ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN FOOTBALL IN THE 2016 EUROPEAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP

The 15th European Football Championship (UEFA) was hosted by France. Italy exhibited a different football from this previous tournament. Italy participated in the European Football Championship 8 times, played three finals and won this trophy in 1968. Before 2016, Italian football is a team that has adopted the strict defense principle. It is aimed to reach the result based on standing balls and individual actions. With the 5-4-1 and 4-5-1 game system, the defense is not at risk and few players are attacked. In the preference of players, players with good defense power are preferred. In EURO 2016, Italy football; Looking at the comments from around the world, it has changed the style and style of the game. It is seen that it applies new trends in football. We can summarize some of these trends as follows; there is a very tactically trained team that can play different systems. Different game systems have been applied in different matches. It was observed that they wanted to direct the game by owning the ball. When they lost the ball, oppression was set up instead of waiting for the opponent to make mistakes. Distance between locations has been established as 35-40 m. Instead of waiting behind the ball, the opponent was directed to the press area to create pressure against the ball. These situations caused the Italian football team to play an attractive football. Article visualizations

The effect of FIFA-11 movements on the prevention of injuries to hearing-impaired football players

The efficacy of the FIFA-11 program for preventing injuries was examined with the purpose of decreasing the injuries of hearing-impaired football players. Two teams which play in the 1st League for the Turkish hearing-impaired, both in same group and from same geographical region, were chosen. The FIFA-11 program for the prevention of football injuries was applied on one of these teams. The second team was chosen as the control group. The control group continued its routine training throughout season. Their injury level was assessed using the Fysion Blesreg questionnaire form before and after the season. The injury incidence for the education group for 1000 hours of play was found to be 51.66, and it was found to be 92.98 for the control group. It was determined to be 17.22 for the education group and 30.99 for control group in training. Nine point four percent of the injuries received by the control group had appeared as a result of fights they had with their rivals after match. There are percentage differences between injury variations of the education group and the control group. The present study proves that regular applications such as FIFA-11 on hearing-impaired sportsmen can decrease the rate of injuries

Investigation of the attitudes of students from exercise and sports education for individuals with disabilities department toward individuals with disabilities

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda Engellilerde Egzersiz ve Spor Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin engellilere yönelik tutumlarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu bu bölümde spor eğitimi alan 120 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya veri toplamak amacıyla Yuker ve arkadaşları (1970) tarafından geliştirilen ve Özyürek (1977) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Yetersizlikten Etkilenmiş Kişilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (Attitude Toward Disabled Person)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgularda, sınıf değişkenine göre yetersizlik boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (F(2,117)=9,149; p<0.05). Farkın kaynağını bulmak için yapılan LSD testinde, 1. sınıf öğrencileri 2. ve 3. sınıf öğrencilerine göre daha olumlu yönde görüş bildirdikleri görülmüştür. Örneklem grupta, sınıf seviyesi arttıkça engelli bireylere yönelik genel tutumlarının olumsuz yönde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu bölümlerde spor eğitimi alan öğrencilerin olumsuz tutumlarının nedenleri konusunda farklı çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca ders müfredat çalışmaları, öğrenci alımı, akademik personellerin deneyimleri, öğrencilerin gittiği engelli okullarının fiziki şartları gibi konularda da araştırmalar yapılabilir.The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of students from Exercise and Sports Education for Individuals with Disabilities Department in Physical Education and Sports School of İnönü University in Turkey toward individuals with disabilities. The sample group of the study comprises of 120 students from this department. In order to gather the data in the study, “Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP)” scale which was developed by Yuker et al. (1970) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (1977) was employed. In the findings acquired in the study, it was detected that a statistically meaningful difference existed in the inability dimension according to grade variable (F(2,117)=9,149; p<0.05). In the LSD tests carried out in order to find the cause of the difference, it was observed that students from 1st grade expressed a more positive opinion compared to students from 2nd and 3rd grades. In the sample group, it was determined that with increasing levels of grades, the general attitude toward individuals with disabilities were affected negatively. As a result, various studies should be carried out in order to determine the causes of the negative attitudes of students who receive sports education in these departments. Additionally, studies can be carried out on the subjects of curriculum preparation, student admission, experiences of academic staff and physical condition

Deaf athlete: is there any difference beyond the hearing loss?

Regular physical activity and sport is important for enhanced physical fitness and skill performance of deaf athletes. However there are few data in the literature about their medical considerations. In this study we aimed to determine the morphological findings and cardiac status of the deaf athletes and compare them with the normal ones. Thirty deaf and twenty-two normal male athletes without cardiovascular diseases participated in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography and exercise stress testing were performed. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) was also evaluated. VO2 max and heart rate recovery were calculated after exercise stress testing. Total cholesterol, LDL and trigliseride levels were significantly increased in the deaf athletes, but they were still found to be in normal ranges according to age and risk factor profile (p< 0.05). End-diastolic diameter and left ventricular mass index were found to be significantly increased in the controls when compared with the deaf athletes (p< 0.001). Heart rate recovery at 1 minute did not show any difference in the deaf group when compared with the control group (p> 0.05). MPI calculated from TDI-derived variables was found to be 0.41±0.073 in the deaf group and 0.46±0.061 in the controls respectively and significantly decreased in the deaf (p < 0.05). Beyond having a hearing loss, the deaf athletes have many cardiac structural and functional differences from their normal counterparts. The factors that give rise to these differences have to be revealed by further research

Comparison of max vo2 levels of elite and deaf footballers

The aim of this study is to determine the endurance performance of the players of the hearing handicapped football team and compare it with those professional players in the same age group playing in Turkish 1st and 3rd leagues For this purpose the players of teams in the Turkish first and the third divisions and the Turkish national hearing handicapped football team who won the world championship in 2012 were subjected to shuttle run and their maximum speeds, hearth rates, and maximum oxygen consumption rates (max VO2) were determine. At the end of the study all these three parameters of the hearing handicapped team were found to be lower with a statistically significance extent than the values obtained from the two professional teams(p<0.01) This can be attributed to selection of the players of the handicapped team from a much smaller group of players , the lack of training and competitions and they were forced to work in different jobs due the fact that the economic income they obtained from the sport was not sufficient enough

A Review of Self-esteem of the Hearing Impaired Football Players

Abstract The current study aimed at reviewing the level of self-esteem of the hearing impaired football players. The sample of the study was composed of 95 football players who played in the 1 st hearing impaired football league. To gather the study-data; a Personal Information Form and Self-esteem Scale were used. The data obtained were analyzed through statistical software. It was seen that self-esteem of the participant hearing impaired football players were moderate. It was found that no statistically significant differences existed among the mean self-esteem scores of the hearing impaired football players in terms of age, sportive age, educational status and living-place variables

The effects of 12-week regular aerobic and resistance exercises on the body composition of middle-aged men and women

12 haftalık düzenli aerobik ve direnç egzersizlerinin orta yaş erkek ve kadınların vücut bileşimlerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya gönüllü 46 erkek (yaş: 33.8 ± 6.6 yıl, Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ): 27.9 ± 12.8 kg/m2 ) ve 29 kadın (yaş: 34.7 ± 4.5 yıl, BKİ: 26.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2 ) olmak üzere toplam 75 sedanter denek katılmıştır. Antrenmanın şiddeti % 60- 70 olarak Karvonen metodu ile belirlendi. 12 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 gün, aerobik ve direnç egzersizleri ile çalışmalardan önce ısınma ve sonunda soğuma egzersizleri yaptırılmıştır. Deneklerin egzersiz programı öncesi ve sonrası vücut kompozisyonları, kan basınçları, el kavrama kuvveti ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Deneklerin ön ve son test karşılaştırmaları SPSS 11.0 paket programı kullanılarak paried t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Orta yaş kadın ve erkeklere uygulanan 12 haftalık aerobik ve direnç egzersizlerinin vücut ağırlığı (VA), BKİ, vücut yağ oranı (VYO), yağsız kas kitlesi (YKK), bel çevresi (BÇ), kalça çevresi (KÇ), bel-kalça oranı (BKO), el kavrama kuvveti (EKK), sistolik kan basıncı (SKB) ve diastolik kan basıncı (DKB) parametrelerinde istatistikî açıdan son testler lehine anlamlı farklılıklar meydana getirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayalı olarak orta yaşlı erkek ve kadınlarda yapılan düzenli aerobik ve direnç egzersizlerinin deneklerin vücut kompozisyonları üzerinde olumlu etki yaptığı saptanmıştır.This study was done purpose to investigate the effects of 12-week regular aerobic and resistance exercises on the body composition of middle-aged men and women. A total of 75 volunteer sedentary subjects including 46 male (aged 33.8 ± 6.6 year, with Body Mass Index (BMI)= 27.9 ± 12.8 kg/m2 ) and 29 female (aged 34.7 ± 4.5 year, BMI= 26.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2 ) were involved in the study. Intensity of exercise was % 60-70 that was determined by Karvonen method. The subjects were made to perform aerobic and resistance exercises 3 day a week for 12 weeks as well as some warm-up and cool-down exercises before and after main exercises. The subjects were tested before and after the exercise program for their body compositions, blood pressures, grid strength, and the values were recorded. Subjects; pre- and post-test scores were analyzed with paired samples t-test using SPSS 11.0 software It was found that the 12-week regular aerobic and resistance exercises applied on middle-aged men and women have caused significant differences in some parameters including the body weigh (BW), BMI, body fat ratio (BFR), fat free body mass (FFBM), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), hand grip strength (HGS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in favour of post-test scores. According to research results, it is identified that regular aerobic and resistance exercises had positive results on body compositions of the middle aged men and women subjects

THE COMPARISON OF SOME PHYSICAL, PHYSIOLOGIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF JUNİOR MALE NATIONAL AND AMATEUR BADMINTON PLAYERS

Bu çalışmada; yıldız milli ve amatör düzeyde erkek badmintoncuların bazı fiziksel, fizyolojik ve antropometrik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Araştırmaya gönüllü 10 yıldız milli (yaş:11.20 ± 0.6) ve 10 amatör (yaş:11.80 ± 0.63) erkek badmintoncu olmak üzere 20 sporcu katıldı. İstatistiksel veriler SPSS paket programında Mann Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi. Yıldız milli ile amatör sporcular arasında fiziksel ve fizyolojik testlerden 30, 60 m, zik-zak (4x10m), pençe kuvveti, dikey sıçrama ve reaksiyon zamanı testlerinden sağ, sol el ışık, sol el ve sol ayak ses testi parametreleri yönünden mili sporcular lehine anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Milli sporcular ile amatör sporcular arasında yapılan antropometrik ölçümlerden vücut yağ oranı ile çevre ölçümlerinden karın çevresi ölçümlerinde milli sporcular lehine anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Badminton milli ve amatör sporculara yapılan ölçümlerden omuz, göğüs, kalça, üst kol, üst ve alt bacak çevresi, otur uzan esnekliği, anaerobik güç, sağ el ve sağ ayak ses, sağ ve sol ayak ışık reaksiyon testleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak; araştırmada karşılaştırılan yıldız milli ve amatör sporcular arasındaki farkın nedeni, yıldız milli düzeyde sporcu olabilmek belli düzeyde fiziksel, fizyolojik ve antropometrik parametrelere sahip olmayı gerektirmektedir.The aim of this study was the comparison of some physical, physiologic and anthropometric parameters of junior national and amateur level male badminton players. For volunteering purpose 20 sportsmen were participated 10 national Junior (age:11.20 ± 0.6) and 10 amateur (age:11.80 ± 0.63). The statistical analysis was evaluated by the use of SPSS package program containing Mann Whitney U test. The physical and physiological tests were done among national and amateur sportsmen, 30, 60 m, Zig-zag (4x10m), vertical jump and an important difference was found in the reaction time tests of right, left hand light, left hand ve left foot sound test parameters of the national sportsmen. As for the anthropometric measurements which were done between national and amateur sportsmen an important difference was determined in body fat rate with circumference measurement of waist measurement. The measurement were done the Badminton National and amateur sportsmen: An important difference was not found among shoulder, chest, hip, upper arm and leg, lower leg circumference, sit and reach flexibilty, anaerobic strength, right hand and right foot sound, right and left foot light reaction tests. As a result: In this research the comparison among the national junior and amateur sportsmen, it is seen that to be a national junior level sportsman it is neccesary to have a certain level of physical, physiological and anthropometric paramaters.