225,081 research outputs found
Revision of the Megaselia giraudii and M. densior species complexes of Europe, including ecological notes (Diptera, Phoridae).
Die Megaselia giraudii/densior-Artengruppe umfaĂt 21 beschriebene Arten in Europa. Acht Arten werden neu beschrieben: M. citrinella Buck sp. n., M. glabrimargo Buck sp. n., M. hexanophila Buck sp. n., M. immodensior Disney sp. n. (= M. densior auctt., nec Schmitz), M. labellaspinata Disney sp. n. (= M. septentrionalis auctt., nec Schmitz), M. mimodensior Buck sp. n., M. raruvesiculae Disney sp. n. und M. xanthophila Buck sp. n. Megaselia phoenicura (Schmitz), M. badia Schmitz und M. hayleyensis Disney (alle allein von MĂ€nnchen beschrieben) werden synonymisiert mit M. quadriseta (Schmitz) (bisher nur bekannt im weiblichen Geschlecht). Viele Individuen, die frĂŒher fĂŒr M. badia gehalten wurden, gehören tatsĂ€chlich zu M. densior Schmitz, und M. coulsoni Disney wird mit letzterer synonymisiert. Lectotypen werden festgelegt fĂŒr M. albicans (Wood), M. densior, M. offuscata Schmitz, M. phoenicura und M. quadriseta, sowie ein Neotyp fĂŒr M. comosa (Schmitz). Die MĂ€nnchen von M. rubricornis (Schmitz) und Weibchen von M. correlata (Schmitz), M. haraldlundi Disney und M. parnassia Disney werden erstmals beschrieben. Das mutmaĂliche MĂ€nnchen von M. sanguinea (Schmitz) und wahrscheinliche Weibchen von M. albicans werden ebenfalls zum ersten Mal beschrieben. Die IdentitĂ€t anderer Arten wird aufgeklĂ€rt inklusive vier Arten, die nicht zum giraudii/ densior-Komplex gehören (M. nigrescens (Wood), M. opacicornis Schmitz, M. rubida (Schmitz) und M. ustulata (Schmitz)). Ein revidierter BestimmungsschlĂŒssel fĂŒr MĂ€nnchen und ein neuer SchlĂŒssel fĂŒr Weibchen werden vorgestellt. Dabei wird neuen taxonomischen Merkmalen wie den subkutikularen Sensillen innerhalb des dritten FĂŒhlersegments sowie der Morphologie des weiblichen Ovipositors bzw. Vaginalsklerite besondere Beachtung geschenkt. FĂŒr die meisten Arten werden auĂerdem Informationen zur Biologie mitgeliefert (Brutsubstrate der Larven, Köder-, Farb- und BiotopprĂ€ferenzen der Imagines).StichwörterDiptera, Phoridae, Megaselia, taxonomy, rearing, saprophages, bait trap, Europe.Nomenklatorische Handlungencomosa Santos AbrĂ©u, 1921 (Aphiochaeta), Neotype; syn. n. of Megaselia giraudii (Egger, 1862)phoenicura Schmitz, 1926 (Aphiochaeta), Lectotype; syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)albicans Wood, 1908 (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Phora albicansbadia Schmitz, 1938 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)bayleyensis Disney, 1987 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)citrinella Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.coulsoni Disney, 1987 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia densior Schmitz, 1927densior Schmitz, 1926 (Megaselia), Lectotypeglabrimargo Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.hexanophila Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.immodensior Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.labellaspinata Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.mimodensior Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.offuscata (Schmitz, 1921) (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Phiochaeta offuscataquadriseta (Schmitz, 1918) (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Aphiochaeta lutea var. quadrisetararuvesiculae Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.xanthophila Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.rata Collin in Wood, 1908 (Phora), Lectotype now a synonym of Megaselia giraudii (Egger, 1862)The Megaselia giraudii and M. densior species groups are revised to include a total of twenty-one described European species. Eight species are new to science: M. citrinella Buck sp. n., M. glabrimargo Buck sp. n., M. hexanophila Buck sp. n., M. immodensior Disney sp. n. (= M. densior auctt., nec Schmitz), M. labellaspinata Disney sp. n. (= M. septentrionalis auctt., nec Schmitz), M. mimodensior Buck sp. n., M. raruvesiculae Disney sp. n., and M. xanthophila Buck sp. n.. Megaselia phoenicura (Schmitz), M. badia Schmitz and M. hayleyensis Disney (all described from males only) are synonymised with M. quadriseta (Schmitz) (previously only known in the female sex). Many specimens previously assigned to M. badia are recognised as being M. densior Schmitz, and M. coulsoni Disney is synonymised with this species. Lectotypes are designated for M. albicans (Wood), M. densior, M. offuscata Schmitz, M. phoenicura and M. quadriseta, and a neotype is designated for M. comosa (Schmitz). The males of M. rubricornis (Schmitz) and females of M. correlata (Schmitz), M. haraldlundi Disney and M. parnassia Disney are described for the first time. The putative male of M. sanguinea (Schmitz) and the putative female of M. albicans are also described for the first time. The recognition of other species is clarified including four species that do not belong to the giraudii/densior complex (M. nigrescens (Wood), M. opacicornis Schmitz, M. rubida (Schmitz), and M. ustulata (Schmitz)). A revised key to males and a new key to females is provided, utilising the novel taxonomic character of the subcuticular sensilla inside the third antennal segment, and giving special attention to the morphology of the female ovipositor and vaginal sclerite. Biological data (breeding substrates of larvae, bait, colour and habitat preference of adults) are reported for most species.KeywordsDiptera, Phoridae, Megaselia, taxonomy, rearing, saprophages, bait trap, Europe.Nomenclatural Actscomosa Santos AbrĂ©u, 1921 (Aphiochaeta), Neotype; syn. n. of Megaselia giraudii (Egger, 1862)phoenicura Schmitz, 1926 (Aphiochaeta), Lectotype; syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)albicans Wood, 1908 (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Phora albicansbadia Schmitz, 1938 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)bayleyensis Disney, 1987 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia quadriseta (Schmitz, 1918)citrinella Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.coulsoni Disney, 1987 (Megaselia), syn. n. of Megaselia densior Schmitz, 1927densior Schmitz, 1926 (Megaselia), Lectotypeglabrimargo Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.hexanophila Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.immodensior Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.labellaspinata Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.mimodensior Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.offuscata (Schmitz, 1921) (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Phiochaeta offuscataquadriseta (Schmitz, 1918) (Megaselia), Lectotype described as Aphiochaeta lutea var. quadrisetararuvesiculae Disney, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.xanthophila Buck, 2001 (Megaselia), spec. n.rata Collin in Wood, 1908 (Phora), Lectotype now a synonym of Megaselia giraudii (Egger, 1862
Kritische und wenig bekannte GefĂ€Ăpflanzenarten im Aachener Raum II
Als WeiterfĂŒhrung der im Vorjahr begonnenen Serie ber kritische und wenig bekannte Sippen im Aachener Raum werden hier weitere Sippen vorgestellt. Neu kombiniert werden Bromus mediterraneus (H. SCHOLZ & F. M. VĂZQUEZ) BOMBLE & PATZKE und Sagina leiosperma (THELL.) BOMBLE. Ansonsten werden behandelt: Anthyllis vulneraria s. str., Bromus scholzii BOMBLE & PATZKE ined. (mit E. PATZKE), Eryngium giganteum, Lotus suberectus, Melampyrum pratense, Melampyrum commutatum, Persicaria capitata (= Polygonum capitatum), Sagina micropetala, Sagina x normaniana, Sagina procumbens, Sagina subulata var. glabrata und Solanum luteovirescens (mit B. G. A. SCHMITZ).As a follow up on last years series about difficult and little known taxa in the region of Aachen, further taxa are described. New combinations consist of Bromus mediterraneus (H. SCHOLZ & F. M. VĂZQUEZ) BOMBLE & PATZKE and Sagina leiosperma (THELL.) BOMBLE. Moreover, the following taxa are discussed: Anthyllis vulneraria s. str.,Bromus scholzii BOMBLE & PATZKE ined. (with E. PATZKE), Eryngium giganteum, Lotus suberectus, Melampyrum pratense, Melampyrum commutatum, Persicaria capitata (= Polygonum capitatum), Sagina micropetala, Sagina x normaniana, Sagina procumbens, Sagina subulata var. glabrata and Solanum luteovirescens (with B. G. A. SCHMITZ)
Rearing of \u3ci\u3eScolytus Multistraiatus\u3c/i\u3e (Marsham) (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) for Toxicological Experiments
(excerpt)
In a study of the oral and contact toxicity of methoxychlor residues to the smaller European elm bark beetle, S, multistriatus, it is essential to have beetle material available which is of uniform physiological condition and age (Riedl, 197 3). Several rearing containers for bark beetles have been described in the literature (Clark and Osgood, 1964; Fox, 1958; Germain and Wygant, 1967; Schmitz, 1972). A common problem in such containers appears to be fungus growth on the logs due to insufficient ventilation and high humidity. Although these environmental conditions might not cause high mortality, they can render emerging beetles unsuitable for bioassays. In order to guarantee fresh beetle material of uniform age newly emerged beetles must be extracted immediately. This paper describes emergence drums with a ventilation system that prevents fungus growth. Also described is an efficient extraction device which prevented the insect from moving back into the rearing container once it reached the collecting apparatus
Gyrokinetic studies of core turbulence features in ASDEX Upgrade H-mode plasmas
Gyrokinetic validation studies are crucial in developing confidence in the
model incorporated in numerical simulations and thus improving their predictive
capabilities. As one step in this direction, we simulate an ASDEX Upgrade
discharge with the GENE code, and analyze various fluctuating quantities and
compare them to experimental measurements. The approach taken is the following.
First, linear simulations are performed in order to determine the turbulence
regime. Second, the heat fluxes in nonlinear simulations are matched to
experimental fluxes by varying the logarithmic ion temperature gradient within
the expected experimental error bars. Finally, the dependence of various
quantities with respect to the ion temperature gradient is analyzed in detail.
It is found that density and temperature fluctuations can vary significantly
with small changes in this parameter, thus making comparisons with experiments
very sensitive to uncertainties in the experimental profiles. However,
cross-phases are more robust, indicating that they are better observables for
comparisons between gyrokinetic simulations and experimental measurements
A Direct Elliptic Solver Based on Hierarchically Low-rank Schur Complements
A parallel fast direct solver for rank-compressible block tridiagonal linear
systems is presented. Algorithmic synergies between Cyclic Reduction and
Hierarchical matrix arithmetic operations result in a solver with arithmetic complexity and memory footprint. We provide a
baseline for performance and applicability by comparing with well known
implementations of the -LU factorization and algebraic multigrid
with a parallel implementation that leverages the concurrency features of the
method. Numerical experiments reveal that this method is comparable with other
fast direct solvers based on Hierarchical Matrices such as -LU and
that it can tackle problems where algebraic multigrid fails to converge
Short-Term H-alpha Variability in M Dwarfs
We spectroscopically study the variability of H-alpha emission in mid- to
late-M dwarfs on timescales of ~0.1-1 hr as a proxy for magnetic variability.
About 80% of our sample exhibits statistically significant variability on the
full range of timescales probed by the observations, and with amplitude ratios
in the range of ~1.2-4. No events with an order of magnitude increase in
H-alpha luminosity were detected, indicating that their rate is < 0.05 /hr (95%
confidence level). We find a clear increase in variability with later spectral
type, despite an overall decrease in H-alpha "activity" (i.e.,
L_{H-alpha}/L_{bol}). For the ensemble of H-alpha variability events, we find a
nearly order of magnitude increase in the number of events from timescales of
about 10 to 30 min, followed by a roughly uniform distribution at longer
durations. The event amplitudes follow an exponential distribution with a
characteristic scale of Max(EW)/Min(EW)}-1 ~ 0.7. This distribution predicts a
low rate of ~ 10^{-6} /hr for events with (Max(EW)/Min(EW) > 10, but
serendipitous detections of such events in the past suggests that they
represent a different distribution. Finally, we find a possible decline in the
amplitude of events with durations of > 0.5 hr, which may point to a typical
energy release in H-alpha events for each spectral type (E_{H-alpha} ~
L_{H-alpha} x t ~ const). Longer observations of individual active objects are
required to further investigate this possibility. Similarly, a larger sample
may shed light on whether H-alpha variability correlates with properties such
as age or rotation velocity.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Simulation of transition dynamics to high confinement in fusion plasmas
The transition dynamics from the low (L) to the high (H) confinement mode in
magnetically confined plasmas is investigated using a first-principles
four-field fluid model. Numerical results are in close agreement with
measurements from the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak - EAST.
Particularly, the slow transition with an intermediate dithering phase is well
reproduced by the numerical solutions. Additionally, the model reproduces the
experimentally determined L-H transition power threshold scaling that the ion
power threshold increases with increasing particle density. The results hold
promise for developing predictive models of the transition, essential for
understanding and optimizing future fusion power reactors
Das Land der Wirklichkeit und Das wirkliche Deutschland. Die kulturkritischen Transfers des Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873â1931) zwischen Krieg und Frieden
Der Schriftsteller Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873â1931) reiste um die Jahrhundertwende oft nach Frankreich und vermittelte dem deutschen Publikum im spĂ€ten 19. und frĂŒhen 20. Jahrhundert kulturelles Wissen von Frankreich. WĂ€hrend er vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg Frankreich den Deutschen als Vorbild empfahl, um die Krise der Moderne zu ĂŒberwinden, distanzierte er sich im Ersten Weltkrieg von Frankreich. An den Texten von Schmitz lĂ€sst sich zeigen, dass die Kulturkritik nicht nur ein national selbstbezĂŒgliches PhĂ€nomen darstellt, sondern dass sich deutsche Kulturkritik auch im internationalen Kontext und in der Auseinandersetzung mit Frankreich herausbildet. WĂ€hrend des Ersten Weltkriegs nationalisierte und politisierte sich die Kulturkritik von Schmitz. Die Politisierung der Kulturkritik blieb auch nach 1918 erhalten, aber Schmitz öffnete sich nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wieder international.Au tournant du siĂšcle, lâĂ©crivain Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873-1931) a souvent voyagĂ© en France et transmis sa connaissance de la culture française au public allemand de la fin du XIXe et du dĂ©but du XXe siĂšcle. Avant le dĂ©but de la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale, il a conseillĂ© aux Allemands de prendre la France comme modĂšle pour vaincre la crise de la modernitĂ©, mais pendant la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale, il a pris ses distances par rapport Ă la France. Les essais de Schmitz permettent de dĂ©montrer que la « Kulturkritik » est non seulement un phĂ©nomĂšne national autorĂ©fĂ©rentiel, mais que la « Kulturkritik » allemande sâest aussi constituĂ©e dans un contexte international et en conflit avec la France. Pendant la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale, la « Kulturkritik » de Schmitz sâest nationalisĂ©e et politisĂ©e. La politisation de la « Kulturkritik » sâest poursuivie aprĂšs 1918, mais aprĂšs la PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale, Schmitz sâest de nouveau ouvert aux tendances internationales.At the turn of the century the German author Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873â1931) frequently travelled to France and brought knowledge of French culture to the German public in the late 19th and early 20th century. Before World War I he recommended France as a role model to the Germans, so as to help overcome the crisis of modernism. However, during World War I he distanced himself from France. Schmitzâ essays can be read as evidence of the fact that German âKulturkritikâ is not just a national self-referential phenomenon, but is embedded in an international context and grows out of the conflict with France. During World War I Schmitzâs âKulturkritikâ nationalised and politicised itself more and more. After 1918 the politicised âKulturkritikâ persisted, but Schmitz once again became receptive to international currents of thought
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