Psoroma femsjonense (Fr.) Trevis., a misunderstood species possibly extinct from Europe

Source at https://nhm2.uio.no/lichens/nordiclichensociety/.Psoroma femsjonense, long considered to be a synonym of P. hypnorum, is shown here to represent a distinct, misunderstood species. The collections seen are from the lowlands of southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, and France. In these areas, the species has not been collected since 1945 and may prove to be regionally extinct from these countries. However, a report indicates that the species has recently been collected in high-altitude steppes in Anatolia of NE Turkey. Psoroma femsjonense is most similar to P. tenue var. tenue, known from Antarctica and adjacent areas of the Southern Hemisphere, and obviously has different climatic demands, in addition to having different apothecium margins and paraphyses. In Europe, P. femsjonense can be distinguished from P. hypnorum by the chestnut-brown thallus, crenulate (but not squamulose) apothecium margins, low perispore verrucae, and the presence of porphyrilic acid methyl ester and pannaric acid in the thallus. Psoroma tenue var. boreale differs from P. femsjonense by the distinct cinnamon-brown colour, strongly glossy thallus, and a predominantly alpine and arctic distribution

Oxybelis aeneus

Number of Pages: 4Integrative BiologyGeological Science

"Whale Island" and the Mackenzie Delta: Charted Errors and Unmapped Discoveries, 1789 to 1850

Presents evidence that this island in Mackenzie Bay, northern Canada, on which Mackenzie camped in 1789 is the Garry Island at 69 29 N, 135 40 W where Franklin camped in 1825. Whale Island was described and drawn by Mackenzie. From his description, which did not agree with his drawing, it was mapped (at approx. 69 07 - 69 14 N) by Franklin who did not see the island. When aerial photography of 1939-1945, revealed the area to be delta country, the island was removed from the charts and its name rescinded, on the theory that is had been engulfed by the growing delta. This theory is refuted and the identify of Whale as Garry Island established by observations of W.J.S. Pullen in 1850, who did not however, chart the delta. Also treated in Beaver 1963, no. 294, p 54-55

An early measuring of the Holy City, forgotten for over a century: Westphal’s Jerusalem map of 1825

In 1822 and 1823 three young German scholars, Peter von Medem, Gustav Parthey and Johann Heinrich Westphal, undertook a research expedition to Egypt and Palestine. One major result of this journey was a very accurate map of Jerusalem: “Jerusalem und seine nächsten Umgebungen” (“Jerusalem and its environs”), published in 1825 by Heinrich Berghaus in his journal Hertha. Together with Franz Wilhelm Sieber’s plan of 1818 this map belongs to the very first “modern” maps of Jerusalem, based on measurements and new scientific research results. In addition, the sketches, as well as extracts from Parthey’s and von Medem’s diaries, formed the material for Berghaus’ memoir to his Map of Syria in 1835. This article deals with the background of the voyage, the production, publication and reception of the map, and the complex network of actors involved, based on recently discovered archival sources. Moreover, the map became forgotten in the 19th and 20th centuries. Apart from Berghaus, the map was actually never used by later cartographers of Jerusalem and no longer mentioned in studies concerning the history of the city’s modern cartography

The fall of civil man: Ancient Mexicans and Peruvians in William Robertson’s History of America

De acordo com o expoente historiador escocês do Século das Luzes William Robertson em History of America, o estancamento das artes primárias e o débil e violento caráter selvagem se relacionavam ao incipiente estado de coesão social no Novo Mundo. Mas, devido ao ingrediente das instituições supersticiosas sob controle de líderes sagazes, formas originais de organização política despontaram em horizontes sombrios para conter o selvagem e torná-lo obediente ao trabalho sob técnicas primitivas e defectivas. Nessas situações, a regra da liderança indígena seria o terror, no caso do governo de Motecuzoma no México, ou a cega submissão aos incas, no Peru. Os brotos de progresso da América indígena aparecem como cancros de um mundo estagnado que havia sido destruído na conquista espanhola. Se o jesuíta José de Acosta foi uma das principais contribuições para a “queda do homem natural” na época renascentista, o presbiteriano Robertson produziu no Iluminismo a grande história da “queda do homem civil” da América. Ambos os influentes escritores, cada um no seu tempo, contemplaram limites e impasses para os mexicanos e peruanos chegarem à plenitude da vida civil. Robertson, por sua vez, foi influenciado diretamente pelas perspectivas escocesas do progresso por estágios sociais e materiais, assim como pela noção de história providencial. Na History of America, os propalados impérios dos mexicanos e peruanos imantados ao mundo selvagem comportam desvios peculiares e estranhos ao correto progresso das nações.Palavras-chave: mundo selvagem no Iluminismo, os impérios dos mexicanos e peruanos, William Robertson.According to the prominent Scottish historian of the Enlightenment William Robertson in his History of America, the stagnation of primary arts and the feeble and violent savage character of the natives were related to the incipient state of social cohesion in the New World. But due to the addition of superstitious institutions under the control of sagacious leaders, original forms of political organization emerged on dark horizons to contain the savage and make them obedient to working under primitive and defective techniques. In this context, terror would be the rule, as seen in the case of Motecuzoma’s government in Mexico or the blind submission to the Incas in Peru. The shoots of progress of indigenous America appear to be the cancers of the stagnant world that had been destroyed during the Spanish conquest. If the Jesuit José de Acosta was one of the main contributors to the “fall of natural man” in the Renaissance era, the Presbyterian Robertson produced in the Enlightenment the great story of the “fall of civil man” in the Americas. Both influential writers, each in his own time, considered limits and impasses for Mexicans and Peruvians in reaching the fullness of civil life. Robertson, specifically, was directly influenced by Scottish views on progress through social and material stages, as well as the notion of providential history. In History of America, the much-vaunted Mexican and Peruvian empires linked to the savage world peculiarly and strangely turned away from the correct progress of nations.Keywords: savage world in the Enlightenment, Mexican and Peruvian empires, William Robertson

Vieraan silmin : Ruotsin ajan lopun Turku Edward Daniel Clarken matkakertomuksessa

Olen tutkinut pro gradu -työssäni, miten englantilainen Edward Daniel Clarke (1769–1822) kuvasi Turun kaupunkia vuonna 1823 julkaistussa Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia and Africa -matkakertomuksensa Skandinaviaa käsittelevässä teoksen osassa. Olen lähestynyt aihetta neljän aineistosta keskeisesti nousevan näkökulman eli matkanteon, maiseman, sivistyksen ja kulttuurikäsitysten kuvauksen kautta, ja suhteuttanut Clarken Turku-kuvausta teoksen muihin osiin sekä kahteen laajempaan kontekstiin, eli Isossa-Britanniassa vallinneisiin käsityksiin Pohjolasta ja matkakertomuksen lajityypin konventioihin. Clarken Turku-kuvaus ilmentää varhaismodernin ajan matkanteon haasteellisuutta, matkakirjallisuuden moniäänisyyttä ja monenkirjavan kommentoinnin traditiota, romantiikan aikakauden esteettistä makua ja maisemaihanteita, säätyläisten seurustelukulttuurin ylirajaisuutta, sekä vallinneita käsityksiä kulttuurien kehityksestä ja sivistyksestä. Tutkimukseni osoittaa Clarken olleen kirjailijana ja kommentoijana monilta osin aikansa lapsi; kulttuuriselta ylemmyydentunnoltaan tekstuaalisiin konventioihin. Clarke kuvasi Turkua niin muihin paikkakuntiin kuin toisiin aikalaiskertomuksiinkin nähden huomattavan myönteisessä valossa, mutta eri näkökulmin aineistoa lähestyttäessä käy selväksi myös kuvauksen toiseuttavuus eli vieraan kulttuurin kuvautuminen brittiläistä kulttuuripiiriä alempiarvoisena

A queda do homem civil: os antigos mexicanos e peruanos na History of America de William Robertson

According to the prominent Scottish historian of the Enlightenment William Robertson in his History of America, the stagnation of primary arts and the feeble and violent savage character of the natives were related to the incipient state of social cohesion in the New World. But due to the addition of superstitious institutions under the control of sagacious leaders, original forms of political organization emerged on dark horizons to contain the savage and make them obedient to working under primitive and defective techniques. In this context, terror would be the rule, as seen in the case of Motecuzoma’s government in Mexico or the blind submission to the Incas in Peru. The shoots of progress of indigenous America appear to be the cancers of the stagnant world that had been destroyed during the Spanish conquest. If the Jesuit José de Acosta was one of the main contributors to the “fall of natural man” in the Renaissance era, the Presbyterian Robertson produced in the Enlightenment the great story of the “fall of civil man” in the Americas. Both influential writers, each in his own time, considered limits and impasses for Mexicans and Peruvians in reaching the fullness of civil life. Robertson, specifically, was directly influenced by Scottish views on progress through social and material stages, as well as the notion of providential history. In History of America, the much-vaunted Mexican and Peruvian empires linked to the savage world peculiarly and strangely turned away from the correct progress of nations.Keywords: savage world in the Enlightenment, Mexican and Peruvian empires, William Robertson.De acordo com o expoente historiador escocês do Século das Luzes William Robertson em History of America, o estancamento das artes primárias e o débil e violento caráter selvagem se relacionavam ao incipiente estado de coesão social no Novo Mundo. Mas, devido ao ingrediente das instituições supersticiosas sob controle de líderes sagazes, formas originais de organização política despontaram em horizontes sombrios para conter o selvagem e torná-lo obediente ao trabalho sob técnicas primitivas e defectivas. Nessas situações, a regra da liderança indígena seria o terror, no caso do governo de Motecuzoma no México, ou a cega submissão aos incas, no Peru. Os brotos de progresso da América indígena aparecem como cancros de um mundo estagnado que havia sido destruído na conquista espanhola. Se o jesuíta José de Acosta foi uma das principais contribuições para a “queda do homem natural” na época renascentista, o presbiteriano Robertson produziu no Iluminismo a grande história da “queda do homem civil” da América. Ambos os influentes escritores, cada um no seu tempo, contemplaram limites e impasses para os mexicanos e peruanos chegarem à plenitude da vida civil. Robertson, por sua vez, foi influenciado diretamente pelas perspectivas escocesas do progresso por estágios sociais e materiais, assim como pela noção de história providencial. Na History of America, os propalados impérios dos mexicanos e peruanos imantados ao mundo selvagem comportam desvios peculiares e estranhos ao correto progresso das nações.Palavras-chave: mundo selvagem no Iluminismo, os impérios dos mexicanos e peruanos, William Robertson

Neurolinguistic late-side effects of childhood cancer treatment

The survival rate for children with brain cancer and tumours (CNS) has been going up in the last years. At the same time, different communicative, cognitive and psychological late-effects have been observed. These sequelae have a direct impact on the survivors’s academic performance, emotional state, social interaction, and the children’s quality of life in general. The objective of this paper is to focus on the communicative difficulties most commonly observed in children survivors of brain tumours treated at Virgen del Rocío Hospital in Seville (Spain): • Morphological • Lexical • Structural or syntactic • Pragmatic • Non-verbal Identifying the main communicative deficits will help us to develop appropriate recovery strategies and training programmes for school and social integration of children survivors

Notes on the names of the Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) hosts of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)

Older epithets for Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq. (1863; Vitaceae), also known as T. lanceo- larium auct. non Planch. and T. leucostaphylum auct. non Alston ex Mabb. (Vitaceae), are provided by Cissus coriacea DC. (1824) and Cissus verrucosa Steud. (1840), whereby the correct name for this host of Rafflesia spp. must be Tet- rastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep. The name Tetrastigma pisicarpum (Miq., 1863) Planch., host of at least Rafflesia patma, likewise must be replaced by Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume, 1825) Planch