ID1-Mediated BMP Signaling Pathway Potentiates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Response to Nutrient Replenishment

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a well-known incretin hormone secreted from enteroendocrinal L cells in response to nutrients, such as glucose and dietary fat, and controls glycemic homeostasis. However, the detailed intracellular mechanisms of how L cells control GLP-1 secretion in response to nutrients still remain unclear. Here, we report that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role to control GLP-1 secretion in response to nutrient replenishment in well-established mouse enteroendocrinal L cells (GLUTag cells). Nutrient starvation dramatically reduced cellular respiration and GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that nutrient starvation remarkably reduced gene expressions involved in BMP signaling pathway, whereas nutrient replenishment rescued BMP signaling to potentiate GLP-1 secretion. Transient knockdown of inhibitor of DNA binding (ID)1, a well-known target gene of BMP signaling, remarkably reduced GLP-1 secretion. Consistently, LDN193189, an inhibitor of BMP signaling, markedly reduced GLP-1 secretion in L cells. In contrast, BMP4 treatment activated BMP signaling pathway and potentiated GLP-1 secretion in response to nutrient replenishment. Altogether, we demonstrated that BMP signaling pathway is a novel molecular mechanism to control GLP-1 secretion in response to cellular nutrient status. Selective activation of BMP signaling would be a potent therapeutic strategy to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in order to restore glycemic homeostasis.ope

Epigenomic landscape exhibits interferon signaling suppression in the patient of myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) was developed at an unprecedented speed. Although most countries have achieved widespread immunity from vaccines and infections, yet people, even who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, are recommended to receive vaccination due to their effectiveness in lowering the risk of recurrent infection. However, the BNT162b2 vaccine has been reported to increase the risk of myocarditis. To our knowledge, for the first time in this study, we tracked changes in the chromatin dynamics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the patient who underwent myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination. A longitudinal study of chromatin accessibility using concurrent analysis of single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing showed downregulation of interferon signaling and upregulated RUNX2/3 activity in PBMCs. Considering BNT162b2 vaccination increases the level of interferon-α/γ in serum, our data highlight the immune responses different from the conventional responses to the vaccination, which is possibly the key to understanding the side effects of BNT162b2 vaccination. © 2023, The Author(s).ope

2014 NTIS 입력매뉴얼

비매

(An) Analytical Study on F. J. Haydn's Piano Sonata Hob. XVI:52 and R. Schumann's Piano Sonata Op.22

This thesis attempts to study analytically F. J. Haydn's Piano Sonata Hob, ⅩⅥ: 52 and R. Schumann's Piano Sonata Op. 22. F. J. Haydn(1732-1809) is a composer who completed a classical sonata style of the classical period. Haydn's Piano Sonata Hob. ⅩⅥ:52 was composed in 1794, and it is the last one of his fifty-two piano sonatas. It has same format as modern sonata form. This work is constructed in classical three movement form in fast-slow-fast order. The first movement is in sonata form, and use contrasting themes the first and the second theme. The second in ternary form is lyric used many ornaments and cadenza figure. The third in rondo-sonata form uses repeated notes and alternative hand on same fragment. This work is a masterpiece that displays his lifetime efforts at keyboard composing. In this work, virtuosity, harmonic audacity and lyric suavity are marvelously intermingled. Schumann is one of the representatives in Romanticism. His ability presents on the piano pieces. Schumann's Piano Sonata Op.22 is the second among his three piano sonatas, The first movement is in sonata form, the second in variation form, and the third is a scherzo. The fourth is in rondo form, Through a11 the movements, frequent chromatic progressions in the melody make it possible to be free in cadence and modulation. Imitatative counterpoint, sequential treatment, many dynamic indications, frequent tempo changes, and syncopation are seen in geat variety, and they are typical aspects of Romanticism. Therefore this piece follows a traditional classical sonata form as well as showing composition technique fo Romanticism and liberal construction.;본 논문은 필자의 석사과정 이수를 위한 졸업연주회의 연주곡목중 F.J.Haydn의 Piano Sonata Hob.ⅩⅥ:52와R.Schumann의 Piano Sonata Op.22를 분석 연구한 것이다. F.J.Haydn(1732-1809)은 고전시대의 대표적인 작곡가로서 고전시대의 가장 중요한 형식구조였던 소나타 형식을 완성시켰다. Haydn의 피아노 소나타 Hob, ⅩⅥ:52는 그의 52개의 피아노 소나타 중 1794년에 작곡된 마지막 소나타이며, 오늘날의 소나타 형식을 갖춘 작품이다. 빠르게-느리게-빠르게의 고전파의 3악장으로 구성되어 있으며, 소나타 형식의 1악장은 주제의 단일성을 벗어나 대조되는 제1주제와 제2주제를 사용하였다. 2악장은 복합 3부형식으로 많은 장식음, 카덴짜적 음형 등을 사용하여 서정적으로 쓰여졌다. 론도 소나타 형식의 3악장은 연타음, 양손을 교대로 반복하는 기법등이 사용되었다. 건반악기 작품에 대한 그의 일생의 노력을 보여주는 곡으로 기교성, 대담한 화성, 서정적 온유함등이 훌륭하게 결합되어 있는 작품이다. R.Schumann(1810-1850)은 낭만주의를 가장 잘 대표하는 작곡가의 한 사람으로 그의 진정한 능력은 피아노 소품에서 발휘되었다. Schumann의 피아노 소나타 G minor, Op.22는 그의 3곡의 소나타 중 제2번으로 1악장은 소나타 형식, 2악장은 자유스런 변주곡형식, 3악장은 스케르쪼, 4악장을 론도 형식으로 되어 인다. 전곡을 통하여 잦은 반음계적 선율진행과 그로 인한 종지와 전조의 자유로움이 보여지며 대위법적 작품 (모방 사용), 동형 진행, 많은 악상 기호와 잦은 템포의 변화, 당김음(syncopation) 등의 낭만적 특성들이 다양하게 보여진다. 따라서 이곡은 전형적인 고전주의 소나타 형식을 따르면서도 낭만주의 작곡기법과 구성의 자유로움을 지니고 있다.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅳ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 Ⅱ. Haydn의 Piano Sonata Hob. ⅩⅥ:52 = 2 A. Haydn의 Piano Sonata와 Hob. ⅩⅥ:52의 작품배경 = 2 B. Sonata Hob. ⅩⅥ:52의 분석 = 6 Ⅲ. Schumann의 Piano Sonata Op.22 = 20 A. Schumann의 피아노 음악과 피아노 소나타 Op.22의 작품배경 = 20 B. 피아노 소나타 Op.22의 분석 = 24 Ⅳ. 결론 = 44 참고문헌 = 45 ABSTRACT = 4

경제 위기 기간에 Operational flexibility가 기업 성과에 미치는 영향

Thesis(masters) --서울대학교 대학원 :경영학과(경영학전공),2010.2.Maste