When a urological emergency indicates an internal medical crisis : Priapism as the first clinical manifestation of leukemia

Der Priapismus als klinische Manifestation einer hämatologischen Erkrankung ist selten. In diesem Fall liegt ein sowohl urologischer als auch internistischer Notfall vor, der einer umgehenden Therapie bedarf. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den klinischen Fall eines Priapismus als Erstmanifestation einer bis dahin nicht diagnostizierten chronisch-myeloischen Leukämie (CML) und erläutert die Resultate einer Literaturrecherche zu dieser Thematik.Priapism as a sign of a severe hematological disease is a rare event, which has to be considered as both a urological and a hematological emergency that requires immediate treatment. This article describes a clinical case of priapism as the first clinical manifestation of a hitherto undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and discusses the results of a literature review on this topic

Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation

NLRP3-inflammasome-driven inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Identification of endogenous inflammasome activators is essential for the development of new anti-inflammatory treatment strategies. Here, we identified that apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes by inducing an alternative NLRP3 inflammasome via caspase-8 and dimerization of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Alternative inflammasome activation in human monocytes is mediated by the Toll-like receptor adapter protein SCIMP. This triggers Lyn/Syk-dependent calcium entry and the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of caspase-8. In humanized mouse models, ApoC3 activated human monocytes in vivo to impede endothelial regeneration and promote kidney injury in an NLRP3- and caspase-8-dependent manner. These data provide new insights into the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathophysiological role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing ApoC3. Targeting ApoC3 might prevent organ damage and provide an anti-inflammatory treatment for vascular and kidney diseases