The Relationship Between Alexithymia, Callous Affect, Aggression, and Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood is a term used to define a time of development for college-aged (i.e. aged 18-29 years) individuals experiencing a period of identity exploration, instability, self-focus, feeling ‘in-between’, and a time of possibilities and optimism (Arnett, 2014). During emerging adulthood, it is common for young adults to experience elevated levels of psychopathic traits (Smits, et al. 2011). Psychopathic traits such as callous affect, impulsivity, and narcissism have been known to be a risk factor for aggressive behaviors (Marsee, et al. 2005). It was expected that higher levels of callous affect and Borderline Personality traits would be associated with higher levels of aggression. The study used a correlational design that used a series of self-report surveys to measure alexithymia (Preece, et al, 2018), callous affect (Williams, Paulhus, & Hare, 2007), borderline traits (Lohanan, et al, 2020), emotional regulation (Zeman, et al., 2001, 2002), emerging adulthood (Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007), direct and indirect aggression (Bryant & Smith, 2001), and proactive and reactive aggression (Raine, et al., 2006). The results indicated that while all of the variables measured had a relationship to aggression, callous affect was the main predictive variable that was driving the relationship. In the future, it would be beneficial to examine the relationship alexithymia has to aggression as well as evaluate callous affect and alexithymia in regards to different demographics to determine if these results are generalizable to the whole population

Inclusive Development in Latin America and Smallholders’ Interactive Learning Spaces

Inclusive development appears as a challenge in Latin America countries after the rupture of the social inclusion as a trickle-down effect of the economic growth. Searching development with inclusion several public policies were implemented in Latin American focusing in the agri-food production. In order to assess the progress to reach such objectives, two cases are studied. Smallholder milk producers at the Loma Blanca community (Mexico) and smallholders olive producers at Aimogasta (Argentina) were considered. Interactive learning spaces were clearly identified as consequence of the linking between product, producers and territory. Despite these results, several queries are still opened.Fil: Bastida Mercado, Claudia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; MéxicoFil: García Martínez, Anastacio. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; MéxicoFil: Sanchez, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; Argentina. Universidad de Morón; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentin

The Relationship between Alexithymia, Callous Affect, and Aggressive Behaviors in Emerging Adulthood: Are Aggressive Acts Related to Not Feeling or Not Knowing How You Feel?

During emerging adulthood, it is common for young adults to experience elevated levels of psychopathy in order to develop a sense of identity (Smits, et al. 2011). Psychopathic traits such as callous affect, impulsivity, and narcissism have been known to be a risk factor for aggressive behaviors (Marsee, et al. 2005). In prior research, callous affect has shown to be a driving factor in predicting aggression. Callous affect and Alexithymia are similar in the fact that they both hinder empathy (Young & Kyranides. 2021). Alexithymia, or difficulty accessing one\u27s emotions and understanding how one feels, appears to be another trait that has some predicting value when looking at aggression (Farah, et al. 2018). This study is intended to examine the relationship between Alexithymia, callous affect, aggression, and emerging adulthood. It is expected that subjects who are experiencing lower levels of emerging adulthood would be associated with higher levels of Alexithymia, and would also be associated with a higher level of aggression across all forms of aggressive behaviors measured in the current study (i.e., Proactive, Reactive, Direct, and Indirect). It is also expected higher levels of callous affect and Borderline Personality traits would be associated with higher levels of aggression. It is also expected that those who score higher levels of alexithymia would be associated with lower levels of callous affect and Borderline traits. It is also expected that subjects who score higher in aggression, Callous Affect, Borderline traits, and Alexithymia would be associated with lower levels of emotional regulation

Measuring social capital and innovation in poor agricultural communities: The case of Cháparra, Peru

In the last decades substantive advance has been made in the measurement and understanding of frontier innovation in highly industrialized settings. However, little research focused on the process of learning and the introduction of novelties in smallholder farming of poor agricultural communities. Considering that 1.5 billion people in developing countries live in such smallholder households this is an essential shortcoming. In addressing three crucial questions about the measurement and promotion of endogenous local development this paper contributes to close this research gap. The three questions are: a) how can we measure social capital and innovation in poor agricultural communities, b) what is the impact of external agents on local structures and c) what are the relations between the social capital and the innovative performance of the farmer. In a first step a comprehensive questionnaire with 89 questions on diverse dimensions of social capital and innovation has been elaborated and applied to the agricultural valley of Cháparra in the South of Peru. The results allow for an indepth analysis of the capabilities, network position and innovative behavior of the farmers. In a second step, we apply social network analysis techniques to analyze the role and position of the relevant actors in the local as well as in the external technical information networks with a special focus on the influence of an external NGO. The analysis reveals a deep structural impact of the NGO and significant correlations between the network position of the farmers and their innovative performance. Three crucial issues for research on smallholder innovation are identified. First, diverse dimensions of social capital and innovation have to be differentiated when studying endogenous development. Second, it has to be assessed to which degree the modification of the existing social structures by external agents can be harmful or beneficial. Third, social network analysis can help us to gain a better understanding of the complex relations between social capital and innovation and how these can contribute to foster sustainable development projects. --social capital,innovation,smallholders,Cháparra,Peru,network analysis

"Innovative subsistence strategies" : Neolithic hunting and husbandry at Lake Bienne on the basis of the archaeozoological data of the lakeshore sites of Sutz-Lattrigen (Switzerland)

Swiss Neolithic wetland sites offer an incomparable source of information for prehistoric pile dwellings. The exceptional preservation of organic materials, such as animal bones, antler and plant remains, allow extraordinary insights into the Neolithic life. The preserved wooden posts of the houses make an exact dating of the sites as well as the reconstruction of the settlement patterns possible. The lake-dwellings of Sutz-Lattrigen (Lake Bienne, Switzerland), which are situated at the southern shore of Lake Bienne, provide a rich Neolithic sequence. The economic and environmental data presented here are based on identifications of more than 20,000 animal bones from three Neolithic lake shore settlements dated between 3800-3100 BC (Cortaillod and Horgen cultures). With the aim of reconstructing subsistence practices and environmental conditions, animal bone identification results were compared with other settlements at the Lake of Bienne. The results have proven that chronological and geographical variation of economy and ecology of hunters and herders of the 4th Millennium BC can be reconstructed. The species spectrum indicates a broad exploitation of domestic and wild species. Multiple factors, such as topography, climatic, weather conditions or cultural influences have played a role in the socio-economic society and the clever change in the herd management during the Horgen period is based ultimately on economic imperatives. Additionally, this thesis investigates in the bone and antler tools that have been excavated in the abovementioned settlements. Ca. 1100 pieces show a great variety of raw material usage and in the final form of artefacts produced. Semi-finished objects and production debris have been studied, which helped in reconstructing the modes of production. Tool production consists not only of manufacturing activity aimed at particular tasks, but also comprises traditions of manufacturing know-how in production techniques for exploiting the available fauna resources. Bone tools have been selected from the species based firstly on their physical properties. Antler tools have developed locally at the settlements influenced by people culture and their way of implementing the tools in daily wooden work. The usewear traces observed on the tools have shown broad techniques of hafting. The tools were hafted in a variety of ways using different materials, such as sinew and tar. Most of the bone tools are either points or chisels related to hunting activities and domestic works. While bone tools were employed in domestic and hunting equipment, most of the antler tools were used in agricultural activities, such as clearing land, construction of houses, wooden work etc

Economic growth, innovation systems, and institutional change: a trilogy in five parts

Development and growth are products of the interplay and interaction among heterogeneous actors operating in specific institutional settings. There is a much alluded-to, but under-investigated, link between economic growth, innovation systems, and institutions. There is widespread agreement among most economists on the positive reinforcing link between innovation and growth. However, the importance of institutions as catalysts in this link has not been adequately examined. The concept of innovation systems has the potential to fill this gap. But these studies have not conducted in-depth institutional analyses or focussed on institutional transformation processes, thereby failing to link growth theory to the substantive institutional tradition in economics. In this paper we draw attention to the main shortcomings of orthodox and heterodox growth theories, some of which have been addressed by the more descriptive literature on innovation systems. Critical overviews of the literatures on growth and innovation systems are used as a foundation to propose a new perspective on the role of institutions and a framework for conducting institutional analysis using a multi-dimensional typology of institutions. The framework is then applied to cases of Taiwan and South Korea to highlight the instrumental role played by institutions in facilitating and curtailing economic development and growth

The challenge of measuring innovation in emerging economies' firms: A proposal of a new set of indicators on innovation

The traditional indicators on innovation rely on the linear assumption that research leads to development, centring on the measurement of inputs and outputs. Based on the traditional innovation indicators, recent studies focused on the industrial innovation process at Latin America state that nowadays Latin American firms display a passive role at world’s innovative activities, characterised by the lack of firms’ innovative skills. However, these indicators do not seem to be the most appropriate for measuring innovation, especially in emerging economies’ firms. The focus of this paper is to theoretically propose a set of new indicators on innovation that might be more adequate to the reality of firms located in emerging economies, centring on the way innovation activities process takes place within the firms. In order to do so, the paper searches for support from five approaches of the economic theory. The validation of the suggested set of new indicators could shed some light on the understanding of the innovative performance of emerging economies’ firms.innovation, indicators, economic theory, emerging economies, firms, industrial innovation, enterprises, Latin America

Una mirada al pasado nos proyecta al futuro : innovación y diseño en la industria argentina

La industria argentina ha sufrido avatares por influencia del contexto social, económico y político. En estas circunstancias se desenvuelve el diseño, desempeñando un rol orientado a producir cambios e innovaciones en la industria. A partir de la mirada de objetos que ya son historia, se evidencia que la innovación es un aspecto poco considerado en el ámbito industrial que, sin embargo, puede alcanzarse con la determinación del capital humano, con el rol de Estado y con la voluntad de las empresas. Por todo ello, la innovación es un proceso complejo e interactivo en el que se pone de manifiesto su carácter social.Fil: Braconi, Laura Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Artes y Diseñ

Economic growth, innovation systems, and institutional change: A Trilogy in Five Parts

Development and growth are products of the interplay and interaction among heterogeneous actors operating in specific institutional settings. There is a much alluded-to, but under-investigated, link between economic growth, innovation systems, and institutions. There is widespread agreement among most economists on the positive reinforcing link between innovation and growth. However, the importance of institutions as catalysts in this link has not been adequately examined. The concept of innovation systems has the potential to fill this gap. But these studies have not conducted in-depth institutional analyses or focussed on institutional transformation processes, thereby failing to link growth theory to the substantive institutional tradition in economics. In this paper we draw attention to the main shortcomings of orthodox and heterodox growth theories, some of which have been addressed by the more descriptive literature on innovation systems. Critical overviews of the literatures on growth and innovation systems are used as a foundation to propose a new perspective on the role of institutions and a framework for conducting institutional analysis using a multi-dimensional typology of institutions. The framework is then applied to cases of Taiwan and South Korea to highlight the instrumental role played by institutions in facilitating and curtailing economic development and growth.economics of technology ;