LHC Forward Physics

The goal of this report is to give a comprehensive overview of the rich field of forward physics, with a special attention to the topics that can be studied at the LHC. The report starts presenting a selection of the Monte Carlo simulation tools currently available, chapter 2, then enters the rich phenomenology of QCD at low, chapter 3, and high, chapter 4, momentum transfer, while the unique scattering conditions of central exclusive production are analyzed in chapter 5. The last two experimental topics, Cosmic Ray and Heavy Ion physics are presented in the chapter 6 and 7 respectively. Chapter 8 is dedicated to the BFKL dynamics, multiparton interactions, and saturation. The report ends with an overview of the forward detectors at LHC. Each chapter is correlated with a comprehensive bibliography, attempting to provide to the interested reader with a wide opportunity for further studies.Peer Reviewe

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Fast-timing lifetime measurements of excited states in Cu-67

The half-lives of the 9/2(+), 13/2(+), and 15/2(+) yrast states in the neutron-rich Cu-67 nucleus were determined by using the in-beam fast-timing technique. The experimentally deduced E3 transition strength for the decay of the 9/2(+) level to the 3/2(-) ground state indicates that the wave function of this level might contain a collective component arising from the coupling of the odd proton p(3/2) with the 3(-) state in Ni-66. Theoretical interpretations of the 9/2(+) state are presented within the particle-vibration weak-coupling scheme involving the unpaired proton and the 3(-) state from Ni-66 and within shell-model calculations with a Ni-56 core using the jj44b residual interaction. The shell model also accounts reasonably well for the other measured electromagnetic transition probabilities

Evaluation and control of the adhesiveness of cohesive calcium carbonate particles at high temperatures

Understanding the adhesiveness of fine particulate materials at high temperatures is important to achieving the stable, economical operation of various industrial systems. In the present research, two types of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles having different mean particle sizes (often used as heat carriers in energy systems) were evaluated. The tensile strengths of beds of these materials were determined at various temperatures by tensile strength measurement tester. The adhesiveness was found to increase greatly at 500 °C even without chemical reactions or sintering, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed thermal expansion of the CaCO3 crystals at 500 °C. Pure alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) microparticles did not exhibit the same pronounced increases in tensile strength or crystal expansion at this same temperature. Because the surface distances between these primary particles were presumably small, it is proposed that van der Waals forces between the particles greatly increased at high temperatures. The addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles to the CaCO3 decreased the tensile strengths of the powder beds both at ambient temperature and at 500 °C. The experimental data confirm that the surface distances between primary particles were increased upon incorporating the nanoparticles, such that the tensile strength decreased during heat treatment

Probing particle-phonon-coupled states in the neutron-rich nucleus Cu-65 by lifetime measurements with fast-timing techniques

The Cu-65 nucleuswas populated by the Ni-64(Li-7,alpha 2n)Cu-65 reaction and the lifetime of the 9/2(+) state at 2.5 MeV was measured by electronic fast-timing technique, providing the value tau = 37(3) ps. The reduced transition probability B(E3) = 8.82(165) W.u. is deduced and compared to theoretical predictions in the framework of a particle-vibration (weak) coupling model. The results indicate that the 9/2(+) state is a member of the 3(-)circle times pi p3/2 multiplet, built by coupling the octupole 3(-) phonon of Ni-64 to an unpaired proton in the p(3/2) level, confirming the robustness of core excitations in the medium mass nucleus Ni-64

Tensile and fatigue strength of hydrogen-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Tensile, fatigue and fractographic data on Ti-6Al-4V microstructures attained through a series of post-β-annealing treatments which used hydrogen as a temporary alloying element are presented. Hydrogen-alloying treatments break up the continuous grain boundary α and colony structure, and produce a homogeneous microstructure consisting of refined α-grains in a matrix of discontinuous β. These changes in microstructural morphology result in significant increases of the yield strength (974 to 1119 MPa), ultimate strength (1025 to 1152 MPa) and high cycle fatigue strength (643 to 669 MPa) compared to respective values for lamellar microstructures (902, 994, 497 MPa). The strengths are also significantly greater than the strengths of equiaxed microstructures (914, 1000, 590 MPa). The strengths of hydrogen-alloy treated samples are therefore superior to strengths attainable via other thermal cycling techniques.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44703/1/10853_2004_Article_BF00576523.pd