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    Development and Fundamental Study of Neutron Target System by 100 MeV Pulsed Proton Beam

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์›์žํ•ต๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ํ™ฉ์šฉ์„.๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์†์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์  ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๊ณ„์ธก์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Geant4 ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ, ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์Šคํ‹ธ๋ฒค ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๊ณ„์ธก๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ํƒ€์ž… ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ๋น„ํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ›„ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž ๋‹จ ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๋น” ๋คํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดํ›„ ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ํ‘œ์  ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์  ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2Kw์˜ ๋น” ํŒŒ์›Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–‘์„ฑ์ž๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋  ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž์›์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘ 1.1. Spallation Neutrons. ๏ผ‘๏ผ” 1.2. Atmospheric Neutrons. ๏ผ‘๏ผ• 1.3. Neutron Detection. ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ Chapter 2. Experimental Setup ๏ผ‘๏ผ™ 2.1. Neutron Production. ๏ผ‘๏ผ™ 2.1.1. 100 MeV Proton Linear Accelerator. ๏ผ‘๏ผ™ 2.1.2. Proton Beam Dump. ๏ผ’๏ผ 2.2. Fast Neutron Measurment. ๏ผ’๏ผ‘ Chapter 3. Monte-Carlo Simulation ๏ผ”๏ผ” 3.1. Geant4 Monte-Carlo Toolkit ๏ผ”๏ผ” 3.2. Neutron Generation Simulation ๏ผ”๏ผ• 3.3. Neutron Transport Simulation ๏ผ”๏ผ– 3.4. Detection Simulation. ๏ผ”๏ผ— 3.5. Simulation Compared with Experiment. ๏ผ•๏ผ Chapter 4. Neutron Target Design ๏ผ•๏ผ‘ 4.1. Neutron Target Material ๏ผ•๏ผ‘ 4.2. Neutron Target Design. ๏ผ•๏ผ• 4.3. Thermal Analysis ๏ผ•๏ผ˜ 4.4. Performance Evaluation ๏ผ•๏ผ™ Chapter 5. Conclusion ๏ผ–๏ผ‘ Bibliography ๏ผ–๏ผ’ Abstract in Korean ๏ผ–๏ผ–Maste

    ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ํ•œ์ธ์„ญ.๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ—Œ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ณตํŒ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ, ํƒ€๊ฑด์••๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์‚ฌ, ์‹ฌ์•ผ์กฐ์‚ฌ(์ฒ ์•ผ์กฐ์‚ฌ), ํ”ผ์˜์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณตํ‘œ, ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ณต์†Œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ, ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ, ๊ณตํŒ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ, ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์  ์ƒ์†Œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ๊ทน์  ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌํ•ด์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ํŒ๋ก€์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ํƒ€๊ฑด์••๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ–‰์œ„๋กœ์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์€ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์†Œ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋ก ์„ ์ ๊ทน ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ณต์†Œ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ‘  ํ”ผ์˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ™˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , โ‘ก ์†Œํ™˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ข ํ”ผ์˜์ž ๋“ฑ์„ ์†Œํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽธ์ฒ ํ•˜๊ณ , โ‘ฃ ํ”ผ์˜์ž ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ค ํƒ€๊ฑด์••๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , โ‘ฅ ์‹ฌ์•ผ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋˜, ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ํ—ˆ์šฉ์‚ฌ์œ  ์ค‘ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ฆ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ†ต์ง€์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ”ผ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํ†ต์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์†Œ์œ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ณต์†Œ์ œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ฐ”, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์–‘ํ˜•๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ทจ์ง€์—์„œ, ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํŠนํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1954๋…„ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์ •๋  ๋‹น์‹œ ์ ˆ์ถฉ์  ํƒ€ํ˜‘์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ์˜ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์ธก์ด ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ๋„๋Š”, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ํ†ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋กœ์„œ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋ฒ•์  ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ, โ‘  ์œ„์›์„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , โ‘ก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์š”์ฒญ, ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ ์‹ ์ฒญ, ์œ„์›๋“ค ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ข ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , โ‘ฃ ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ๋…์ž์  ์ง€์›์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ‘ค ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์†Œ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์  ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ”ผ์˜์ž ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ธ๋ฐ”, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  11 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋ชจ์Šต 11 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ 12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ 50 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ณตํŒ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ 54 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌํ•ด์„ยทํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ํ†ต์ œ 60 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํƒ€๊ฑด์••๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌํ•ด์„ 60 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณต์†Œ๊ถŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋ก ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์  ํŒ๋ก€์ ์šฉ 68 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌยท๊ธฐ์†Œ ์ ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ํ†ต์ œ 102 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ™”์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ™” 102 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ค€์ œ์˜ ๋„์ž… 132 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์‹ ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œํ•œ 145 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ถŒ ํ†ต์ œ 167 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ œ๋„ 167 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 168 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 193 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 221 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  234 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 238 Abstract 251Docto

    ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ ์ด‰๋งค ํ•˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ƒ๋“œ ์‹œ์•ฝ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถˆ์†Œํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์กฑ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œโ€“๋ถˆ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™”

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    DoctorFluorine is the most electronegative element and is widely applied in various fields such as materials, polymers, catalysts, agrochemicals, or pharmaceuticals due to its unique physical and chemical properties. In particular, when fluorine is introduced into pharmaceutical candidates, it can generally increase metabolic stability and membrane permeability, resulting in higher drug activity, and 18F-fluorination can contribute to clarifying the metabolic processes of the drugsthrough positron emission tomography (PET) technology. With the increasing importance of the fluorine atom in many fields, diverse fluorinating reagents and methods have been developed to date. The fluorination reactions may be considered more important than the defluorination reactions due to the unique properties of fluorine, but the defluorination reactions also have a great advantage in organic synthesis. Since Cโˆ’F bonds are one of the strongest bonds in general organic molecules, they are stable in most organic reactions, such as Cโˆ’H bond or Cโˆ’X bond functionalization (X=Cl, Br, I). Thus, Cโˆ’F bond functionalization can be applied to late-stage functionalization (LSF), an attractive strategy for synthesizing complex organic molecules. The detailed properties of fluorine and an overall preliminary study of the defluorination reactions will be introduced in the first chapter. In the second chapter, cobalt-catalyzed Cโˆ’F bond borylation of aryl fluorides will be described. Boronic esters can be used as a building block for various organic reactions, and organoboron compounds have the advantage of good stability and easy handling. In this study, the competitive aryl Cโˆ’H bonds were not affected, and the reaction could proceed under milder reaction conditions than the previously reported defluoroborylation reactions. A simple mechanism study was also carried out, and two-step 18F-fluorination was achieved for expanding the scope of 18F-positron emission tomography probes. In the third chapter, cobalt-catalyzed Cโˆ’F bond silylation of aryl fluorides via Grignard reagent formation will be discussed. Organosilanes are widely applied in various fields, such as organic electronics, photonics, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. This chapter describes selective defluorosilylation of the cobalt catalyst with a variety of inexpensive silicon sources. Further mechanism study was achieved and it supports in situ generation of Grignard reagent as a reaction intermediate. The reaction intermediate could be used in other organic synthesis reactions, such as phosphorylation or Kumada coupling reaction. In addition, defluorosilylated products could be converted into valuable building blocks

    Hydrothermal Evolution for the Inseong Au-Ag Deposit

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    ์ธ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ƒ์€ ์˜ฅ์ฒœ๋ˆ„์ธต๊ตฐ์˜ ํ™ฉ๊ฐ•๋ฆฌ์ธต ๋‚ด์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ ์—ด๊ทน ์ถฉ์ง„ ํ•จ ๊ธˆ-์€ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ์„์˜๋งฅ ๊ด‘ ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์ƒ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋“ค์€ ๋…น๋‹ˆ์„ํ™”, ๊ทœํ™”์ž‘์šฉ, ๊ฒฌ์šด๋ชจํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์งˆ์–‘์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์„ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ(stage 1)์—๋Š” ์žํ˜•์˜ ํ™ฉ์ฒ ์„ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋น„ ์ฒ ์„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด‘์„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”(barren) ์„์˜๋งฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ(stage 2) ์—๋Š” ์žํ˜• ์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์„์˜๋งฅ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋น„์ฒ ์„, ์„ฌ์•„์—ฐ์„, ํ™ฉ๋™์„, ํ™ฉ์ฒ ์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์—ฐ์„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ(stage 3)์—๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ์„์˜๋งฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ฌ์•„์—ฐ์„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ(stage 4)์— ๋Š” ์žํ˜•์˜ ์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํฌํšํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„๋งฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์•” ๋‚ด ํƒ„์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋ณ€์งˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์œ ๋น„์ฒ ์„, ํ™ฉ์ฒ ์„, ๋ฐฉ์—ฐ์„, ์„ฌ์•„์—ฐ์„ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉ๋™์„์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์œ ์ฒด ํฌ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์œ ์ฒด ํฌ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ท ์งˆํ™” ์˜จ๋„(Th: โ„ƒ)์™€ ์—ผ ๋†๋„ (NaCl equivalent wt%)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค; ์‹œ๊ธฐ 1 (270~342 โ„ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1.7~6.4 wt%), ์‹œ๊ธฐ 2 (108~351 โ„ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  0.5~7.5 wt%), ์‹œ๊ธฐ 3 (174~380 โ„ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  0.8~7.5 wt%) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ธฐ 4 (103~265 โ„ƒ ๊ทธ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  0.7~6.4 wt%). ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ท ์งˆํ™” ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์—ผ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ™” ์œ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜ผ์ž…์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๊ณผ ํฌ ์„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 0.5~1.5 km์˜ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ณ ์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ด์ˆ˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.N

    Bridging the Chasm between Design and Marketing: Problems and Solutions in the Integration Between Design and Marketing ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ํ˜‘์—…์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ: ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์‹œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

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    Abstract Although integrating design and marketing is critical for successful new product development (NPD), there has been a limited attention to the potential problems that arise during the NPD process and their possible solutions in academic literature. In order to narrow this gap, our study conducted a series of surveys of an interdisciplinary class project between marketing and design students over two year periods at one of U.S. universities. From the survey data collected from the total of 65 students who participated in the collaboration projects, we identified two most common problems: (1) conflict from the functional background, and (2) the conflict from imbalanced decision-making authority between design and marketing. In order to resolve such conflict, we found the two contrasting solutions: (1) facilitating communication an
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