14 research outputs found

    ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ์œค์ˆœ๋…•.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ๋…ธ์›๊ตฌ, ์„ฑ๋ถ๊ตฌ, ์„œ์ดˆ๊ตฌ, ์†กํŒŒ๊ตฌ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 4๊ฐœ๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ 339๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2013๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„, ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ(์‹ค์ธก BMI, ํฌ๋ง BMI, ์ฒดํ˜•๋งŒ์กฑ๋„), ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  ์š”์ธ(ํƒœ๋„, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ), ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ(์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ์šฐ์šธ, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๋น„๋งŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค)์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํšก๋‹จ์  ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ SPSS 21.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ„์„, ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  BMI๋Š” 19.9๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ง BMI๊ฐ€ 17.5๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ฒดํ˜•์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒดํ˜•๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ 54%๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์„ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„(t=-2.441, p<.05), ํƒœ๋„(t=-2.523, p<.05), ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(t=-2.396, p<.05) ๋ฐ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค(t=-2.497, p<.05)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํƒœ๋„(r=.624), ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(r=.331), ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ฒดํ˜•๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(r=-.378)์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ 42.9%์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„(Rยฒ=.390), ์ฒดํ˜•๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(Rยฒ=.021), ํฌ๋ง BMI(Rยฒ=.010), ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(Rยฒ=.008) ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์€ ํƒœ๋„(Rยฒ=.426), ์ฒดํ˜•๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(Rยฒ=.023), ํฌ๋ง BMI(Rยฒ=.016) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ 46.5%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋งŒ์ด 30.2%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์กฐ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋งค์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก i โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 3. ์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜ 4 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  6 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์—ฌ์ž์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ 7 2. ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  11 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 15 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 16 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 22 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 23 1. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ์ค‘์ƒ์˜ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ํŠน์„ฑ 23 2. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„์™€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 29 3. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ–‰๋™ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 31 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 37 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 41 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  41 2. ์ œ์–ธ 43 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 44 ๋ถ€๋ก 53 ABSTRACT 65Maste

    ์น˜ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์‹ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    Objectives : This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical usability of a new caries activity test (Cariviewยฎ), which was based on the acidogenic potential of plaque by evaluating it's correlation with the DMFT index and comparing the results of Cariviewยฎ with those of previous caries activity tests in an adult group. Methods : Teeth of 74 subjects were examined, and the DMFT index was calculated according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to determine the past caries experience. Caries activity tests were performed according to manufacturer's instructions. For Cariviewยฎ test, plaque samples were collected from the tooth surface by using a sterile cotton swab and incubated at 37โ„ƒ for 48 h; an indicator was added to observe the color changes according to the plaque acidogenicity. The subjects were classified into three groups (Low, Moderate, High) according to the level of caries risk. The data were assessed using one-way ANOVA to compare the caries experiences of risk groups according to the caries activity test results, and the relationships between the caries activity tests and the DMFT index were evaluated. Results : The overall mean DMFT index was 5.70ยฑ4.42. There was a significant difference in the DMFT index among the caries risk groups (Low, Moderate, High) according to the Cariviewยฎ test result (P=0.036). Further, there was a positive correlation between the Cariviewยฎ score and the DMFT index (r=0.23, P=0.047) and between the Cariviewยฎ score and the previous caries activity tests score (P<0.01). Conclusions : The new caries activity test (Cariviewยฎ) can be easily used at dental clinics and enables precise caries risk assessment.ope

    Efficacy of dentifrices containing policresulen in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis formation

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    Objectives : This clinical study aimed to investigate if dentifrices containing policresulen would help to control dental plaque and gingivitis. Methods : Seventy-eight eligible adults participated in this double-blind and randomized clinical study after an initial oral examination, calculus removal, and tooth prophylaxis. Two weeks after the procedure, the participants were assigned to three groups using the following dentifrices: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF (control group); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF and 100 ppm policresulen (policresulen group); and (3) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF, 100 ppm policresulen, and 1.00% bamboo salt (policresulen/bamboo group). The participants used only the provided dentifrice (for 1 min, twice a day, over 8 weeks) when brushing their teeth and followed their normal brushing habits. Dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis measurements were conducted using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), the Lรถe and Silness gingival index (GI), and the percent bleeding on probing (%BOP) to obtain baseline data and 4- and 8-week data after grouping. Results : A total of 73 participants aged 35.92ยฑ11.46 years (meanยฑSD) completed the study. The results after 8 weeks demonstrated statistically significant group-by-time interactions for PI, GI, and %BOP (P<0.001). The PI observed in the control groups increased over time up to 6%, while that observed in the dentifrice groups containing policresulen decreased by 5% (P<0.001). For GI and %BOP, the control group exhibited significantly higher values after 8 weeks, while the policresulen and the policresulen/bamboo groups revealed similar index values as the baseline after 4 and 8 weeks. The changes in all indices were significantly different between the control and the two experimental groups. There were no significant differences in the results obtained from the policresulen/bamboo group and the results obtained from the policresulen group. Conclusions : Use of dentifrices containing policresulen over 8 weeks demonstrated anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy compared to a control dentifrice.ope

    A Study on the Introduction of Naturalistic Planting for Management and Aesthetic in Urban Park:Focused on Pyeonghwa Park in World Cup Park

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์„ฑ์ข…์ƒ.๋„์‹œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋„์‹œ ์ƒํƒœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ผ์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์›๋…น์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณต์›์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ณธ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์‹์žฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํš์ผ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž”๋””์™€ ์ผ๋…„์ƒ ์ดˆ๋ณธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹จ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์–‘์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์†์‹ค์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ œ์ดˆ์ž‘์—… ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋Š” 2002๋…„ ์™„๊ณต๋œ ์›”๋“œ์ปต๊ณต์›์€ ์ƒ์•”๋™ ์ฃผ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์•ž ์•ฝ 3,471,090ใŽก์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ค‘ ํ‰ํ™”์˜๊ณต์›์€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต๊ณต์›์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์กฐํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ต๋ชฉ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์—๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์˜ ์—ฐ์ถœ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์˜ ์‹์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹์žฌ ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์œก์š”์ธ์€ ์ผ์กฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„, ํ† ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ดˆ์›๊ฒฝ๊ณผ, ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ™”๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ •์›์˜ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ข…, ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ, ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์› ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์€ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ์ดˆ๋ณธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด์™€ ํœด์‹์˜ ์ž”๋””๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์Œ์ง€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ •์› ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹๋ฌผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ์„ฑ ํ›„ 3๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํš์ผํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์— ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœํ™”์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดˆ๋ด„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ •์›์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 2. ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ • 5 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 7 1. ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดํ•ด 7 2. ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๋ณธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 18 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ 19 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 19 1. ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 19 2. ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 20 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด 23 1. ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์ •์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 23 2. ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 28 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 36 1. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 36 2. ์ €๋น„์šฉ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 37 3. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 41 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ถ„์„ 42 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์ดํ•ด 42 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์š” 42 2. ํ‰ํ™”์˜๊ณต์›์˜ ์‹์žฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 44 3. ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • 49 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ถ„์„ 50 1. ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์œก ์š”์ธ 50 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 54 3. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ ์„ค์ • 55 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๋ถ„์„ 57 1. ์™„์ถฉ๋…น์ง€ 57 2. ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋…น์ง€ 62 3. ๋…น์Œ๋…น์ง€ 67 4. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 70 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ž์—ฐํ˜•์‹์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 71 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง€ํ”ผยท์ดˆ๋ณธ์‹์žฌ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ค์ • 71 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 71 2. ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ 71 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 73 1. ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ปจ์…‰ 73 2. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ƒ 74 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ณ„ํš 77 1. ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ํš 77 2. ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณ„ ๊ณ„ํš 78 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณ„ ์ƒ์„ธ ์„ค๊ณ„ 82 1. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์› 82 2. ๋‹ค๋…„์ƒ์ดˆ๋ณธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด์™€ ํœด์‹์˜ ์ž”๋””๊ณต๊ฐ„ 86 3. ๋ฐ˜์Œ์ง€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ •์› 93 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  97 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 99 Abstract 103Maste

    Age differences of implicit learning in cognitive control tasks

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ์ตœ์ง„์˜.๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋…ธํ™”์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํš๋“๋œ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์ด ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ์  ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์— ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ 17๋ช…, ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ 17๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์ฃผ์˜, ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ฐ ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์€ ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ์  ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ์˜ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šตํ‘œํ˜„์–‘์€ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ž‘์—…์†๋„, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ํ†ต์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต ํ‘œํ˜„์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋„ ์ž๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ €ํ•˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค.It is well-known that aging is associated with cognitive decline, but several learning skills spare in aging. The current thesis focuses on the age differences of implicit learning and expression of learning in cognitive control tasks. In order to examine acquired implicit learning can be expressed, the conflict implicit learning task is developed. The experiment and comprehensive neuropsychological tests were conducted on seventeen healthy older adults and seventeen healthy young adults. As a result, both age groups show significant implicit learning, and the expression of implicit learning has significant effects in the interference tasks. The size of the implicit learning effect was smaller for older adults compared to young adults in the simple implicit learning task. However, in conflict condition, the amount of the expression effect was similar in two groups. The implicit learning effect is correlated with the performance of neuropsychological tests which assess the motor function, working memory and administrative function. In the interference condition, the elders with lower cognitive control function show more expression of implicit learning. This study shows that older adults can express what they learned implicitly in the cognitive control task, which suggests the applicability of implicit learning. Despite of the cognitive decline with aging, the spared ability of implicit learning gives theoretical basis for the cognitive training for elders.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก i โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋…ธํ™” 1 1.2. ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 4 1.3. ์ธ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ์•”๋ฌตํ•™์Šต ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 5 1.4. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  7 โ…ก. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 9 2.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 9 2.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 10 2.3. ํ–‰๋™ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 19 โ…ข. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 20 3.1. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ 20 3.2. ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 27 3.3. ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™ธํ˜„์  ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 33 โ…ฃ. ๋…ผ์˜ 34 ๋ถ€๋ก 41 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 43Maste

    Cutoff fluorescence loss for the recovery of incipient carious lesions after fluoride application in primary teeth: A clinical study

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    PURPOSE: Early detection and diagnosis of incipient caries are the keys to achieving a favorable prognosis. Monitoring of pathological changes based on clinical evidence leads to an accurate prognosis. Therefore, this clinical study investigated changes in minerals of incipient carious lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) after applying professional fluoride treatment to children, with improvement of the lesion severity assessed based on the fluorescence loss (ฮ”F) value obtained using QLF-D. METHODS: This study examined 90 incipient enamel lesions on the primary teeth of 27 children aged between 4 and 10 years. QLF-D images were obtained before and after the application of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel for 1โ€ฏmin, and the ฮ”F values at 0 and 4 weeks (ฮ”F(0) and ฮ”F(4), respectively) and the recovery rates (Rฮ”F) of the lesions were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the cutoff ฮ”F(0) value at which recovery of the lesion with fluoride treatment remained feasible. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recovery patterns of ฮ”F 4 weeks after fluoride application differed depending on the ฮ”F(0) values. The incipient lesions with ฮ”F(0) values of less than -13.00 recovered 4 weeks after fluoride application (Pโ€ฏ<โ€ฏ 0.001) and had an average Rฮ”F value of 19.27%. The results indicate that a ฮ”F(0) cutoff value can be determined for predicting the effects of remineralization after fluoride application and quantitative prognostic data can be provided to patients.restrictio

    Improving the efficacy of chlorhexidine-releasing elastomerics using a layer-by-layer coating technique

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    The aims of this study were to identify the optimal concentration of coated orthodontic elastomerics using a layer-by-layer technique that can release chlorhexidine (CHX) as an antimicrobial material, and to measure the physical properties and antimicrobial effects of the coated elastomerics. Ethyl cellulose (EC) was used as the polymer, and five study groups with various combinations of solvents (i.e., ethanol and dichloromethane [DCM]) were included. The coated elastomerics were evaluated with a spectrophotometer to confirm the release of CHX, and their surfaces were observed by SEM. The CHX+EC+DCM group sustained antimicrobial release for the longest period (168 h, p<0.001) and exhibited the largest antimicrobial effect in an inhibition zone test using S. mutans for 7 days (p<0.05). This group had most effective physical properties and antimicrobial effects of coated elastomerics produced using a layerby-layer technique, and so its composition should be considered for use in clinical applications in orthodontics.ope

    A new screening method to detect proximal dental caries using fluorescence imaging

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    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the screening performance of the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology to detect proximal caries using both fluorescence loss and red fluorescence in a clinical situation. Moreover, a new simplified QLF score for the proximal caries (QS-Proximal) is proposed and its validity for detecting proximal caries was evaluated as well. METHODS: This clinical study included 280 proximal surfaces, which were assessed by visual-tactile and radiographic examinations and scored by each scoring system according to lesion severity. The occlusal QLF images were analysed in two different ways: (1) a quantitative analysis producing fluorescence loss (ฮ”F) and red fluorescence (ฮ”R) parameters; and (2) a new QLF scoring index. For both quantitative parameters and QS-Proximal, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated as a function of the radiographic scoring index at the enamel and dentine caries levels. RESULTS: Both ฮ”F and ฮ”R showed excellent AUROC values at the dentine caries level (ฮ”F=0.860, ฮ”R=0.902) whereas a relatively lower value was observed at the enamel caries level (ฮ”F=0.655, ฮ”R=0.686). The QS-Proximal also showed excellent AUROC ranged from 0.826 to 0.864 for detecting proximal caries at the dentine level. CONCLUSION: The QS-Proximal, which represents fluorescence changes, showed excellent performance in detecting proximal caries using the radiographic score as the gold standard.restrictio

    Development of a fluorescence-image scoring system for assessing noncavitated occlusal caries

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    BACKGROUND: This study aimed (1) to develop a scoring system based on a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) score for the occlusal caries (QS-Occlusal) that standardizes the fluorescence properties of noncavitated lesions from QLF images, (2) to confirm the validity and reliability of QS-Occlusal, and (3) to determine whether it is possible to replace existing clinical examinations by image evaluations based on the developed QS-Occlusal for assessing occlusal caries lesions. METHODS: This clinical study investigated 791 teeth of 94 subjects. The teeth were assessed by visual and tactile examinations using ICDAS criteria and quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) image examinations. QS-Occlusal was divided into four stages (from 0 to 3) based on the progression level of the lesion and the fluorescence loss and red fluorescence on captured QLF-D images. Two trained examiners who were not involved in the visual examination evaluated occlusal fluorescence images using QS-Occlusal. The maximum loss of fluorescence (DeltaFmax) and the maximum change in the ratio of red and green fluorescence (DeltaRmax) were quantitatively analyzed by the QA2 software to detect differences between the QS-Occlusal groups. The modalities were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve for three different thresholds of the ICDAS codes: 0 vs 1-4 (D1), 0-2 vs 3/4 (D2), and 0-3 vs 4 (D3). RESULTS:DeltaFmaxincreased significantly by about 4.7-fold (from 15.94 to 75.63) when QS-Occlusal increased from 0 to 3. DeltaRmax was about 6.2-fold higher for QS-Occlusal=1 (49.74) than for QS-Occlusal=0 (8.04), and 21.6-fold higher for QS-Occlusal=3 (P<0.05). The new QS-Occlusal showed an excellent AUROC (ranging from 0.807 to 0.976) in detecting occlusal caries when optimum cutoff values were applied. The intra- and interexaminer agreements indicated excellent reliability, with ICC values of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The QS-Occlusal proposed in this study can be used in the clinical detection of noncavitated lesions with an excellent diagnostic ability. This makes it possible to replace clinical examinations and intuitively evaluate the lesion severity and status relatively easily and objectively by applying this scoring system to fluorescence images.restrictio
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