Hyperglycemia Induction in HepG2 Cell Line

Background: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM+0.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Training Method and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Metamemory in the Students with Special Learning Disorders

Background: The present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive training method and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the metamemory in the students with special learning disorders. Methods: The study has been conducted based on a semi-experimental design of pretest-posttest type with control group. Forty-five students were selected based on a purposive sampling method and assigned to two groups, a control group and an experimental group (each containing 15 individuals) based on a simple randomized method. One of the experimental groups received cognitive training for a period of 20 to 30 sessions, each 45 minutes (twice a week) and the other group was subjected to transcranial direct current stimulation for 20 minutes during ten consecutive days. The statistical method of choice was multivariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: The results of data analysis using covariance analysis indicated that both of the cognitive training method and the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were effective in the metamemory (Pvalue<0.01). Conclusions: Cognitive training and the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) methods can be applied for improving the metamemory in students with special learning disabilities.  Keywords: Metamemory, Cognitive training, Learning disabilities, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Hyperglycemia Induction in HepG2 Cell Line

Background: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM+0.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

Bullying By Teachers: Preventative Measures in Hogwarts

In our case study, the Battle of Hogwarts, we decided to address the problem of bullying by teachers against students in the forms of discrimination, indoctrination, and maltreatment of students and how that might result in negative educational outcomes such as a lack of self-esteem, racist beliefs, discrimination, and stress. Students who were bullied before, during, and after the battle may have long-lasting problems that resulted from such instances of mistreatment. For example, professors such as Snape and the Carrows discriminated against Muggle-born students like Hermione. During the take-over of Hogwarts by the Death Eaters, Defense Against the Dark Arts was changed to the Dark Arts, therefore indoctrinating the students to Voldemort’s belief system. Finally, the use of the Cruciatus curse on misbehaving students was a form of maltreatment perpetrated by professors of Hogwarts. After reviewing the literature, as the founders of the New Age of Hogwarts, we have proposed a multidimensional and holistic solution that we will describe after defining our subject matter

Investigating the Mediatory Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the Relationship between Self-Perception, Peer Support, and Subjective Well-Being in Visually Impaired Teenagers

Background: Subjective well-being is considered as one of the most important measures for the health of a society, and it refers to emotional improvement to be able to enjoy life. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the mediatory role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between self-perception, peer support, and subjective well-being in visually impaired teenagers. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all female students with visual impairment in Kermanshah city and 176 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Self-Concept Scale, the Peer Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software. Results: The results showed that all the direct paths, except for the path from self-perception to subjective well-being, were significant (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the indirect paths through self-efficacy beliefs to subjective well-being were also significant (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit, and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the subjective well-being of adolescents with visual impairment. Keywords: Visual impairment, Subjective well-being, Self-perception, Peer support, Self-efficacy beliefs

The Effect of Four Months of Core Stability Training on Femoral Bone Mineral Density and Lower Extremity Muscles Strength in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease associated with a gradual decline of bone density, as well as a characteristic reduction of bone rigidity and an increased risk of fractures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four months of core stability training on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur neck and lower extremity muscles strength in postmenopausal women.  Methods: This study was an interventional semi-experimental one designed with a pre-test/post-test approach. Overall, 30 postmenopausal women aged 48 to 58 years were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into two groups of core stability exercise (weight= 70.73 ± 12.57 Kg) and control (weight= 77.86 ± 7.19 Kg) groups. The participants of the core stability group performed the exercise protocol three times a week for four months. These exercises consisted of five levels, and based on the gradual progress principle, their intensity was gradually increased over the four months during the study. The participants of the control group did not perform any exercise during the study. The BMD of the dominant femur neck was measured by a Dexa device, and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip was measured by a manual dynamometer. Data analysis was performed applying paired and independent-sample t-test in SPSS23 software. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: The results of paired samples t-test showed that the BMD of the femur neck significantly increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0.001) and significantly decreased in the control group (Pvalue=0.045) at the post-test compared to the pre-test. Also in intra-group comparison, the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip significantly were increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0.001 and 0.001, respectively). While there was not such a significant change in the control group. On the other hand, based on the results of the independent samples t-test, the femur neck BMD (Pvalue=0.007) and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip (Pvalue=0.001 and 0.001, respectively) significantly increased in the core stability compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that core stability exercises can be suggested to postmenopausal women as an effective strategy for osteogenic bone behavior and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Keywords: Core stability training, Femur bone mineral density, Lower extremity muscles strength, Postmenopausal wome