Effect of oil mass flow rate on temperature profile in oil wells

In several design calculations including the development of programs to optimize production, engineers and scientists require accurate prediction of temperature drop due to flow in oil wells. The purpose of this research is to create mathematical models to predict the effect of oil mass flow rate on temperature distribution in oil wells. A numerical mathematical model is developed to study the parameters affecting the dynamic and static temperature profiles in oil wells in production and shutting operation. The temperature distribution of the oil from the reservoir to the surface and the temperature distribution in the wall tubing of the oil well and casing, cement sheaths, and surrounding formation is studied. The natural flow of oil wells in Alwahat area located 70 Kilometres south of Marada area east of Libya in the Zaggut field called (6Q1-59) is taken as a study case. In production case, different mass flow rates in winter and summer seasons are studied. The temperature profile in the horizontal direction is estimated at different depths. The Results show that the surface temperature of crude oil increases with the rise in mass flow rate

Failure Mechanism of Two-Phase Syntactic Foam Polymer Composites under Different Coating Conditions

In this study, the impact of coated hollow microsphere (HMs) on syntactic foams (SFs) failure analysis is performed. The HMs was made from polystyrene beads and were coated with CaCO3 and cementite powder to produce the SFs by Vacuum Assisted Mould Fill Technique (VAMFT). The morphological analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the compressive test conducted using INSTRON 5982 machine model. From the results, the HMs failure mechanism showed the cementite surface coating enhanced the shell-rigidity by 65%. The physical and compressive properties of the SFs increased with increase in % vol. fraction of the HMs. The SFs compressive modulus, flexural strength and tensile strength for the CaCO3 and cementite specimen are 470, 44, 36 MPa and 582, 48, 41 MPa, respectively. The energy absorption characteristic of the SFs was enhanced by 14% and 25% for the CaCO3 and cementite HMs surface coating, respectively. But the optimal concentration for the SFs was 20% vol. weight for both HMs coating

Ionic Surface Dielectric Properties Distribution on Reservoir Sandstone

The petrophysical and dielectric properties for both carbonate and saturated sandstone with monovalent and divalent electrolyte they are accurately modeling of anisotropic dielectric properties has been the major research area in oil and gas industries for effective sweep efficiency. The reservoir petrophysical properties consist of cation and anion exchange capacity on a specific area and the sandstone porosity. The transportation of the ions is a charge carrier that mediates conduction in the pore fluids under the electrical double layers that exist between the minerals and the pore fluids interface. The dielectric anisotropic and the frequency-dependent behavior of reservoir sandstone with the minerals will be fully elucidated, it was revealed from the result obtained the effect of the anisotropic dielectric properties on the reservoir sandstone based on the influx of NaCl electrolyte modify the wettability of rock formation from oil-wet to water-wet at 9000 and 11000 ppm concentration with the aids of the electromagnetic field. The resistivity index of the reservoir sandstone reduces with the increase of electrolyte to the system

Simulation and experimental study of the sensor emitting frequency for ultrasonic tomography system in conducting pipe

Ultrasonic tomography techniques provide flow visualization capability, non-invasively and non-intrusively, to enhance the understanding of complex flow processes. There is limited ultrasonic research in tomography imaging systems in the tomogram analysis of fluid flow in a conducting pipe because of a high acoustic impedance mismatch, which means that very little ultrasonic energy can be transmitted through the interface. The majority of industrial pipelines are constructed from metallic composites. Therefore, the development and improvement of ultrasonic measurement methods to accommodate a stainless steel pipe are proposed in this paper. Experimental and simulation distribution studies of the ultrasonic emitting frequency in acrylic versus stainless steel pipes were studied, measured and analyzed. During the simulation, ultrasonic transducers were placed on the surface of the investigated pipe to inspect the ultrasonic sensing field. The distribution of the sound wave acoustic pressure was simulated based on the physical dimensions and parameters of the actual experimental hardware set-up. We developed ultrasonic acoustic models using the finite element method with COMSOL software, and experiments were carried out to validate the simulation results. Finally, by performing the static phantoms tests, a feasibility study of ultrasonic tomography system was presented to investigate the void fraction of liquid column inside a stainless steel pipe

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF NANO-ADDITIVES IN A FLAT-PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR INTEGRATED WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

One of the addressed setbacks in solar water heating is the intermittent nature of solar energy. The objective of this research is to develop and investigates the performance enhancement of flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) and explore the additional enhancement by nano-additive to the TES material and to the heat transfer fluid, i.e., the working fluid. The investigations were carried out by experimental and TRNSYS simulation analysis. For the experimental part, a prototype setup of integrated flat plate solar collector-TES was designed, fabricated and subjected to a measurement program at various operational modes

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF NANO-ADDITIVES IN A FLAT-PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR INTEGRATED WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

One of the addressed setbacks in solar water heating is the intermittent nature of solar energy. The objective of this research is to develop and investigates the performance enhancement of flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) and explore the additional enhancement by nano-additive to the TES material and to the heat transfer fluid, i.e., the working fluid. The investigations were carried out by experimental and TRNSYS simulation analysis. For the experimental part, a prototype setup of integrated flat plate solar collector-TES was designed, fabricated and subjected to a measurement program at various operational modes

Experimental investigation on evacuated tube solar collector using biofluid as heat transfer fluid

Bio-oil extracted from waste of different plant kernel was used as heat transfer fluid in evacuated tube solar collector. Thermal performance of the biofluids to the enhancement of the evacuated tube solar collector under varying weather conditions and experimental analysis was carried-out. Thermal analysis on the storage water tank temperature, outlet and inlet heat transfer fluid temperature, and heat gains by was studied. In addition, the biofluids thermophysical properties and degradation analysis was conducted and compared with conventional base-fluids. From the results the biofluids caused enhancement of heat gain in the collector receiver by 9.5%, 6.4% and 3.2% for moringa oleifera kernel oil (MOKO), date kernel oil (DKO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), respectively. The storage water tank temperature at night fall was 53, 49, 51 and 47oC, for the MOKO, DKO, PKO and water HTFs, respectively. The biofluids were thermal stable and with no degradation. The biofluids demonstrated potentials as heat transfer fluids in thermal applications but there are needs for more investigations on their enhancement with organically synthesized nano particles to preserve there no corrosive and toxicity nature, and experimental performance on heat exchangers after several heating cycles

Effect of Grain Boundary Formation in Microstructural Changes in IN 738 Service Exposed Turbine Blade

Microstructural changes on a Nickel based superalloy service exposed gas turbine blade after 52,000 hours at 720°C temperature was investigated. The study examines the grain boundary growth sizes; the changes with respect to gamma prime (γi) precipitate and phase distributions that occurred during operation. In order to observe the changes some different portions of the turbine blade undergone scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the grain size measurement and the EDX was used to evaluate the elemental analysis. The grain growths were discrete in formation along the grain boundary (GB) and little difference in the size of (γi) precipitates existed in different locations. The gradual transition of grain boundary-carbide morphology from the original fine discrete to fine semi-continuous, continuous film-like and finally coarse is observed in the specimens. The changes mostly evolves around two distinct phases which is from the solid to the equilibrium (sigma coarse phase) and then back to the solid (hardening gamma prime precipitate) phase. The grain size of (γi) precipitate varies throughout the surface of the turbine blade and there is a significant difference between the leading and trailing edge. The microstructural changes on the serviced blade can be interpreted to indicate that no obvious microstructural degradation and phase deformation occurred during exposure time

Performance evaluation of a counter-rotating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) on a moving train

Renewable energies are the types of energy that always exist and environmentally friendly. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy types that can reduce the mass use of fossil fuels as an alternative way to generate electricity. Practically, the Wind turbine is responsible for converting the kinetic energy as the wind act on the blades to generate electrical energy. In this study, the Savonius-type counter-rotating wind turbine has been chosen to study its aerodynamic performance on a moving train. For the simulation, the wind velocities tested start from 50 km/h until 160 km/h with 10 km/h interval between each case while investigating the performance in terms of torque and power output. The designs of the models are developed using Solidworks software and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation software; ANSYS FLUENT was sued to run the simulations. The simulation results such as velocity streamlines, velocity contours, pressure contours and turbulent kinetic energy have been captured to allow the reader to observe the flow applied on the train as well as a wind turbine. The results obtained from the simulation show that the aerodynamic performance in terms of both power and torque output increases as the wind speed on the blades increases

Effect of Grain Boundary Formation in Microstructural Changes in IN 738 Service Exposed Turbine Blade

Microstructural changes on a Nickel based superalloy service exposed gas turbine blade after 52,000 hours at 720°C temperature was investigated. The study examines the grain boundary growth sizes; the changes with respect to gamma prime (γi) precipitate and phase distributions that occurred during operation. In order to observe the changes some different portions of the turbine blade undergone scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the grain size measurement and the EDX was used to evaluate the elemental analysis. The grain growths were discrete in formation along the grain boundary (GB) and little difference in the size of (γi) precipitates existed in different locations. The gradual transition of grain boundary-carbide morphology from the original fine discrete to fine semi-continuous, continuous film-like and finally coarse is observed in the specimens. The changes mostly evolves around two distinct phases which is from the solid to the equilibrium (sigma coarse phase) and then back to the solid (hardening gamma prime precipitate) phase. The grain size of (γi) precipitate varies throughout the surface of the turbine blade and there is a significant difference between the leading and trailing edge. The microstructural changes on the serviced blade can be interpreted to indicate that no obvious microstructural degradation and phase deformation occurred during exposure time