Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Technical Efficiency and Productivity Loss in China

2007-03This study employs radial efficiency measure of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute output distance functions which can show technical efficiencies for the strong and weak disposability of pollutants. We define the environmental efficiency index (EEI) as the ratio of two technical efficiencies so as to calculate productivity loss which can be estimated as GDP multiplied (1-EEI). The study focuses on 28 provinces and municipalities in China, which are divided into three regions, including the East, the Middle and the West. We find that the East paid the largest cost for environmental regulation among three regions. The rate of productivity loss of the East for environmental regulation is 4.24% while those of the Middle and the West are 1.53% and 1.72%, respectively. In addition, we also find that productivity loss from controlling wastewater is larger that from controlling SO2 for all the country. The rate of productivity loss from environmental regulation for wastewater is 1.43% whereas that from regulation for SO2 is 0.46%.departmental bulletin pape

Solvent-free synthesis and chiroptical properties of a C–N axially chiral cruciform dimer of benzo[b]phenoxazine

Chemical Communications. 2024, 60 (37), P.4946-4949journal articl

保育サービスの現状と課題 : サービス・マーケティング理論の観点から

departmental bulletin pape

アメリカ ニオケル スクール ライブラリアン ノ シカク ト ノウリョク ニカンスル コウサツ : フロリダシュウ ノ ジレイ オ チュウシン ニ

論文application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Intermediate diradical character and thermal cis–trans isomerization of near-infrared absorbing thionated squaraine dyes

Organic Chemistry Frontiers. 2024, 12 (1), P.42-47journal articl

Measurement of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries in B0→ϕKS0, K+K-KS0, and η′KS0 Decays

journal articl

死を迂回する語り : 横光利一「春は馬車に乗つて」における断絶

departmental bulletin pape

Base Composition Profiling of Human Mitochondrial DNA Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Automated Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

We describe an automated system for high-resolution profiling of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) based upon multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by desolvation and direct analysis using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS). The assay utilizes 24 primer pairs that amplify targets in the mtDNA control region, including the hypervariable regions typically sequenced in a forensic analysis. Profiles consisting of product base compositions can be stored in a database, compared to each other, and compared to sequencing results. Approximately 94% of discriminating information obtained by sequencing is retained with this technique. The assay is more discriminating than sequencing minimum HV1 and HV2 regions because it interrogates more of the mitochondrial genome. A profile compared to a population database can be subjected to the same statistics used for assessing the significance of concordant mtDNA sequences. The assay is not hindered by length heteroplasmy, can directly analyze template mixtures, and has a sensitivity of 99% of trials producing a full profile with automated analysis. The technique has direct application to analysis of forensic biological evidence

Base compositions of the PCR amplicons generated using primer pairs VIR982, VIR985, VIR979, and VIR988.

<p>Within each column, identical base compositions for different isolates for a particular primer pair are shown grouped by the same color. DNP (did not prime) indicates that a PCR amplicon was not generated using the specified primer pair and viral DNA. The numbers in the columns under the primer pair ID indicates the numbers of each base (A, G, C, and T) in the PCR amplicons generated from the target virus. Signature source indicates whether the base composition signatures were determined from sequence or experimentally using viral genomic DNA.</p

Organisms tested in analytical studies.

The four core organisms are shown in bold, with LODs in blood and buffer shown in parentheses (blood LOD in CFU per ml / buffer LOD in CFU per ml). The LOD of 19 further organisms in buffer are also shown in parentheses. Remaining organisms shown in blue and purple were tested and detected in 2/2 replicates at either 100 CFU/ml (all except Bacteroides fragilis) or 200 CFU/ml (Bacteroides fragilis). *Indicates bioinformatic “worst-case scenario” organisms, for which the broad-spectrum primers used in the IRIDICA BAC BSI Assay are the least well-matched.</p