파킨슨병 환자에서 시공간 인지 기능에 대한 시신경 손상의 예측성

의과대학/석사Objective: To explore the microstructural integrity of the optic nerve and its role as a visuospatial cognitive predictor in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) using diffusion tensor image-based magnetic resonance scans. Methods: We enrolled 82 patients with de novo PD; 36 patients had drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), and 36 were normal controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured on the mid-portion of the intraorbital optic nerve. A linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate PD patients based on a longitudinal change in cognitive subscore of a comprehensive neuropsychological test and optic nerve integrity. Results: The mean FA value in PD was significantly lower (0.552 ± 0.103, p < 0.001) than that in DIP (0.645 ± 0.099) or the normal controls (0.689 ± 0.089), whereas the mean ADC value was significantly higher in the PD group compared to the DIP or control group (p < 0.001). Optic nerve integrity was not significantly related to parkinsonian motor severity, striatal dopamine transporter activity, or olfactory performance in PD patents. In a longitudinal assessment of cognition in PD patients, the lower FA group had a more rapid decline in Rey complex figure test performance (-4.26; 95% CI, -8.31 to -0.40; p = 0.031) and Clock drawing tests (-1.35; 95% CI, -2.59 to -0.11; p = 0.034) than the higher FA group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that microstructural integrity in the optic nerve was distorted in PD patients, and that this nerve integrity might act as a cognitive predictor of visuospatial dysfunction.ope

Results of Microfracture in the Osteoarthritic Knee with Focal Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects and Concomitant Medial Meniscal Tears

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic microfracture in patients with focal full-thickness cartilage defects in the osteoarthritic knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into group I (n=38) who underwent microfracture plus meniscectomy and group II (n=38) who underwent only meniscectomy. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: At the time of the three-year follow-up, a total of five failures (6.6%) were reported: four patients in group I and one in group II. The two groups showed no significant difference in the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity score and the visual analog pain scale score at three years after surgery. However, at the time of the three-month follow-up, group II showed significantly more improvement in the Tegner activity and the visual analog pain score compared with group I. CONCLUSIONS: In the osteoarthritic knee, additional microfracture did not confer any additional benefit to meniscectomy.ope

Gender Differences in Age-Related Striatal Dopamine Depletion in Parkinson's Disease

OBJECTIVE:Gender differences are a well-known clinical characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). In-vivo imaging studies demonstrated that women have greater striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) activity than do men, both in the normal population and in PD patients. We hypothesize that women exhibit more rapid aging-related striatal DAT reduction than do men, as the potential neuroprotective effect of estrogen wanes with age. METHODS:This study included 307 de novo PD patients (152 men and 155 women) who underwent DAT scans for an initial diagnostic work-up. Gender differences in age-related DAT decline were assessed in striatal sub-regions using linear regression analysis. RESULTS:Female patients exhibited greater DAT activity compared with male patients in all striatal sub-regions. The linear regression analysis revealed that age-related DAT decline was greater in the anterior and posterior caudate, and the anterior putamen in women compared with men; we did not observe this difference in other sub-regions. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated the presence of gender differences in age-related DAT decline in striatal sub-regions, particularly in the antero-dorsal striatum, in patients with PD, presumably due to aging-related decrease in estrogen. Because this difference was not observed in the sensorimotor striatum, this finding also suggests that women may not have a greater capacity to tolerate PD pathogenesis than do men.ope

Striatal Dopamine Depletion Patterns and Early Non-Motor Burden in Parkinsons Disease

BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that Parkinson patients with more non-motor symptoms have a different pattern of striatal dopamine depletion, particularly in areas other than the sensorimotor striatum, compared to those with fewer non-motor symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a prospective survey of the degree of non-motor symptoms (using the Korean version of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; K-NMSS) in 151 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease who had undergone a dopamine transporter PET scan as an initial diagnostic procedure. We classified the patients into two groups; high non-motor patients (HNM-PD; K-NMSS score ≥ 41) and low non-motor patients (LNM-PD). RESULTS: Patients in the HNM-PD group (n = 71) were older, had longer symptom duration, exhibited more severe motor deficits, and had been prescribed higher levodopa-equivalent doses at follow-up than those in the LNM-PD group. However, dopamine transporter binding to the striatal sub-regions and inter-sub-regional binding ratios were comparable between the two groups. A general linear model showed that the HNM-PD group had significantly more severe motor deficits than the LNM-PD group after controlling for age, gender, symptom duration, and dopamine transporter binding to the sensorimotor striatum. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the pattern of striatal dopamine depletion does not contribute to early non-motor burden in Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that LNM-PD patients may have a more benign course of motor symptom progression than HNM-PD patients.ope

Apathy and olfactory dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVE: Olfactory and emotional dysfunctions are very common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Olfaction and emotions share common neuroanatomical substrates. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the association between olfactory and emotional dysfunctions in patients with PD. METHODS: Parkinson's disease patients who had been assessed for their olfactory function and neuropsychiatric symptoms including emotional dysfunction were included. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between low olfaction and different neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: The patients with low olfaction (cross cultural smell identification test score ≤ 6) showed a higher prevalence of apathy when compared with those with high olfaction, whereas the frequencies of other neuropsychiatric symptoms were comparable between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of apathy/indifference [odds ratio (OR) = 2.859, p = 0.007], age 70 years or more (OR = 2.281, p = 0.009), and the male gender (OR = 1.916, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with low olfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that apathy/indifference is a unique emotional dysfunction associated with olfactory dysfunction in PD. The findings also suggest that PD patients with low olfaction have a high prevalence of apathy.ope

Fixation of Olecranon Fractures Using Plating System

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of plate fixation for olecranon fractures which was difficult to be fixed firmly with tension band wiring alone. Materials and Methods: From 1995 through 2008, 20 patients who underwent plate fixation of an olecranon fracture were included in this retrospective study. According to the Mayo classification, there were 3 type IIA fracture, 7 type IIB, and 10 type IIIB fractures. Clinical evaluation was done based on radiographic union of olecranon and measurements of range of motion at last follow-up. Disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score and Mayo Elbow Performance score was used for evaluation of functional recovery. Results: Union was achieved in 18 (90%) at an average of 5.6 months. The mean arc of elbow motion was 123° and the mean rotation arc was 81°. According to the MEPS, sixteen of twenty patients had a good or excellent outcome. The mean DASH score was 16.3. Most common complication was hardware irritation in 3 patients. Conclusion: Plate fixation is an effective treatment option for severe olecranon fracture pattern like comminuted fractures, Monteggia equivalent with unstable elbows and nonunions.ope

어머니의 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 경제개념 발달과의 관계

본 연구의 목적은 어머니의 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 경제개념 발달과의 관계를 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위한 구체적인 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식은 어떠한가? 1-1. 어머니의 연령에 따른 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 1-2. 어머니의 학력에 따른 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 1-3. 어머니의 취업 여부에 따른 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 1-4. 가정의 소득수준에 따른 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 1-5. 유아의 연력에 따른 어머니의 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 1-6. 유아의 성별에 따른 어머니의 소비자교육 인식은 차이가 있는가? 2. 유아의 경제개념 발달은 어떠한가? 2-1. 유아의 연령에 따른 경제개념 발달은 차이가 있는가? 2-2. 유아의 성별에 따른 경제개념 발달은 차이가 있는가? 2-3. 가정의 소득수준에 따른 경제개념 발달은 차이가 있는가? 3. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 경제개념 발달과는 상관관계가 있는가? 본 연구의 대상은 경기도에 위치한 두 곳의 유치원 만4세 유아와 그 유아의 어머니 각각 71명씩 71쌍과 만 5세 유아의 어머니 각각 89명씩 89쌍으로 총 160명이다. 어머니의 소비자 교육 인식을 알아보기 위해, 이기숙(1998)이 개발한 질문지를 사용하였으며, 유아의 경제개념 발달을 알아보기 위해 Laney(1995)가 개발한 질문지를 번안하여 사용하였다. 자료의 부석은 빈도와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t 검증, F검증과 Scheffe 사후검증, 상관분석에 의해 분석되었으며, SPSS 통계 프로그램을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 소비자교육 인식은 평균이 3.51(범위 1-5)로 대체로 높은 편이었다. 하위 영역별로는 ‘가치 교육’이 가장 높았으며, ‘시민의식교육’, ‘구매 교육’ 순으로 나타났다. 또한 어머니의 연령은 낮을수록, 어머니의 학력은 높을수록 어머니의 전체 및 하위영역별 소비자교육 인식은 높게 나타났으나, 유아의 성별에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 유아의 경제개념 발달은 평균이 0.54(범위 1-5)로 중간 정도의 이해를 보였다. 하위 경제개념별로는 ‘보충과 대안’이 가장 발달하였으며, ‘자원과 생산’, ‘기회비용’, ‘화폐가치’, ‘교환가치’, ‘재화와 용역’, ‘희소성’의 순으로 나타났다. 연령에 따른 유아의 경제개념은 발달이 높게 나타났으며, 하위 경제개념별로 ‘화폐가치’, ‘기회비용’, ‘자원과 생산’, ‘보충과 대안’에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 어머니의 전체 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 전체 경제개념 발달과는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 어머니의 전체 소비자교육 인식과 하위 경제개념발달과는 ‘기회비용’과 가장 높은 상관을 나타내었으며, ‘희소성’과 가장 낮은 상관을 가지고 있었다. 유아의 전체 경제개념 발달과 어머니의 하위 영역별 소비자교육 인식의 상관에서는, ‘시민의식교육’이 가자 dshv은 상관을 나타냈으며, ‘가치교육’, ‘구매교육’의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 어머니의 하위 영역별 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 하위 경제개념 발달과의 상관에서, ‘가치교육’은 ‘희소성’, ‘보충과 대안’과 높은 상관을 보여주었으며, ‘시민의식교육’은 나머지 개념, 즉 ‘화폐 가치’, ‘교환가치’, ‘기회비용’, ‘자원과 생산’, ‘재화와 용역’과 높은 상관을 보여주었다. ; The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between mothers’ cognition on consumer education and children’s development of economic concept. For the above purpose, the research questions established in this study are as follows: 1. How is the mothers’ level of cognition on consumer education? 1-1. Is there any difference in mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to their age? 1-2. Is there any difference in mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to their education level? 1-3. Is there any difference in mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to their employment? 1-4. Is there any difference in mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to income? 1-5. Is there any difference in mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to children’s age? 1-6. Is there any difference I mothers’ cognition on consumer education according to children’s gender? 2. How is the level of children’s development of economic concept? 2-1. Is there any difference in children’s development of economic concept according to their age? 2-2. Is there any difference in children’s development of economic concept according to their gender? 2-3. Is there any difference in children’s development of economic concept according to income? 3. Is there any correlation between mothers’ cognition on consumer education and children’s development of economic concept ? The subjects of this study are 160 children and their 160 mothers, 71 pairs (mother &amp;amp; child) at 4 years old and 89 pairs at 5 years old, selected from two kindergartens located in Kyoung-Gi area. For the study of mother’s cognition on consumer education, Lee kii sook’s questionnaire(1998) was used and for children’s development of economic concept, modified Korean version of Laney(1995) was used. The collected data was statistically processed and analyzed by mean frequency, standard deviation, t-test, F-distribution (ANOVA) and Scheffe test, and Pearson’s biavarite correlation of the SPSS program. The results of this study are as follows: First, the average score of cognition on consumer education was 3.51 on the scale of 1-5. As to subscale, it was found ‘value education’ highest, then ‘citizenship education’, ‘purchase education’ in its descending order. It was found that lower the age, and higher the education, higher level of cognition on consumer education and yet there was no difference whether or not employed. Also, it was found that lower the income, and higher the children’s age, higher level of cognition on total and subtotal consumer education and there was no significant difference by children’s gender. Second, the average score of children’s development of economic concept was .54 on the scale of 0-1. As to subscale, ‘complements &amp;amp; substitutes’ the highest, and ‘goods &amp;amp; services,’ ‘opportunity cost,’ ‘monetary value’, ‘exchange value’, ‘scarcity’ in its descending order. Older aged children showed higher level of development of economic concept, yet there was no gender difference. Also, lower the income level, higher level of development of economic concept, there were significant difference. Third, there was, as a whole, significant correlation between mothers’ cognition on consumer education and children’s development of economic concept. Among the subscales, ‘opportunity cost’ showed the highest correlation to mother’s cognition on consumer education, ‘scarcity’ showed the lowest. Also, Among the mothers’ subscales, ‘citizenship education’ showed the highest correlation to the children’s development of economic concept, then ‘value education’, ‘purchase education’ in its descending order. Also, among the children’s subscales, ‘scarcity’, ‘complements &amp;amp; substitutes’ were highly correlated to ‘value education’ of mothers’ cognition on consumer education. And the rest of subscales, ‘monetary value’, ‘exchange value’, ‘opportunity cost’, ‘resource &amp;amp; production’ ‘goods &amp;amp; services’ were highly correlated to ‘citizenship education’ of other’s cognition on consumer education.논문개요 = vi Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 = 1 B. 연구의 목적 및 문제 = 4 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5 A. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식 = 5 1. 유아 소비자 교육 = 5 2. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식 = 7 3. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식에 영향을 미치는 관련 변인 = 10 B. 유아의 경제개념 발달 = 13 1. 경제개념의 발달단계 = 13 2. 유아 경제개념의 중요성 = 17 3. 유아 경제개념의 발달적 특징 = 20 4. 유아의 경제개념 발달에 영향을 미치는 관련 변인 = 31 C. 어머니의 소비자교육에 대한 인식과 유아의 경제개념 발달과의 관계 = 33 Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 40 A. 연구 대상 = 40 B. 연구 도구 = 41 C. 연구 절차 = 44 D. 자료 분석 = 46 Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 해석 = 48 A. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식 = 48 B. 유아의 경제개념 발달 = 54 C. 어머니의 소비자교육 인식과 유아의 경제개념 발달과의 관계 = 58 Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 = 60 A. 논의 = 60 B. 결론 및 제언 = 68 참고문헌 = 70 부록 = 83 ABSTRACT = 10

(A)Descriptive study of value orientations of secondary physical education teachers

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :체육교육과,2005.Docto

경기도 권역별 미세먼지 특성분석 및 관리방안에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 공학대학원 :환경안전공학과,2019. 2한국보건사회연구원이 지난해 성인 3,839명을 대상으로 실시한 조사에서 국민이 불안을 느끼는 가장 큰 위험 요소로 미세먼지와 같은 대기오염을 꼽았다. 지난 11월 8일 정부는 국민의 일상에 엄청난 고통과 불편을 주는 미세먼지 문제를 해결하고자 종합관리대책을 발표하기도 했다. 정부는 미세먼지를 줄이기 위해 2030년까지 공공기관 경유차를 없애기로 하는 등 10여 년 전부터 시행해온 ‘클린디젤’ 정책을 폐기하겠다고 밝혔다. 석탄발전소의 가동중지(셧다운) 대상도 종전 30년 이상 노후발전소에서 조정하기로 했다. 또한, 내년 2월부터 공공부문 외 민간 차량에 대해서도 배출가스 등급에 따라 2부제를 적용할 방침이다. 이처럼 어느새 미세먼지는 우리의 삶 속에 깊숙이 들어와 있다. 이제는 매일 검색하는 뉴스기사보다 그날의 미세먼지 데이터가 익숙해져 있다. 물론, 미세먼지는 중국, 북한 등 이웃나라의 영향이 있다. 하지만, 그것은 외교적인 문제로 풀어야 할 것으로 손을 놓고 있을 수는 없다. 정부차원의 대책과 동시에 경기도에서 생성되는 미세먼지(1차, 2차)의 현황을 알고 지역 대책을 세워 줄여나가는 것은 반드시 필요하다. 따라서, 도시와 농촌, 산업단지와 주거지역 등이 혼재되어 있으며, 총면적이 10,184 ㎢에 달하고 1,300만이 거주하는 메가도시 경기도의 미세먼지 관리방안을 마련하기 위해서는 현재 추진 중인 ‘경기도 알프스 프로젝트’가 통합적인 방식을 취해왔다면, 앞으로는 특정이 비슷한 지역을 그룹화하여 사업을 추진하는 맞춤형 대책이 필요하다. 그러므로, 도시와 농촌, 산업단지, 주거지역 등 5개 권역으로 크게 나눠서 오염원 데이터를 분석하고 권역별 미세먼지 저감 대책을 제시해보았다. 본 논문은 현재, 개별사업 위주의 경기도 미세먼지 정책에 새로운 패러다임을 제시하여 경기도 미세먼지 감축정책 수립에 조금이나마 도움이 되길 바란다.Ⅰ. 서 론 1 1. 연구의 배경 1 2. 연구의 목적 1 3. 연구 방법 및 범위 2 Ⅱ. 관련연구 3 1. 미세먼지의 정의 3 2. 미세먼지 발생원 및 측정소 현황 5 2.1 미세먼지 발생원 5 2.2 측정소 현황 7 3. 주요국 미세먼지(PM2.5) 환경기준 8 4. 경기도의 지형 및 기상 특성 10 4.1 경기도의 지형 특성 10 4.2 경기도의 기상 특성 14 5. 경기도 시군별 미세먼지 현황 18 Ⅲ. 미세먼지 발생 내부원인 및 특성분석 21 1. 경기도 대기오염원 현황 21 1.1 사업장 21 1.2 교통 및 발전소 25 1.3 비산먼지 27 1.4 생물성 연소 28 Ⅳ. 미세먼지 발생 외부원인 및 특성분석 30 1. 국내원인 30 1.1 대기오염원별 영향분석 30 1.2 발전소 31 1.3 교통(인접시·도) 33 2. 국외원인 33 2.1 중국영향 33 2.2 북한영향 34 Ⅴ. 경기도 권역별 미세먼지 관리방안 36 1. 경기도 동북내륙권 미세먼지 저감방안 36 1.1 배출물질별 특성 36 1.2 관리방안 36 2. 경기도 서북해안권 미세먼지 저감방안 37 2.1 배출물질별 특성 38 2.2 관리방안 38 3. 경기도 동남내륙권 미세먼지 저감방안 39 3.1 배출물질별 특성 39 3.2 관리방안 39 4. 경기도 남부임해권 미세먼지 저감방안 40 4.1 배출물질별 특성 41 4.2 관리방안 41 5. 경기도 서울인접권 미세먼지 저감방안 42 5.1 배출물질별 특성 42 5.2 관리방안 42 Ⅵ. 결론 44 참고 문헌 46 ABSTRACT 48Maste

The Curve shortening flow with applications to isoperimetric problems on a surface

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :수리과학부,2001.Maste