15 research outputs found

    Face detection and recognition using ellipsodal information and wavelet packet analysis

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    ์ƒ์ฒด๊ณตํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์› ํ™•์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์ ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ์ด ์ ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ตœ๊ทผ 10์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.//์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์˜์ƒ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์‹ ๊ฒฝํšŒ๋กœ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  /ํŒจํ„ด์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ์„ ์ง„ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„์™€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์— 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™์ œ์  ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ ์ „๊ฐœ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹ค์šฉํ™”์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ , ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ › ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.//์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ ›์€ 1983๋…„ Moret์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ/๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•ด์„ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ถ„์„ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋“ฑ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Wavelet ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์—๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, /์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜์ƒ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐ ์—์ง€๊ฒ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ์˜์ƒ์žฌ์ƒ, ์˜์ƒ์••์ถ•๋“ฑ/์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‘์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. //๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด ์ธ์‹ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ /๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ › ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ˜•ํŒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œํ›„ ์–ผ๊ตด ์˜์—ญ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜ํ‰, ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์˜์‹œ์ผœ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์› ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ์–ผ๊ตด์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.//๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด ์ธ์‹ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์›จ์ด๋ธ”๋ › ํŒจํ‚ท 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ 16๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€/์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰, ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์˜์‹œํ‚จํ›„ ๋ˆˆ, ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด 18๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋””์–ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํŠน์ง•๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.//์‹คํ—˜์€ Pentium III 112MB ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์–ผ๊ตด ์ธ์‹ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋งŒ์„ ์‹คํ—˜/ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, 200๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋‹น 3๊ฐ€์ง€์”ฉ ์ด 600๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์ƒ MIT FACES ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ 155๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋‹น 2๊ฐ€์ง€์”ฉ ์ด 310์žฅ์˜ ์˜์ƒ FERET ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ P.J. Phillips๊ฐ€ FERET ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์–ผ๊ตด ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” PCA๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ธ์‹์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์œ  ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ €์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค./ [์˜๋ฌธ]This paper deals with face detection and recognition using ellipsodal information and wavelet packet analysis. We proposed two methods. /First, Face detection method uses general ellisodal information of human face contour and we find eye position on wavelet transformed face images./A novel method for recognition of views of human faces under roughly /constant illuminantion is presented. /Second, The proposed Face recognition scheme is based on the analysis of a wavelet packet decomposition of the face images. Each face image is first located and then, described by a subset of band filtered images containing wavelet coefficients. From these wavelet coefficients, which characterize the face texture, the Euclidian distance can be used in order to classify the face feature vectors into person classes. /Experimental results are presented using images from the FERET and the /MIT FACES databases. The efficiency of the proposed approach is analyzed /according to the FERET evaluation procedure and by comparing our results /with those obtained using the well-known Eigenfaces method. The proposed /system achieved an rate of 97%(MIT data) ,95.8%(FERET databace)ope

    The Effects of Social Capital Characteristics on Individual Job Performance and job Attitudes

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด ์—…๋ฌด์กฐ์–ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ, ์ค‘์ฒฉ์„ฑ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ(task performance)์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ(contextual performance)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด 11๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—… 283๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ค‘์ฒฉ์„ฑ์€ ์—…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œ„์น˜(๋งค๊ฐœ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ)๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์€ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.This study investigates the relationships of social capital characteristics and individual job performance. I measured indegree centrality, multiplexity, and structural hole (betweenness centrality) of task advice network within work groups, and examined the effects of these social capital variables on individual task performance and contextual performance. The mediating effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment were also analyzed through 283 individual-level network data from 11 Korean firms. Major findings are as follows: (1) Centrality and multiplexity within social network had significant positive influence on task- and contexutual-performance. (2) Structural hole position was negatively correlated with both of individual job performances. (3) Job satisfaction did not have any mediating effect on the relationship between centrality and job performance; the influence of centrality on contextual performance were partially mediated by organizational commitment, but the effect was limited
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