-IR and N₂ adsorption/desorption techniques. The characterization results show that TPA/SBA-15-SO₃H retained the typical mesoporous structure of SBA-15-SO₃H. The experimental results indicated that TPA/SBA-15-SO₃H is a more efficient catalyst than SBA-15-SO₃H for the esterification reaction. The higher activity of TPA/SBA-15-SO₃H compared with that of SBA-15-SO₃H was consistent with the material having the low pKa value, confirming that the esterification rate was mostly dependent on the acid strength of the additional functional groups of solid acid catalyst. Accordingly, the reason for the catalytic activity difference was simply explicated by the effect of TPA, having low pKa value, affecting the pore structure and the total acidity

Prevalence and related factors of euthyroid sick syndrome in children with untreated cancer according to two different criteria

PubMedID: 29553046Objective: In this study, we evaluated the frequency of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) among patients with childhood cancer and its association with the stage of disease, nutritional parameters and cytokines levels. Methods: Eighty newly diagnosed children were included in the study. ESS was assessed in two different ways. According to criteria 1 ESS was present if free triiodothyronine (fT3) was below the lower limit and free thyroxine was within the normal or low limits, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was in the normal range. According to criteria 2, in addition to the above, it was required that reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) be performed and was higher than normal limits. Results: Three of our pediatric patients had subclinical hypothyroidism and two had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Out of 75 patients, ESS was identified in 14 (17.3%) according to criteria 1 and in eight (10.6%) according to criteria 2. Only fT3 levels were significantly different in the ESS (+) and ESS (-) groups (p<0.05) according to criteria 1. A significantly negative correlation between interleukin (IL)-6 and fT3 was found, according to both sets of criteria. tumor necrosis factor alpha was negatively correlated with fT3 levels only in the criteria 1 group. There were no correlations between IL-1ß and fT3, free thyroxine, rT3 and TSH levels. Conclusion: ESS may occur in childhood cancer and thyroid function testing should be performed routinely when cancer is diagnosed. © 2018 by Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: 2016-1-TP3-1432Financial Disclosure: This project was supported by Mersin University Department of Scientific Research Projects (project No: 2016-1-TP3-1432)

Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine yönlendirilen adli olgular

Objective: The stressful experiences, especially sexual abuse, damage the child;amp;#8217;s psychology, mental health and quality of life. Forensic psychiatric evaluation includes the expertness, provides information for judicial decision and also is important to diagnose the psychiatric disorder of the child and protect him. Because of these reasons we were aimed to examine the characteristics of children applied to our department for criminal report. Methods: The files of 73 cases aged 4-18 years have been examined retrospectively who referred to Erenkoy Psychiatry Hospital Child Psychiatry Outpatient Department between January 2007 and December 2009 for criminal reports. Beside the sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathology, intelligence levels and crime characteristics of these children were also examined. Results: The prosecutor;amp;#8217;s request was the evaluation of the psychiatric status in 86.3% of cases. Eighty-nine percent (65 cases) of 73 cases were applied for evaluation after sexual abuse. The rates of psychiatric diagnoses in sexually abused children were 32.3% posttraumatic stress disorder, 20% adjustment disorders, 16.9% acute stress disorder, 13.8% depressive disorders. We did not find any active psychiatric disorder in 16.9% of the cases. Intelligence Quotient were normal in 64.6% of the cases (n=42). 56.6% of the sexual offenders were acquaintance (9 incest cases-13.8%), 17% were friend-related people, 26.4% were stranger, 20.4 % were under 18 years of age. Discussion: The psychiatric evaluation after sexual abuse was the most frequent request of the prosecutors;amp;#8217;. 83.1% of the children had active psychiatric disorders that were evaluated because of sexual abuse. The most common diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder and this result is consistent with earlier findings. It is clear that stressful experiences especially sexually abuse damage the child;amp;#8217;s psychology, mental health and quality of life. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 12:221-225)Amaç: Çocukluk çağında yaşanan stres verici yaşantılar, özellikle cinsel istismar, çocuğun psikolojisine ve yaşam kalitesine zarar vermektedir. Adli psikiyatrik değerlendirme, mahkeme karar süreci için bilgi sağlama ve bilirkişiliği içerdiği gibi, çocuktaki olası psikiyatrik bozukluğun saptanması ve çocuğun korunabilmesi açısından da önemlidir. Bu nedenle polikliniğimize adli makamlarca rapor düzenlenmesi amacıyla yönlendirilen çocukların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Adli makamlarca Ocak 2007-Aralık 2009 tarihleri arasında haklarında rapor düzenlenmesi amacıyla hastanemizin çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine yönlendirilen 4-18 yaşları arasındaki 73 olgunun (45 kız, 28 erkek) dosya bilgileri geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Sosyodemografik özellikler, psikopatoloji, zeka düzeyi, doğum yeri, adli istekler ve zanlının özellikleri her olgu için ayrı bir kayıt formu tutularak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Olguların 65’i (%89) cinsel istismar sonrası değerlendirilmek üzere gönderilmiştir. Olguların %61.6’sı, cinsel istismar grubunun %66.2’si kızdır. Mahkeme isteklerinin %86.3'ü çocuğun ruhsal durumunun değerlendirilmesidir. Cinsel istismara uğramış çocuklarda saptanan psikiyatrik tanılar travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (%32.3), uyum bozukluğu (%20), akut stres bozukluğu (%16.9), depresif bozukluklardır (%13.8). Olguların %16.9’unda aktif psikiyatrik bozukluk saptanmamıştır. Zeka düzeyi 42 (%64.6) olguda normaldir. Cinsel istismar zanlılarının %20.4'ü 18 yaşından küçük, %26.4’ü yabancı, %56.6’sı tanıdık (9 olgu ensest mağduru-%13.8) ve %17’si arkadaşlarının aracılığı ile tanışılan kişilerdir. Tartışma: Mahkemenin en sık isteği cinsel istismarın ardın-dan ruhsal durumun değerlendirilmesi olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsel istismar ardından değerlendirilen çocukların %83.1’inde aktif psikiyatrik bozukluk saptanmıştır. En sık saptanan tanı travma sonrası stres bozukluğudur ve bu bulgu literatür bilgileri ile tutarlıdır. Özellikle cinsel istismar gibi stres verici yaşam olaylarının çocukların ruh sağlığını olumsuz etkilediği açıktır. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2011; 12:221-225