66 research outputs found

    ๊ธด๊ธ‰๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋””์Šคํฌ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1999.Maste

    Search for procedural rationality under uncertainty, ambiguity, and dilemma

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์†์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์Œ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์„ค์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ œ๋„๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์„ ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‹ค ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ™์„ ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋Œ€์‘ ์–‘์ƒ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ด์„์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…์žฅ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Objective of this paper is to identify the way how a system to make an institutional response to the situation of uncertainty, ambiguity, and dilemma in order to achieve procedural rationality. Under uncertainty policy makers tends to adopt an information processing mechanism to handle situational complexity a system faces. Under ambiguity a system improve consitutive rules for multiple actors understand each other through double interactions. As they feel enough information to make decision they stop to search for new information. But when they have not enough information and they feel urgent pressure to make decision, and competing parties distrust each other and other neutral institutions, both situations of uncertainty and ambiguity changed to be a dilemma. Under dilemma situation regardless of its information condition policy makers react temporarily until situation to become favorable. These reactions are: avoidance of decision, stop and go policy, reaction by formalism, symbolic reaction, enlargement of resource to give opponents. They also seek to resolve it following the institutional mechanisms including public deliberation process. They are mutual adjustment, judicial process including alternative dispute resolution, special committees or work groups, legislative process, and voting. We also suggest five conditions for a system to make genuine public deliberation. The more complex and difficult a dilemma is the more legitimate and complex mechanism are required in order to get compliance from the opponents.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํŠน๋ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    Mechanism of inhibitory effect of imipramine on isolated rat detrusor muscle in relation to calcium modulation

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์œ ๋‡จ์ฆ์€ ์†Œ์•„์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ ์žฅ์• ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์ •์‹ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ฐฐ๋‡จํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ค‘๋‹จ์š”๋ฒ•, ์ตœ๋ฉด์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๋Š” ์œ ๋‡จ์ฆ์— ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ imipramine์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Imipramine์ด ์œ ๋‡จ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ค์€ ๋ง์ดˆ์„ฑ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šค์นด๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ต๊ฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง๋‹จ์—์„œ์˜ catecholamine ์žฌ์„ญ์ทจ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๊ทผ ์ด์™„ ์ž‘์šฉ๋“ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ž‘์šฉ์— ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด๋™ ์–ต์•• ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ์ฅ์˜ ์ ์ถœ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ ์ ˆํŽธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ imipramine์˜ ํ•ญ์œ ๋‡จ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ calcium ๋™์›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ ์ ˆํŽธ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ž๊ทน ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ˆ˜์ถ• ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ imipramine์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, atropine์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋†๋„์—์„œ๋„ ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2. Imipramine์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์žฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์–ต์ œ์ž‘์šฉ์€ diltiazem์— ์˜ํ•œ ์–ต์ œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ atropine์€ ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ์ ˆํŽธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3. Imipramine์€ bethanechol ์œ ๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ณผ adenosine triphosphate(ATP) ์œ ๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์••ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. Imipramine์€ ์นผ์Š˜๋ฐฐ์ œ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ฑ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ diltiazem๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์šฉ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. Imipramine์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ์ ˆํŽธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์€ calcium ionophore์ธ A23187์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นผ์Š˜๋ฐฐ์ œ ์˜์–‘์•ก์— ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, imi-pramine์„ ์ „์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” A23187 ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8)์„ ์ „์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ A23187์€ ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด์•„ imipramine ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋‡จ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์ถ• ์–ต์ œ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šค์นด๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ด‰์‡„์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์„ธํฌ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ์œ ์ž…์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Enuresis is a common voiding disorder among children. There are several therapeutic regimens for the disorder available today; behavioral therapies, psychotherapy, bladder training, sleep interruption, hypnosis and drug therapy. Recently, the efficacy of drug therapy has been acknowledged, particularly of antidepressants. Among the tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine is most frequently employed for the treatment of enuresis. Present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of imipramine on the contractility of urinary bladder in relation to the calcium modulation using isolated strips of rat detrusor urinal. 1. The electric field stimulation-induced contraction was abolished by imiprarnine, but partially inhibited by atropine. 2. Imipramine reduced the basal tone and diminished the phasic activity of detrusor muscle concentration-dependently, which was similar to that of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker. 3. Imipramine suppressed the maximal responses and shifted the concentration-response curves of bethanechol and ATP to right. 4. Imipramine inhibited the calcium-induced recovery of tension in calcium-free physiologic salt solution(PSS) with a mode of action similar to that of diltiazem. 5. A23l87, a calcium ionophore recovered the basal tone which had been reduced by imipramine in normal PSS. 6. In calcium-free PSS, A23187 could not recover the abolished basal tone with the pretreatment of imipramine, but it exerted a Partial recovery with the pretreatment of TMB-8, an inhibitor of intracellular calcium release. Based on these results, it is suggested that the inhibitory action of imipramine on the detrusor muscle exerted in part by blockade of the muscarinic and purinergic receptors, and interference with the influx of extracellular calcium, but not with the release of intracellular stored calcium, is involved in its mechanism of action.restrictio

    ์ธ์ฒด ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ด€์ ˆ ์œคํ™œ์„ธํฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ „๊ณต,1995.Maste

    3์ฐจ์› ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ์•… ์ œ1 ์œ ๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜๊ด€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„์น˜๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste

    Effectof sulfur on blood alcohol level in rabbits

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์œ ํ™ฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด (ๅ–ฎใ€€)๋กœ์„œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์žฅํ•˜์ œ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์งˆํ™˜๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์‹ ์˜ํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์—ด๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜๋งˆ๋น„ (general pareais)์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ณต์šฉ์‹œ ์ฃผ์ •์„ญ์ทจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ฃผ์ •๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ chlorpromazine๊ณผ lithium์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€ํ†  ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์ •๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์œ ํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ†  ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์ •๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ด„์€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘ 2.0 โˆผ 3.0ใŽ์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ ์ž์›… ๊ฐ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๋น„๊ต๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ •๋งŒ ๋‹จ๋… ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4์•„๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ํ™ฉ์€ sublomed sulfur๋ฅผ ์บก์Š์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1) ์ฃผ์ •+์œ ํ™ฉ 1์ผ 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ ์—ฐ 5์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ 2) ์ฃผ์ •+์œ ํ™ฉ 1์ผ 100 ใŽŽ/ใŽ ์—ฐ 10์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ 3) ์ฃผ์ •+์œ ํ™ฉ 1์ผ 2OO ใŽŽ/ใŽ ์—ฐ 5์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ 4) ์ฃผ์ •+์œ ํ™ฉ 1์ผ 200 ใŽŽ/ใŽ ์—ฐ 10์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ 4. ์ฃผ์ •ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” 20% ethanol์šฉ์•ก์„ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋งค ใŽ๋‹น 5.0ใŽ–๋ฅผ ์ด๋ณ€์ •๋งฅ๋‚ด๋กœ 5๋ถ„๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. ์ฑ„ํ˜ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์ •ํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ 15๋ถ„๊ณผ 75๋ถ„์— ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ฒœ์ž๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6. ์ฃผ์ •์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘๋†๋„๋Š” Cavett์”จ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์œ ํ™ฉ์„ 1์ผ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ์”ฉ ์—ฐ 5์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ, ์ฃผ์ •ํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ 15๋ถ„ ๋ฐ 45๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์ •๋†๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2.์œ ์ดน์„ 1์ผ 100ใŽŽ/ใŽ์”ฉ ์—ฐ 10์ผ ๋ฐ 1์ผ 200ใŽŽ/ใŽ ์—ฐ 5์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ, ์ฃผ์ •ํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ 15๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์ •๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ 45๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3 .์œ ํ™ฉ์„ 1์ผ 2OOใŽŽ/ใŽ์”ฉ ์—ฐ 10์ผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ, ์ฃผ์ •ํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ 15๋ถ„ ๋ฐ 45๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์ •๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Sulfur, which is a simple element, has been known as an important component of enzymes and other organic substances. It was once used in the pyretotherapy of dementia praecox and general paresis and a small dose of it was also used in neurosis. And sulfur was known to cause some calming effects, drowsiness, narcosis and central motor depression. It has been lately reported that chloropromazine, lithium ion, antidepressant drug, and several other psychotropic drugs elevated blood alcohol level in rabbits. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effect of sulfur on blood alcohollevel in rabbits. Material and Method 1. The experiental work was done on mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2.0 and 3.0 kg. 2. The experimental animals were divided into two groups; the control and the experimental group. 3. The control group was given alcohol alone 4. The experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups; a) alcohol plus sulfur, 100 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. b) alcohol plus sulfur, 100 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. c) alcohol plus sulfur, 200 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days. d) alcohol plus sulfur, 200 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. 5. Sublimed sulfur was given orally in a single dose daily at a fixed time. The last dose was given one hour and a haIf before alcohol administration . 6. In all groups, 20% ethanol solution was slowly given in adose of 5.0 ใŽ–/ใŽ of body weight for 5 minutes by intravenous route. 7. All of the blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administration. 8. The determination of blood alcohol level was made by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol plus sulfur. daily 100 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days Sulfur did not changed the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 and 45minutes after alcohol administration (re-Spectively, p> 0.3, p> 0.5). 2. Alcohol plus sulfur, 7aily 100 mg/kg of body weight for 10days Sulfur elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at 15 minutes after alcoholadministration (p 0.8). 3. Alcohol plus sulfur, daily 200 mg/kg of body weight for 5days . Sulfur elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at 15 minutes after alcoholadministration (p 0.1) . 4. Alcohol plus sulfur, daily 200 mg/kg of body weight for 10days . Sulfur elevated the blood alcohol level significantly at both 15 minutes and 45minutes after alcohol administration (respectively p< 0.01, p <0.02). Conclusion 1. The orally administrated sulfur in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days has nosignigicant effect on blood alcohol level in rabbits. 2. The orally administrated sulfur in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 10 days and 200mg/kg/day for 5 days has elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at 15 minutesafter alcohol administrations, but not at 45 minutes. 3. The orally administrated sulfur in a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days has elevated significantly the blood alcohol level in rabbits at both 15 and 45 minutes after alcohol administriation.restrictio

    Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite Oxide Series electrode material for Solid Oxide fuel cell and Manufacturing Method thereof

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    ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ, ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ ์กฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ด์˜จ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž ์ „๋„์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ทน์šฉ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž LSCF ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€ ์ „๊ทน ์†Œ์žฌ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ LSCF ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€ ์ „๊ทน ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š”, La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-ฮด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, 0.78 โ‰ค x โ‰ค 0.82์ด๊ณ , 0.18 โ‰ค y โ‰ค 0.22 ์ด๋ฉฐ, 0 โ‰ค ฮด โ‰ค 1์ธ ๋ž€ํƒ„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ํŠฌ ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ ์ฒ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค
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