Punctured Turbo Codes for Bandwidth-efficient Transmission

Turbo codes are the error-coding schemes applied nowadays in wireless networks. In navalapplications, the information is mostly sent through wireless networks and the data is moreprone to noise. Since very important data has to be communicated, it is necessary to get backthe original data in the receiver. In military applications also, the soldiers wear electronic jacketswhich are connected by wireless networks. In such applications, the data loss is not affordableand there is also a need to utilise the bandwidth efficiently through puncturing by means ofwhich certain bits are deleted before transmission from the output of encoder. By means of thispunctured turbo codes, bandwidth-efficient coding is achieved. Hence, it is necessary to designturbo codes with an efficient puncturing pattern so that the performance of the punctured codeis also improved in spite of deletion of few bits before transmission. This paper deals in choosingthe puncturing patterns that lead to systematic rate-compatible punctured turbo codes (RCPTCs)which also give a reduction in bit-error rate. The design criterion for choosing the best puncturingpatterns is based on the minimum weight of code words and their multiplicities. The best puncturingpattern chosen is tested for its performance by simulating turbo codes for an additive whiteGaussian noise (AWGN ) channel. Compared with the existing puncturing pattern, the patternproposed is able to achieve a gain of 0.5 dB at a bit-error rate of 10-3

Conservation of fauna of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve – An overview

The Indian Government has established 18 Biosphere reserves in India which protect larger areas of natural habitat and often include one or more National parks. Seshachalam hills, the first Biosphere Reserve in Andhra Pradesh, is located in southern Eastern Ghats of Chittoor and Kadapa districts. It is the richest floristic hot spot harboring many endemic and rare plants. Five Gecko species were recorded in this reserve, out of that the Golden Gecko Calodactylodes aureus are rare and endemic species in the biosphere reserve.12 species of lizards and 22 species of snakes are found Seshachalam Biosphere. The protection of habitat is an important aspect in the conservation of such species. The biospheres are sites where protection is granted to the flora and fauna of the protected region. Each biosphere reserve is intended to fulfil 3 basic functions such as conservative, development and logistic functions. The Wildlife is a potential source of useful products of global interest. Wildlife is nature’s gift and its decline has an adverse effect on ecology and hence there is an urgent need to protect the Wildlife. An awareness should be developed among the general public about the proper management and the necessity of conservation of natural ecosystem and wild Communities of plants and animals they contain. To ensure this certain legal steps are to be taken up by the Government to regulate the exploitation of Wildlife

A Study of Challenges and Recommendations for Teaching: DevOps Education

DevOps has gained significant popularity in the software industry due to its ability to enhance collaboration, improve software delivery, and drive organizational agility. However, providing effective education and training in DevOps poses several Issue. This research paper presents an interview study conducted with a seasoned DevOps professional to explore the challenges faced in DevOps education and provide recommendations for addressing these challenges. The study highlights the evolving nature of the DevOps landscape, the interdisciplinary nature of DevOps, and the need for hands-on learning experiences. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous curriculum updates, practical exercises, cross-functional collaboration, industry partnerships, and fostering a continuous learning mindset. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of the unique challenges and recommendations for improving DevOps education

TOXICITY EVALUATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE TO ALBINO RAT

Objective: The present study was designed to find out the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of ammonium sulfate (inorganic fertilizer) in Wister albino rats.Methods: A single dose of ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water (Milli-Q) and administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 10, 30, 50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose giventime, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of rats departed in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.Results: The obtained results were evaluated by the Statistical Probit Analysis Method and 48 hrs LD value for albino rats was found to be 91.5 mg/kg. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, there is no morality and toxic behaviors were observed. Therefore, this concentration is considered as no observed adverse effect level dose. Conclusion: From the earlier consequences, identification and evaluation of the LD50 50 against ammonium sulfate is crucial for understanding thehyperammonemia because ammonium sulfate has been highly utilized as inorganic fertilizer in agriculture and household gardens. Thus, theknowledge about toxic impacts of ammonia useful for clinical or toxicological approaches; however, the toxicity data are unclear. Hence, the in vitroLD 50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy.Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect level.50 Objective:Thepresentstudywasdesignedtofindouttheacutemedianlethaldose(LD )ofammoniumsulfate(inorganicfertilizer)inWisteralbinorats.  Methods:Asingledoseofammoniumsulfatedissolvedindistilledwater(Milli-Q)andadministeredintraperitoneallyatconcentrationsof10,30,50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose given time, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of rats departed in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.  50 Results:  The  obtained  results  were  evaluated  by  the  Statistical  Probit  Analysis  Method  and  48  hrs  LD  value  for  albino  rats  was  found  to be91.5mg/kg.Atasingledoseof10mg/kg,thereisnomoralityandtoxicbehaviorswereobserved.Therefore,thisconcentrationisconsideredas no observed adverse effect level dose.  50 Conclusion:Fromtheearlierconsequences,identificationandevaluationoftheLD  againstammoniumsulfateiscrucialforunderstandingthe hyperammonemiabecauseammoniumsulfatehasbeenhighlyutilizedasinorganicfertilizerinagricultureandhouseholdgardens.Thus,the knowledgeabouttoxicimpactsofammoniausefulforclinicalortoxicologicalapproaches;however,thetoxicitydataareunclear.Hence,theinvitroLD 50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy. Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect leve

Influence of Air pollution on Central Nervous System –An Overview

Air pollution is a multifaceted environmental toxin capable of assaulting the CNS through diverse pathways. Air pollution is a complex mixture of environmental toxicants that assault the CNS through several cellular and molecular pathways to cause disease. Air pollution effects cross from the periphery to the brain through systemic inflammation, and translocation of nanoparticles to the brain, where both the physical characteristics of the particle itself and the toxic compounds adsorbed on the particle may cause damage. Air pollution has also been associated with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Air pollution causes neuroin?ammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier contribute to CNS pathology. The central nervous system (CNS) is the target organ for the detrimental effects of airborne pollutants. Air pollutants such as gases (e.g., ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides), organic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and bacterial endotoxins), and toxic metals (e.g., vanadium, lead, nickel, copper, and manganese) that can be found in outdoor and indoorair affect the CNS. Air pollution is a global problem and has become one of the major issues of public health as well as climate and environmental protection. Heavy traffic causes Air pollution, those effects on CNS damage and that there is a clear link between air pollution and neurological diseases. Understanding of the mediators and mechanisms of CNS injury due to air pollution will help to develop preventive and treatment strategies for the protection of individuals at risk

Improvement of two traditional Basmati rice varieties for bacterial blight resistance and plant stature through morphological and marker-assisted selection

Bacterial blight (BB) is a major production threat to Basmati, the aromatic rice prized for its unique quality. In order to improve the BB resistance of two elite, traditional BB-susceptible Basmati varieties (Taraori Basmati and Basmati 386), we utilized the strategy of limited marker-assisted backcrossing for introgression of two major BB resistance genes, Xa21 and xa13, coupled with phenotype-based selection for improvement of their plant type and yield. Improved Samba Mahsuri, an elite high-yielding, fine-grain-type BB-resistant rice variety served as donor for BB resistance. Backcross-derived improved Basmati lines at BC1F5 possessing a single resistance gene (i.e. either Xa21 or xa13) displayed moderate resistance to BB, while lines possessing both Xa21 and xa13 showed significantly higher levels of resistance. Two-gene pyramid lines (Xa21 + xa13) possessing good grain and cooking quality similar to their respective traditional Basmati parents, short plant stature (<110 cm plant height) and higher grain yield than the recurrent parent(s) were identified and advanced. This work demonstrates the successful application of marker-assisted selection in conjunction with phenotype-based selection for targeted introgression of multiple resistance genes into traditional Basmati varieties along with improvement of their plant stature and yield

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures. Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management. Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision. Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed