55 research outputs found

    Difference of Low Skeletal Muscle Index According to Recommended Protein Intake in Korean

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    Background: Sarcopenia has become a major concern owing to its association with a high risk of fall or fracture and metabolic impairments. There is insufficient evidence to support the role of dietary protein intake in reducing the prevalence of sarcopenia. This study was conducted to investigate the variation in low skeletal muscle index (SMI) with the dietary levels of protein intake. Methods: This study analyzed data of 3,482 male and 4,838 female aged 50 years or older from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) database (2008โ€“2011). Low SMI was indicated by a value <0.789 in male and <0.512 in female. Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of SMI with protein intake, whereby it was tested whether the dietary intake of proteins met the estimated average requirement (EAR) or the reference nutrient intake (RNI) as stated in the dietary reference intake (DRI) for Koreans, 2015. Results: Irrespective of sex, the prevalence of low SMI was significantly high when the protein intake did not meet the EAR or RNI. Following adjustment for covariates, the odds ratio (OR) for low SMI in subjects with unmet EARs was 1.63 (1.28โ€“2.09) in male and 1.35 (1.10โ€“1.66) in female. The OR for low SMI in subjects with unmet RNI was 1.74 (1.38โ€“2.18) in male and 1.39 (1.14โ€“1.69) in female. Conclusion: The prevalence of low SMI was significantly higher when the protein intake did not meet the EAR or RNI as stated in the DRI for Koreans.ope

    Involvement of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in both amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways in hippocampus

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    ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/๋ฐ•์‚ฌAMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and silent mating-type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) are the two representative enzymes involved in energy homeostasis. Concomitant action of AMPK and SIRT1 mediates various beneficial effects including suppression of Alzheimerโ€™s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Even though these two enzymes activate each other, metformin, the most widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, has shown to exert neurotoxic effects via AMPK activation. Therefore, I aimed to examine the effect of metformin on neuronal SIRT1 activity, as well as on AMPK. Normally, metformin-induced AMPK activation would result in concomitant SIRT1 activation via activating AMPK/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltrans-ferase (Nampt)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pathway. However, I found that metformin could not activate neuronal SIRT1 despite AMPK activation. Rather, metformin reduced the levels of Nampt and NAD, which accounts for the failure of SIRT1 activation. Metformin-induced AMPK activation increased the levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) and secreted beta-amyloid (Aฮฒ). In addition, metformin-induced Nampt suppression was associated with decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) which promotes non-amyloidogenic pathway. These adverse effects of metformin were also identified in the brains of diabetic db/db mice. Overexpression of Nampt rescued metformin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Also, donepezil treatment reversed the negative effects of metformin in vitro and in vivo, by promoting Nampt/NAD pathway. Data from the current study implicate the importance of the role of Nampt in regulating amyloidogenesis; AMPK activation by metformin might be neurotoxic because it could not induce concomitant action of AMPK and SIRT1 owing to the lack of Nampt involvement in the brain contrasted with other peripheral tissues. Co-treatment of donepezil could be a proper measure to protect the brain from potential risk of promoting AD pathogenesis in diabetic patients taking metformin.ope

    ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ยทํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์šธ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๊ถŒ์„๋งŒ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์›์ธ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์™€ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ, ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฒ˜์น˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ/๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํšŒํ”ผ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 240๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฒ™๋„, ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์ •์  ์ •์„œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์  ์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„, ํšŒํ”ผ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์— ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํšŒํ”ผ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ, ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์™„์ „๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2-1์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 88๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฒ™๋„, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๋„์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ •์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฒ™๋„์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์น˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ง€์†์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2-2์—์„œ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 102๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2-1๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์™€ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์ด์ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์ด์ ์ด 50์  ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ 47๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ๋‹จ ์ฒ˜์น˜, ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜, ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ํšŒํ”ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์ฒ˜์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ํ›„์— ๋น„ํŒ๋‹จ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธ์ • ์ •์„œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ โ€คํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ๊ณผ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก i ์„œ ๋ก  1 ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ์ •์˜ 2 ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค 6 ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 7 ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ์™€ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 13 ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 14 ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฐœ์ž… 15 ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  19 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ํšŒํ”ผ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 21 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 22 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 25 ๋…ผ ์˜ 33 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2. ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 35 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2-1. ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: DTT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 36 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 37 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 41 ๋…ผ ์˜ 49 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2-2. ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 52 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 53 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 56 ๋…ผ ์˜ 65 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3. ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 70 ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• 72 ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 77 ๋…ผ ์˜ 86 ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋…ผ์˜ 89 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 96 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 111 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 130Docto

    Suggestion of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sorption and desorption kinetic model with biochar as a sorbent considering the sorption irreversibility

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์ตœ์šฉ์ฃผ.๋ถˆํˆฌ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ด ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด LID ์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” LID ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ์„ค ๋‚ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ์„ค ๋‚ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์†๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์†๋„๋Š” ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ทœ ํก์ฐฉ ์‹œ ํก์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„ 1์ฐจ ํก์ฐฉํ‰ํ˜•์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋’ค ํก์ฐฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ธ์ž์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œจ๊ณผ ํก์ฐฉํ‰ํ˜•์ƒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํก์ฐฉ ํ‰ํ˜• ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ €๋†๋„์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํก์ฐฉํ‰ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ(ANOVA<0.05) ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค:(i)์‹ ๊ทœํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๊ณ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์žฌ ํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ. (ii)์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ. ์žฌ ํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ทœ ํก์ฐฉ ์‹œ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํก์ฐฉํ‰ํ˜•์ƒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ์‹œ, ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ์— ํก์ฐฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํก์ฐฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํก์ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ฐ›์•„ ํก์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์— ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํก์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” naphthalene์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œจ์ด ์ž‘์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ , ๋น„๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ phenanthrene์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œจ์ด naphthalene๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํก์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ phenanthrene์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์ฐฉ์ œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์‹œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ €์˜ํ–ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(Low-impact development, LID) 5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋‹คํ™˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs) 6 1. ๋‹คํ™˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ•ด์„ฑ 6 2. ๋‹คํ™˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 9 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ(biochar) 10 1. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ 10 2. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 11 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ 12 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„๋ฒ• 14 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 16 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 16 1. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ๋‹คํ™˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ) 16 2. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ(Biochar)์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ 17 3. Passive sampling 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ PAHs ์ •๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํšŒ๋ถ„์‹ ์‹คํ—˜ 21 1. ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ 21 2. ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ 21 3. ์žฌ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ 23 4. ์žฅ๊ธฐ ํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์‹คํ—˜ 24 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 25 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 25 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ์•ˆ 27 1. ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ์†๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐ€์ • 27 2. ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋„์ถœ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ธ์ž ๋„์ถœ 30 1. ํƒˆ์ฐฉ ์†๋„ 30 2. PE passive sampler์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์†๋„ 33 3. ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํก์ฐฉ ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒ์ˆ˜ 35 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํกโ€งํƒˆ์ฐฉ ํ˜„์ƒ ํ•ด์„ 40 1. ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ์ž ๋„์ถœ 40 2. ์žฌ ํก์ฐฉ ์†๋„ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํก์ฐฉ ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒ์ˆ˜ 44 3. ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํก์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ 49 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  53Maste

    Protease-activated receptor 2 activation inhibits N-type Ca2+ currents in rat peripheral sympathetic neurons.

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    The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is highly expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone. Although several mechanisms have been suggested to explain PAR-2-induced hypotension, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. To investigate this possibility, we investigated the effects of PAR-2 activation on N-type Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca-N)) in isolated neurons of the celiac ganglion (CG), which is involved in the sympathetic regulation of mesenteric artery vascular tone. PAR-2 agonists irreversibly diminished voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca)), measured using the patch-clamp method, in rat CG neurons, whereas thrombin had little effect on I(Ca). This PAR-2-induced inhibition was almost completely prevented by ฯ‰-CgTx, a potent N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, suggesting the involvement of N-type Ca(2+) channels in PAR-2-induced inhibition. In addition, PAR-2 agonists inhibited I(Ca-N) in a voltage-independent manner in rat CG neurons. Moreover, PAR-2 agonists reduced action potential (AP) firing frequency as measured using the current-clamp method in rat CG neurons. This inhibition of AP firing induced by PAR-2 agonists was almost completely prevented by ฯ‰-CgTx, indicating that PAR-2 activation may regulate the membrane excitability of peripheral sympathetic neurons through modulation of N-type Ca(2+) channels. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that the activation of PAR-2 suppresses peripheral sympathetic outflow by modulating N-type Ca(2+) channel activity, which appears to be involved in PAR-2-induced hypotension, in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals.ope

    Transient receptor potential c4/5 like channel is involved in stretch-induced spontaneous uterine contraction of pregnant rat.

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    Spontaneous myometrial contraction (SMC) in pregnant uterus is greatly related with gestational age and growing in frequency and amplitude toward the end of gestation to initiate labor. But, an accurate mechanism has not been elucidated. In human and rat uterus, all TRPCs except TRPC2 are expressed in pregnant myometrium and among them, TRPC4 are predominant throughout gestation, suggesting a possible role in regulation of SMC. Therefore, we investigated whether the TRP channel may be involved SMC evoked by mechanical stretch in pregnant myometrial strips of rat using isometric tension measurement and patch-clamp technique. In the present results, hypoosmotic cell swelling activated a potent outward rectifying current in G protein-dependent manner in rat pregnant myocyte. The current was significantly potentiated by 1ยตM lanthanides (a potent TRPC4/5 stimulator) and suppressed by 10ยตM 2-APB (TRPC4-7 inhibitor). In addition, in isometric tension experiment, SMC which was evoked by passive stretch was greatly potentiated by lanthanide (1ยตM) and suppressed by 2-APB (10ยตM), suggesting a possible involvement of TRPC4/5 channel in regulation of SMC in pregnant myometrium. These results provide a possible cellular mechanism for regulation of SMC during pregnancy and provide basic information for developing a new agent for treatment of premature labor.ope

    Suppression of Peripheral Sympathetic Activity Underlies Protease-Activated Receptor 2-Mediated Hypotension

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    Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone. Although some reports have suggested involvement of a neurogenic mechanism in PAR-2-induced hypotension, the accurate mechanism remains to be elucidated. To examine this possibility, we investigated the effect of PAR-2 activation on smooth muscle contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the superior mesenteric artery. In the present study, PAR-2 agonists suppressed neurogenic contractions evoked by EFS in endothelium-denuded superior mesenteric arterial strips but did not affect contraction elicited by the external application of noradrenaline (NA). However, thrombin, a potent PAR-1 agonist, had no effect on EFS-evoked contraction. Additionally, ฯ‰-conotoxin GVIA (CgTx), a selective N-type Ca(2+) channel (ICa-N) blocker, significantly inhibited EFS-evoked contraction, and this blockade almost completely occluded the suppression of EFS-evoked contraction by PAR-2 agonists. Finally, PAR-2 agonists suppressed the EFS-evoked overflow of NA in endothelium-denuded rat superior mesenteric arterial strips and this suppression was nearly completely occluded by ฯ‰-CgTx. These results suggest that activation of PAR-2 may suppress peripheral sympathetic outflow by modulating activity of ICa-N which are located in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals, which results in PAR-2-induced hypotension.ope

    Modulation of N-type calcium currents by presynaptic imidazoline receptor activation in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons

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    Presynaptic imidazoline receptors (R(i-pre)) are found in the sympathetic axon terminals of animal and human cardiovascular systems, and they regulate blood pressure by modulating the release of peripheral noradrenaline (NA). The cellular mechanism of R(i-pre)-induced inhibition of NA release is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the effect of R(i-pre) activation on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, using the conventional whole-cell patch-clamp method. Cirazoline (30 ฮผM), an R(i-pre) agonist as well as an ฮฑ-adrenoceptor (R(ฮฑ)) agonist, decreased Ca(2+) currents (I(Ca)) by about 50% in a voltage-dependent manner with prepulse facilitation. In the presence of low-dose rauwolscine (3 ฮผM), which blocks the ฮฑ(2)-adrenoceptor (R(ฮฑ2)), cirazoline still inhibited I(Ca) by about 30%, but prepulse facilitation was significantly attenuated. This inhibitory action of cirazoline was almost completely prevented by high-dose rauwolscine (30 ฮผM), which blocks R(i-pre) as well as R(ฮฑ2). In addition, pretreatment with LY320135 (10 ฮผM), another R(i-pre) antagonist, in combination with low-dose rauwolscine (3 ฮผM), also blocked the R(ฮฑ2)-resistant effect of cirazoline. Addition of guanosine-5-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (2 mm) to the internal solutions significantly attenuated the action of cirazoline. However, pertussis toxin (500 ng ml(1)) did not significantly influence the inhibitory effect of cirazoline. Moreover, cirazoline (30 ฮผM) suppressed M current in SCG neurons cultured overnight. Finally, omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTx) GVIA (1 ฮผM) obstructed cirazoline-induced current inhibition, and cirazoline (30 ฮผM) significantly decreased the frequency of action potential firing in a partly reversible manner. This cirazoline-induced inhibition of action potential firing was almost completely occluded in the presence of omega-CgTx. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of R(i-pre) in SCG neurons reduced N-type I(Ca) in a pertussis toxin- and voltage-insensitive pathway, and this inhibition attenuated repetitive action potential firing in SCG neurons.ope

    ๋ฐ”๋Š์งˆ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž์•„์น˜์œ ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘ํ™”์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    ์ฐฉ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋””์ž์ธํ•™๋ถ€,2007.Maste
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