92 research outputs found

    ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 8. ๋ฐ•์ฒ ์ˆ˜.A rational building energy performance assessment is important for energy efficient building design. Therefore, the results of building energy performance assessment should be sufficiently objective and transparent. Additionally, a performance-based approach is considered more reasonable in building energy performance evaluation than a prescriptive approach. However, in the case of ECO2 used in the Korean Building Energy Assessment, it was developed with a focus on simplicity of evaluation, even at the expense of accuracy, by specifying operational factors as single values and not reflecting uncertainty. This has led to controversial regarding accuracy, usability, and the reliability of assessment results. The evaluation criteria for the Energy Performance Index (EPI), which is mandatory for buildings larger than 500m2, also lack an objective methodology. To establish a rational evaluation system, a scientific method that considers the thermal behavior of buildings should be employed. In this context, this study presents a process for quantifying the uncertainty of energy demand based on changes in building usage scenarios and an improvement process for the EPI scoring system through a scientific approach. In Case Study #1, an analysis of the uncertainty of building energy demand is performed based on variations in five factors of the usage profile: occupancy density, plug load density, light power density, infiltration rate, and ventilation rate. The study argues for the necessity of a stochastic approach, the stochastic usage profile based on the quantification of uncertainty in building energy demand. In Case Study #2, Sobol sensitivity analysis and polynomial regression between seven building design factors (wall U-value, window U-value, roof U-value, floor U-value, Fenestration SHGC, light power density, and infiltration rate) and energy demand are conducted. By replacing sensitivity indices with the base score (a) of the EPI and using the polynomial regression equation as the weighting (b), a scoring system that partially reflects the thermal behavior of buildings is proposed. The correlation analysis between EPI and EPI*, ECO2 and EnergyPlus energy demand demonstrates the difficulty of ECO2 in reflecting the thermal behavior of buildings, emphasizing the need for a transition to a performance-based approach.๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์žฌ(reality)์™€ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ(์ •ํ™•์„ฑ), ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ, ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ(prescriptive-approach)๋ณด๋‹ค, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ(performance-based approach)์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„์ด๋Ÿ‰์ œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ECO2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด, ์šด์˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 500m2 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธด์ถ•๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€ํ‘œ(EPI)์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€, ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ EPI ๋ฐฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ #1์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ๋„ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ์ค‘ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์ž (์žฌ์‹ค๋ฐ€๋„, ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€๋„, ์กฐ๋ช…๋ฐ€๋„, ์นจ๊ธฐ์œจ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์šฉ๋„ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ #2์—์„œ๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธ์ž (๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ, ์ฐฝํ˜ธ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ, ์ง€๋ถ• ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ, ์ฐฝํ˜ธ SHGC, ์กฐ๋ช…๋ฐ€๋„, ์นจ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Sobol ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ EPI์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ์ (a)์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์ (b)๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , EPI์™€ EPI*, ECO2์™€ EnergyPlus ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ECO2๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ(performance-based)์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Problem statement and objectives 1 1.2 Research process 3 1.3 Thesis outline 7 Chapter 2. Issues of Existing Building Energy Codes 8 2.1 Energy Performance Index (EPI) 8 2.2 ECO2 10 2.2.1 Overview 10 2.2.2 Energy Modeling 12 2.3 Usage Profile 16 2.3.1 Standard usage profile (ECO2) 16 2.3.2 How to define ECO2 usage profile in EnergyPlus 18 Chapter 3. Methodology 20 3.1 Uncertainty Analysis 20 3.2 Sensitivity Analysis 25 3.3 Polynomial Regression 27 Chapter 4. Simulation model 30 4.1 Target building 30 4.2 Surrogate model (ANN) 33 Chapter 5. Results 35 5.1 Uncertainty analysis 35 5.2 Sensitivity analysis 39 5.3 Results of Polynomial regression 41 5.4 Results of new EPI* 43 5.5 Results of Correlation analysis 45 Chapter 6. Conclusion 47 References 51์„

    Robust Contract under Knightian Uncertainties

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ๊น€์„ ๊ตฌ.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ธ-๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ตœ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ํšจ์šฉ์ด ์œ ๊ณ„์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ตœ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ตœ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ตœ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.In this paper, we develop the canonical robust contract theory : Principal does not know exactly, or does not believe the basic components of agency relationship. He designs the optimal incentive contract based on the worst case for him. First we investigate situation where principal does believe mis-specification in characteristics of agents utility function and evaluates contracts assuming agent with minimizing utility is working for him. We derive Innes(1990)s debt contract is quite robust under this mis-specification and optimal. Second, we investigate the situation where the principal is now unaware of technology for which agent works. Using Hansen and Sargent(2011)s argument, we derive that ambiguous information makes the contract similar to a contract which risk averse principal optimally designs. Last, We provide another possible approach to robust agency problem in Appendix.โ… . Introduction โ…ก. The Model 2.1 Analysis of Ambiguity-averse Principal-agent Relationship : The utility case (1) Benchmark Case : No Restriction on Agents utility (2) Restriction on Marginal Utility of Agent 2.2 Analysis of Ambiguity-averse Principal-agent Relationship : The technology case โ…ข. Conclusion โ…ฃ. Appendix : Saddle-function approach of robustnessMaste

    ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€ โ€“ ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ํ‡ด์กฐ

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    2016๋…„ 2์›” 21์ผ ์—๋ณด ๋ชจ๋ž„๋ ˆ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋Œ€์„  ์ถœ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ทœ์ • ๊ฐœ์ •๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒํŒŒ ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด ํ‡ด์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๊ถŒ์— ์ด์–ด 2000๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์˜ ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋ฒ ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•œ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๋‚œ 25๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž์„ธ์šด ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์ด ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํœฉ์“ธ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์ง€์—ญ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    Relationship between Change of Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area Measured by Ultrasonography and Prognosis after Carpal Tunnel Release

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional area of the median nerve using ultrasound in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome before and after endoscopic intervention, and to verify the level at which it can be used in prediction of outcome. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 21 patients who underwent endoscopic carpal tunnel release from March 2011 to March 2012. Median nerve cross-sectional area was measured before the operation and three months after the operation at the level of lunate, pisiform and hamate. The Boston questionnaire was evaluated before the operation and three months after the operation, and then allocated as two groups (group I: symptom improvement of more than 25%, group II: symptom improvement less than 25%). Then, differences of cross-sectional area between preoperative measurement and postoperative measurement on three levels were compared between the two groups. Results: Nineteen patients were females and two were males ranging in age between 35-79 years (mean, 55.4 years). Significant differences were observed between the two groups at the lunate level. However, at the level of pisiform and hamate, no differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area at the lunate level showed significant correlation with outcome of carpal tunnel release.ope

    Results of Microfracture in the Osteoarthritic Knee with Focal Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects and Concomitant Medial Meniscal Tears

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    PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic microfracture in patients with focal full-thickness cartilage defects in the osteoarthritic knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into group I (n=38) who underwent microfracture plus meniscectomy and group II (n=38) who underwent only meniscectomy. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: At the time of the three-year follow-up, a total of five failures (6.6%) were reported: four patients in group I and one in group II. The two groups showed no significant difference in the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity score and the visual analog pain scale score at three years after surgery. However, at the time of the three-month follow-up, group II showed significantly more improvement in the Tegner activity and the visual analog pain score compared with group I. CONCLUSIONS: In the osteoarthritic knee, additional microfracture did not confer any additional benefit to meniscectomy.ope

    Surgical Removal of Calcific Lesions in the Hand

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    PURPOSE: Calcific lesion of the hand is infrequently recognized, presenting with severe pain and swelling of the affected joint. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features associated with this condition by reviewing surgically treated patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in 11 patients who had operation clinical and radiographic data were collected by medical records. RESULTS: Eight patients were females and three were males with age ranging between 27-75 years (mean: 48 years). By location, five cases of interphalangeal joint, three cases of metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, two cases of carpal tunnel and one case of distal ulna area were noted. Interval between symptom presentation and operation was 9.4 month (range: 6-18 month). During 10 month follow-up (range: 6-12 month), recurrence had not occurred. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of calcific lesion of hand and wrist is low, it may cause severe pain and swelling. If conservative treatment fails or any nerve compression symptom develops, surgical removal of the calcific lesion is recommended.ope

    Effects of Adolescent Athletes' Achievement Goal Orientation and Perception of Error on the Confidence

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊ถŒ์„ฑํ˜ธ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ฒด์œกํšŒ ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ 300๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„, ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t๊ฒ€์ฆ, ์ผ์›๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„, ์œ„๊ณ„์  ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž์•„๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๋ชฉ(๋‹จ์ฒด/๊ฐœ์ธ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์—์„œ ์ข…๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ณผ์ œ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์•„๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์— ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์— ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์ž์•„๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์•„๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of achievement goal orientation and perception of error of adolescent athletes on the confidence. also this study will provide basic data for improving the confidence of adolescent athletes. A total of 300 adolescent athletes completed a paper survey. and the data analysis was conducted according to the purpose of the study after verifying reliability and validity of the questionnaires. The results of the research are as follows. First, There were significant differences between men and women in ego goal orientation. also there were significant differences in the confidence depending on gender. Second, there were differences in perception of error depending on the events(group/individual) participation in which of adolescent athletes. Third, achievement goal orientation(ego/task) had a significant effect on the confidence. also perception of error had a significant effect on the confidence. Finally, the results of verifying the regulation effect of error perception in relation to the achievement goal orientation(task/ego) and confidence of adolescent athletes showed that in group with high perception of error, it was shown that the positive relationship between task goal orientation, ego goal orientation and confidence improved, but the effect was insignificant. On the other hand, in group with low perception of error the higher the perception of task goal orientation and ego goal orientation the higher confidence was improved.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(Sport-confidence) 9 1. ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ฐœ๋… 9 2. ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  10 3. ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(Sport-confidence)์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ชจํ˜• 13 4. ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰ 15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ(Achievement goal orientation) 17 1. ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 17 2. ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 18 3. ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 20 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹(Perception of error) 22 1. ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 22 2. ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 24 3. ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 24 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 27 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 35 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 35 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ 36 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 37 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์‹, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ 38 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 43 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 47 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ 51 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 55 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  55 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ œ์–ธ 56 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 59 ๋ถ€๋ก 70 Abstract 74Maste

    Expression of nitric oxide synthases in the nasal mucosa from mouse model of allergic rhinitis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ด๋น„์ธํ›„๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2002.Docto

    Knowledge and Global Production Networks_The Case of East Asia

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    1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฒฉํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ, ๋ฌด์—ญ์ž์œ ํ™”, ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€, ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ „์ด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง€์‹์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ยท๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ•จ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐฉ๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€์‹ ์ „ํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๊ธฐํ•จ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•จ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ œ์กฐ์™€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋™๋‚จ์•„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ์‡„์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์ƒํ•˜์œ„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํƒ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐํ•จ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ •์˜, ๋””์ž์ธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ค๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ • ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•จ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ž ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฒฉํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ „์ž ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ยท์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.Global changes such as intensifying competition, trade liberalization, and the convergence of regulatory policies have spurred the proliferation of global production networks in the 1990s. In order to better understand the nature of global production networks, it is necessary not just to identify individual players participating in global production networks such as multinational corporations, home and host countries, and local firms, but explore the way in which individual players with diverse interests are linked in a multi-dimensional way, Global production networks also serve as a crucial means of knowledge diffusion. The competitiveness of a global production network largely rests upon whether knowledges are effectively diffused and shared among the participants. It is against this backdrop that the flagship company should be properly embedded in the institutional environments of local companies. However, it is noteworthy that knowledge diffusion within global production networks combine with political and economic features of the home country as well as sectoral characteristics in various ways. For example, in the Japan-led global production networks, Japanese flagship companies tend to dominate the entire production process from basic and applied research to sales, utilizing local companies in Southeast Asia and China in a very limited way. By contrast, US-led global production networks have more open structures as US flagship companies tend to forge cooperative relationships with local companies, That is, US flagship companies specialize in product definition, design, R&D, and marketing, while local companies specialize in the production process. One can also find sectoral differences in global production networks. While vertical and exclusive global production networks are prevalent in auto industry, horizontal and open global production networks tend to be established in electronics industry. However, since the 1990s, these national and sectoral differences have gradually waned as flagship companies faced more intense competition
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