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    ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๊ตฌ๋ฏผ๊ต.์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ง„์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์‹œ์žฅ์— ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•ด์ง€์ž ๊ตญ๋‚ด์‚ฌ์—…์ž์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘, ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…”, ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ์ง€์œ„์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ(extraterritorial application)์ด๋ž€ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ•์— ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1965๋…„ 6๊ฐœ๊ตญ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ 2009๋…„ 59๊ฐœ๊ตญ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•ฝ 40๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ 1965๋…„์—์„œ 1995๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ 1๊ธฐ, ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ 1995๋…„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 1๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ ์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ(emulation)๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 1๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ EU์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต ์—†์ด ๋™ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ(competition)๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ3์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์ธ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ๋„์ž…์—๋Š” ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1995๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ”, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณด์ž‰์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” EU๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž‰์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ด ์—์–ด๋ฒ„์Šค์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋™ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฌด๋งˆ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ EU์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋‹จ์ผ์ฒด์ด๋Ÿฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ง€์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ž‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ EU๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์–‘ํ—ˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์ž ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋™ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. Microsoft์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ง€์œ„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ–‰์œ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋…์ ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด IT ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ MS์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์˜์กด๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ MS์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •ํ–‰์œ„ ์ œ์žฌ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ œ์žฌ์กฐ์น˜ ์ด๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด MS์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘์—ฐ์ „๊ทน๋ด‰ ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋™ ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์„ ์ œ์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•, ์กฐ์„ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ณต์ •๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฒ•์— ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ๋ช…๋ฌธํ™”๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ EU์‹์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ง€์ด๋ก ์„ ์›์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™ ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์„ ์ œ์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.With globalization, states become mutually dependent on each other and one state's policy has exerted the cross-border effect on others. Therefore, the extraterritorial application of competition law has been highlighted as one of major issues of competition policy because states have been interested in a means of guaranteeing a level-playing field among foreign and domestic entrepreneurs. The extraterritorial application of competition law means the jurisdiction of the state's competition law has extraterritoriality. The number of countries which accepted the extraterritorial application of their competition law has steadily increased for 40 years and reached about 60 worldwide. The study focused the diffusion mechanism of competition law's extraterritorial application. The study divided the period of diffusion into two phases and unveiled the major mechanism of diffusion respectively. In the first period of diffusion, states were affected by emulation mechanism. Most countries which accepted the extraterritorial application in the first period were Western states under the influence of the U.S. and EC. These countries accepted the extraterritorial application in the passive and reactive manner following the precedent of the U.S. and EC. In the second period of diffusion, states have been influenced by competition mechanism. Most countries which accepted the extraterritorial application in the second period were East Asian and the Third World ones. These countries accepted the extraterritorial application in the active and proactive manner. Moreover, these countries' acceptance of extraterritorial application was triggered by thier intention of protectionism. Therefore, the study reviewed three representative cases of foreign entrepreneurs' anticompetitive activities since 1995 in order to examine states' protectionism more specifically. As a result, the study recognized that in these cases, states used their competition laws' extraterritorial application as a means of protecting their domestic business.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 6 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 6 1. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 6 2. ์ •์ฑ… ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 16 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  20 1. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 2. ์ •์ฑ… ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 26 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 26 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 1๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ 30 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ 30 1. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์›€์ง์ž„ 30 2. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 32 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 1๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ-๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ 33 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 36 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ 38 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 38 1. ๋‹ค๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 38 2. ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 41 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ ํ™•์‚ฐ 2๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 42 1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 43 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 44 3. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 47 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 52 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ 54 ์ œ1์ ˆ Boeing-Mcdonnell Douglas ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋ก€(1997) 54 1. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 54 2. Boeing-Mcdonnell Douglas ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ FTC์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด 57 3. Boeing-Mcdonell Douglas ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด 60 4. Boeing-Mcdonnell Douglas ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 63 5. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜์˜ 69 ์ œ2์ ˆ Microsoft์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ง€์œ„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ–‰์œ„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(2002-2006) 73 1. ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ • 73 2. ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 78 3. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜๋ฏธ 92 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ‘์—ฐ์ „๊ทน๋ด‰ ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(1998-2002) 97 1. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 97 2. ํ‘์—ฐ์ „๊ทน๋ด‰ ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ 100 3. ํ‘์—ฐ์ „๊ทน๋ด‰ ๊ตญ์ œ์นด๋ฅดํ…”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ 101 4. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 106 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ-์ž๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ฒ• ์—ญ์™ธ์ ์šฉ 110 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  113 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 113 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 115 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 117 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 123Maste

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    โ… . ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง โ…ก. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ(Apprenticeship)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ 1. ์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต(Work-based learning; WBL)๊ณผ ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ 2. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์š”์†Œ 3. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํŽธ์ต ๋‚˜. ํ•™์ƒ(๊ฒฌ์Šต์ƒ) ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํŽธ์ต โ…ข. ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ ์šด์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ 1. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 2. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 3. ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น 4. ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ์™€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ โ…ฃ. ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ 1. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€?(Innovative Apprenticeship) 2. ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ 3. ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด(Financing) 4. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋„์ž… 5. ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ™•์žฅ: ์ด์›ํ™” ํ•™์œ„(Dual Studium) โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ

    ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์กธ์—…์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„

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    ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(89.9%), ์ธ์„ฑ(89.7%), ์ „๊ณต์ด๋ก (87.7%), ์ „๊ณต์‹ค์Šต(84.9%) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Œ. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ๋ฌดํƒœ๋„(70.0%)๊ฐ€ ๋” ์„ฑ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์—ญ๋Ÿ‰(61.7%)๋„ ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•จ. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์กธ์—…์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ์ด 66.3%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ดํ•˜๋Š” 28.4%, 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ์€ 5.3%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์กธ์—…์ƒ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ 88.9%๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์กธ์—…์ƒ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•จ.Employers' overall level of satisfaction with Meister school education is high, especially with basic learning skills (89.9%), personality (89.7%), theoretical knowledge in their majors (87.7%), and field experience in their majors (84.9%). More than half of employers responded that Meister school graduates have a more diligent work attitude (70.0%) and higher interpersonal skills (61.7%) than graduates of two-year colleges. 66.3% of Meister school graduates are performing jobs that normally demand a two-year college degree, while 28.4% are doing jobs that require high education or lower, and 5.3% are doing jobs requiring four-year college education or higher. 88.9% of employers who recruited Meister school graduates responded that they will continue to recruit Meister school graduates in the future

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    Structural Equation Modeling on Quality of Life in Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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    ํ์‡„์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ฌดํ˜ธํก์ฆ(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ ์ €ํ•˜, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์กธ์Œ, ์šฐ์šธ, ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ธ์ง€์žฅ์• , ์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ๋“ฑ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ OSA๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” OSA๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ ์™„ํ™”์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Wilson๊ณผ Cleary์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ OSA ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ OSA ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์ด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์–ด, ๋‚˜์ด, ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2011๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ์†Œ์žฌ 1๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ OSA๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ 18์„ธ์—์„œ 74์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋‹ค์›๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 201๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS 17.0๊ณผ AMOS 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ถŒ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธก์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉ์ง€์ˆ˜(GFI)๊ฐ€ .966, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ํ•ฉ์ง€์ˆ˜(CFI) .983, ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์˜ค์ฐจํ‰๊ท ์ž์Šน์˜ ์ด์ค‘๊ทผ(RMSEA) .019๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ OSA ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ 82.7% ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ ์ฆ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ผ์›์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ๊ทน์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด OSA ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent chronic condition in male adults, characterized by frequent arousals, sleep fragmentation and decreased sleep quality due to increased intermittent upper airway collapse during sleep. Sleep apnea can show various symptoms such as daytime sleepiness, depression, and insomnia. OSA can also decline cognitive function and working ability and increase risk of accident and comorbid disease such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, negatively affecting quality of life (QoL). As OSA causes diverse physical and psychological problems, appropriate treatment and management can promote symptom control, prevention of complications, and improvement of QoL. Therefore, it is important to investigate parameters affecting the QoL in patients with OSA for understanding and intervention of disease. In this research, a hypothetical model that involves factors influencing the QoL in male patients with OSA was constructed based on The conceptual model of patient outcome in health-related QoL by Wilson and Cleary, and its suitability was tested by verifying the relationship among relevant variables. Previous studies on QoL of OSA have mainly focused on physiologic variables and symptoms, underestimating the role of non-physiologic variables, such as age, social support, cognitive appraisals. The present study involves 6 variables - age, physiological variables and social support as exogenous variables; cognitive appraisals, symptoms and QoL as endogenous variables. The hypothetical model assumed that the exogenous variables of age, physiological variables, and social support exert influence on the endogenous variables of cognitive appraisal, symptom, and eventually on QoL. The hypothetical model involving various paths of these variables has been established and verified. From January to July, 2011, 201 adult male patients, who were diagnosed with OSA and aged older than 18 and less than 75, were recruited at a tertiary university hospital located in Seoul. Research data were collected via questionnaires, polysomnography, and clinical records. Analysis was performed by SPSS version 17.0 and AMOS version 18.0. The results are as follows: After confirmatory factor analysis, some of measured variables were excluded due to relatively low factor loadings. The model fit indices for the modified hypothetical model were suitable for recommended level: GFI= .999, CFI= .983, and RMSEA= .019. These variables accounted for 82.7% of the quality of life in male patients with OSA. The present study demonstrated that major influential factor of QoL was patients subjective symptoms. Social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep did not have direct influence on QoL, but indirectly affected via symptoms. QoL were lower in patients with younger age, negative cognitive appraisal and in patients with more severe symptoms. With lower social support and more dysfunctional cognitive appraisal, symptoms were more severe. When social support was lower, cognitive appraisal was more dysfunctional. These results suggests it is necessary to not only manage symptoms, but also apply some interventions for increasing social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep in order to increase QoL in patients with OSA. For enhancing social support, it may be encouraging to establish support systems from a partner or family member by inducing their participation and from medical staffs by active education and counseling. Programs like cognitive-behavioral therapy for improvement of cognitive appraisals can be a useful strategy of relieving symptoms and eventually improving QoL.Docto

    Nameless Fear and Unspeakable Desire : The Precarious Sexualities of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Utterson

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    ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ(Robert Louis Stevenson)์˜ ใ€Ž์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ ์”จ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑดใ€(Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; ์ดํ•˜ ใ€Ž์ง€ํ‚ฌ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ด๋“œใ€๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ)์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋˜ ์–ดํ„ฐ์“ด ์”จ(Mr. Utterson)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž์ธ ์—”ํ•„๋“œ ์”จ(Mr. Enfield)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋’ท๊ณจ๋ชฉ(by-street)์˜ ํ•œ ๋’ท๋ฌธ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ ์”จ(Mr. Hyde)๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์ „ํ•ด๋“ค์€ ๋’ค, ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๊ธˆ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„(the most private part)์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘” ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ(Dr. Jekyll)์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์žฅ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ 3๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€์žฌ(disappearance or unexplained absence; 261) ์‹œ์— ํ•˜์ด๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์–ธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์–ดํ„ฐ์“ด์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ง€ํ‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ธฐ(madness)๋ฅผ, ์—”ํ•„๋“œ์˜ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ๋‹ด์„ ๋“ค์€ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ช…์˜ˆ(disgrace; 262)๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ƒ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ด ๋„์ž…๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ€์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ใ€Œ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ผใ€(Incident at the Window) ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ผ์š”์ผ ์–ดํ„ฐ์“ด๊ณผ ์—”ํ•„๋“œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ฆ‰ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋’ท๋ฌธ ์•ž์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณตํฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.Robert Louis Stevensons Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is clearly a mens narrative, a dominant theme of which is their desires and the repression of it. The narrative focuses on the anxiety that accompanies (homo)social male bonding among the contemporary bachelor-professional class, demonstrated by Hyde and the unspeakable fear he provokes. This nameless anxiety is associated with homosexual panic, the term Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick suggests both as a regulating force in Victorian society and as one of the most distinctive of Gothic tropes. One of the central themes is the concept of duality. While the very existence of Jekyll and Hyde proves the thorough and primitive duality of man, various comparisons, such as east-end/west-end London, day/night, home/street, etc., further stress and fill out dual lives of Jekyll/Hyde. Jekyll tries to satisfy his secretive, private desire in the disguise of Hyde, at the same time keeping his public reputation safe. When Utterson, as a normative heterosexual male representative, becomes suspicious of Jekyll and Hydes relationship, he feels a deep-rooted fear which he can only describe as something in Hyde. The existence of Hyde and his secretive, unutterable private activities with Jekyll allude to the potential of a homosexual relationship between them, which is exactly what Utterson suspects. However, in the final scene, Hydes position is symbolically substituted by Utterson, implying that his reputation as a normative male in this society is always precarious at best, so far as he is constantly anxious about the very possibility of having it challenged

    Screening of potent peptide inhibitors for protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B by phage display tec

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    ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ(protein tyrosine kinases, PTK)์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํƒˆ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ(protein tyrosine phosphatases , PTP)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. PTP๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ํƒˆ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ PTP ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ ์ถœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ PTP๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, PTP-1B ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ ์ถœ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ PTP-1B๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” PTP-1B ์ €ํ•ด์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PTP-1B์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , PTP-1B์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ง€๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€ ํด๋ก ๋“ค์˜ DNA ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์ง€ ํด๋ก ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ PTP-1B ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PTP-1B์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ง€ ํด๋ก ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ PTP-1B์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ด ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์ง€ ํด๋ก ์˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ, WRQ7 (WRQTRKD), TAP7 (TAPPNKL), LRT7 (LRTNSTL) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ATK7 (ATKTRRP),๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋“ค์˜ PTP-1B ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ด ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ €ํ•ด ์–‘์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ TAP7 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ PTP-1B๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, WRQ7, LRT7, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ATK7 ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ PTP-1B์˜ ํšจ์†Œํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, TAP7 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” PTP-1B์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ TAP7 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์„œ์—ด์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ PTP-1B์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข€๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The reversible protein tyrosine phosphorylations, controlled by competing activities between protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), are critically involved in regulating many cellular signaling processes. PTPs have been considered to have extremely low substrate specificity, since they are known to dephosphorylate multiple target molecules unrelated to one another, when assayed in vitro. However, recently reported knockout mice, deficient of particular PTPs, all appear to exhibit unique phenotypes, suggesting that each PTP might have a specific target. Studies of PTP-1B knockout mice show that PTP-1B is a major negative regulator of insulin signaling, and the loss of PTP-1B activity leads to enhanced insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance. These findings suggest a need to develop a selective PTP-1B inhibitor.In this study, we used the phage display technique to screen peptide inhibitors for PTP-1B and to identify peptides that bind to the catalytic domain of human PTP-1B. Selected phages that bound to PTP-1B were eluted, and then the phage DNA sequences were analyzed. After analyzing the phage DNA sequences, independent phage clones were tested whether they could inhibit the catalytic activity of PTP-1B. Based on the amino acid sequences of phage clones which inhibited PTP-1B, four peptides, WRQ7 (WRQTRKD), TAP7 (TAPPNKL), LRT7 (LRTNSTL), and ATK7 (ATKTRRP) were synthesized. Using these synthetic peptides, PTP-1B inhibition assay was performed. TAP7 peptide appeared to significantly inhibit PTP-1B activity, but WRQ7, LRT7, and ATK7 peptides did not inhibit PTP-1B activity. These results suggest that TAP7 peptide can be used to develop a better peptide inhibitor for PTP-1B. Inhibitory potential and selectivity of TAP7 peptide could be improved by introducing point mutations on the TAP7 sequence in a systematic manner.ope

    A Numerical Analysis Study for Optimal Design of Integrated PM/NOx Simultaneous Reduction Device

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    A number of efforts have been made to reduce air pollutants implementing exhaust gas after-treatment devices. However, several problems such as high back pressure on the diesel engine and replacement of the filter are still unsettled. In this thesis, a guideline is provided by studying the flow characteristics inside the device and the change of back pressure. Moreover, the optimal design of the integrated device which can simultaneously reduce PM and NOx has been suggested. Ansys fluent was used to apply porous media conditions to DPF and SCR by setting porosity to 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % and 70 %. In addition, the effect of inlet velocity on back pressure has been analyzed by applying the different velocities of 7.4m/s, 10.3m/s, 13.1m/s and 26.2m/s as boundary condition. The result of CFD analysis indicates that the back pressure of the device was greatly affected by the inlet velocity. The maximum back pressure was 130.8 mbar and the minimum back pressure was 17.0 mbar. Furthermore, A 68.0 mbar back pressure which is the engine makerโ€™s gulideline regarding the 1800kW engine was satisfied when the inlet velocity is 7.4 m/s, 10.3 m/s, and 13.1 m/s. The results obtained by CFD analysis suggest that the device is suitable for small and medium class vessels.|๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ €๊ฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—”์ง„ ๋ฐฐ์•• ๋ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ต์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PM ๋ฐ NOx๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ์ €๊ฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ์น˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์œ ๋™๊ณผ ์ž…ยท์ถœ๊ตฌ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Ansys fluent๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ DPF ๋ฐ SCR์— ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์ฒด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์€ 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % ๋ฐ 70 %๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—”์ง„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Inlet ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 7.4 m/s, 10.3 m/s, 13.1 m/s ๋ฐ 26.2 m/s๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์••์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CFD ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์••์€ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์••์€ 130.8 mbar์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์••์€ 17.0 mbar์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ž…๊ตฌ ์†๋„ 7.4 m/s, 10.3 m/s ๋ฐ 13.1 m/s์ผ ๋•Œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์—”์ง„ ๋ฉ”์ด์ปค ๋ฐฐ์•• ๊ธฐ์ค€ 68.0 mbar๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ค‘์†Œํ˜•๊ธ‰ ์—”์ง„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ 4 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 10 2. ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ์ž…์ž์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์งˆ์†Œ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋™์‹œ ์ €๊ฐ ์žฅ์น˜ 11 2.1 ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 11 2.2 ๋””์ ค ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž ํ•„ํ„ฐ(DPF) 13 2.3 ๋””์ ค ์‚ฐํ™” ์ด‰๋งค(DOC) 15 2.4 ์„ ํƒ์  ํ™˜์› ์ด‰๋งค(SCR) 16 2.5 ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ด‰๋งค(AOC) 18 3. ์ด๋ก  19 3.1 ์ „์‚ฐ ์œ ์ฒด ์—ญํ•™ 19 3.2 ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 20 3.2.1 ์œ ๋™ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 20 3.2.2 ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ 22 3.2.3 ์—ฐ์† ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 24 3.2.4 ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 27 3.2.5 ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 31 3.3 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ 38 3.3.1 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ •์˜ 38 3.3.2 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 38 3.3.2.1 Darcy์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ 39 3.3.2.2 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์†์‹ค 40 3.3.3 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ ์„ฑ๋„ 40 3.3.4 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 41 3.3.5 ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ 43 3.3.6 ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ 43 3.3.6.1 ํ‘œ์ค€ k-ฮต ๋ชจ๋ธ 43 3.3.6.1.1 ํ‘œ์ค€ k-ฮต ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 44 3.3.6.1.2 ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ์ ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 45 3.3.6.1.3 ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ 45 4. ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ 46 4.1 ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 46 4.2 ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด 50 4.3 ๊ฒฉ์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด 51 5. ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 5.1 ์žฅ์น˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์••๋ ฅ 54 5.2 ์žฅ์น˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์•• 57 5.3 ์žฅ์น˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์•• 62 5.4 ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์•• 66 5.4.1 ์†๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ 70 5.4.1.1 ZX ๋‹จ๋ฉด 70 5.4.1.2 ยฑy์ถ• ์„ค์ • ์†๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ 82 6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  95 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 98 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 106Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste
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