Positron production in multiphoton light-by-light scattering

A signal of 106 {+-} 14 positrons above background has been observed in collisions of a low-emittance 46.6-GeV electron beam with terawatt pulses from a Nd:glass laser at 527 nm wavelength in an experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. Peak laser intensities of {approximately} 1.3 {times} 10{sup 18} W/cm{sup 2} have been achieved corresponding to a value of 0.3 for the parameter {Upsilon} = {var_epsilon}*/{var_epsilon}{sub crit} where {var_epsilon}* = 2{gamma}{var_epsilon}{sub lab} is the electric field strength of the laser transformed to the rest frame of the electron beam and {var_epsilon}{sub crit} = m{sup 2}c{sup 3}/e{bar h} = 1.3 {times} 10{sup 16} V/cm is the QED critical field strength. The positrons are interpreted as arising from a two-step process in which laser photons are backscattered to GeV energies by the electron beam followed by a collision between the high-energy photon and several laser photons to produce an electron-positron pair. These results are the first laboratory evidence for a light-by-light scattering process involving only real photons

Performance of Equal Phase-Shift Search for One Iteration

Grover presented the phase-shift search by replacing the selective inversions by selective phase shifts of $\pi /3$. In this paper, we investigate the phase-shift search with general equal phase shifts. We show that for small uncertainties, the failure probability of the Phase-$\pi /3$ search is smaller than the general phase-shift search and for large uncertainties, the success probability of the large phase-shift search is larger than the Phase-$\pi /3$ search. Therefore, the large phase-shift search is suitable for large-size of databases.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Colonel John Crowell, representatives of.

30-2Indian AffairsReport : Claim of of the Heirs of Col. Crowell. [545] Dsibursal of money to the Creeks while an Indian agent in 1826; negotiated the treaty of 1826.1849-5

Joseph S. Martin

27-2Invalid PensionsReport : Petition of J. Martin. [407] Creek campaign of 1836.1842-1

Mendocino Indian reservation. Resolutions of the Legislature of California, asking that Mendocino Indian reservation be abandoned, and the lands be opened for pre-emption

40-2Indian AffairsResolution of the California Legis. [1350] The abandoned Mendocino Indian reservation should be opened to settlers.1868-8

Test of QED at critical field strength

In a new experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC, a low-emittance 46.6 GeV electron beam is brought into collision with terawatt pulses of 1,054 nm or 527 nm wavelength from a Nd:glass laser. Peak laser intensities of 10{sup 18} W/cm{sup 2} have been achieved corresponding to a value of 0.6 for the parameter {eta} = e{var_epsilon}m{omega}{sub 0}c. In this case, an electron that crosses the center of the laser pulse has near-unit interaction probability. Results are presented for multiphoton Compton scattering in which an electron interacts with up to four laser photons, in agreement with theoretical calculations

KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PROSES PRODUKSI, PENGOLAHAN DAN DISTRIBUSI PADA INDUSTRI OLAHAN TRADISIONAL HASIL PERIKANAN DI KOTA TARAKAN

Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hasil perikanan sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 38 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pembagian Urusan Pemerintahan Antara Pemerintah, Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi, Dan Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota, bahwa satu diantara kewenangan pengelola sumber daya adalah dalam hal kegiatan ekploitasi dan pengelolaan kekayaan laut, keterkaitannya sangat erat sekali dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan, Salah satu potensi unggulan daerah Kota Tarakan yang sudah sekian lama menjadi ciri khas daerah adalah sentra industri pengolahan ikan kering tipis (ikan pepija/Harpodon Neherius Hambuck). Namun sebagaimana halnya produk olahan tradisional pada umumnya, produk olahan ikan kering tipis inipun dalam pengolahannya ditangani secara turun temurun dengan kualitas / mutu serta jaminan keamanannya masih rendah, rendahnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman sumberdaya manusia akan proses dan prosedur penangganan produk ikan yang layak dan baik. Sehingga perlakuannya tidak terukur secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif, akibatnya produk yang dihasilkan jauh dari Jaminan mutu dan keamanan pangan, terutama dalam aspek penerapan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan mulai dari proses pengolahan, pengolahan hingga distribusi atau pemasaran hasil produk tersebut. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach ) dan pendekatan kasus(case approach) dan disajikan dalam bentuk diskriptif analitik dengan memaparkan gambaran hasil dari penelitian ini secara jelas sesuai dengan pendekatan yang dilakukan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan; (1) bahwa konsep pengelolaan hasil perikanan berdasarkan kewenangan pemerintah daerah kota Tarakan belum terkonsep secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan, Hal ini terkait dari lembaga yang terlibat dalam pengawasan mutu dan keamanan hasil produk perikanan belum dapat berperan sebagaimana mestinya serta harmonis dan terpadu. (2) Upaya pemerintah Kota Tarakan dalam Pengendalian Jaminan Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan pengolahan tradisional hasil perikanan khusus produk ikan kering tipis adalah melalui penegakkan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku belum diterapkan dan ditegakkan secara optimal dalam penerapannya terhadap mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan.belum maksimal dimanfaatka

Resolutions of the Assembly of Wiskonsin

26-1JudiciaryMemorial of the Wisconsin Assembly. [365] Fort Snelling reservation; Sioux treaty of 1837.1840-7

Letter from the Secretary of the Interior, submitting an amendment to Indian Appropriation Bill, asking an appropriation to extinguish rights to hunt, under treaty of April 29, 1868, with Sioux Indians

43-2AppropriationsLetter on the Sioux. [1648] Appropriation for presents meant to extinguish Sioux rights to hunt in Wyoming which are granted to them under the treaty of 29 Apr. 1868.1875-5

Supplemental list of claims allowed. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a supplemental list of claims allowed by accounting officers of the Treasury, under appropriations which are now exhausted.

48-1AppropriationsSupplemental List of Claims Allowed. [2207] Rogue River Indian war.1884-16