102 research outputs found

    ๋‹ค์ค‘์ปค๋„ ๊ณผ์™„๋น„ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์† ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒ ์ด์ฆˆ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ •

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ด์žฌ์šฉ.We propose a Bayesian model for estimating functions that may have jump discontinuities, and variational method for inference. The proposed model is an extension of the LARK model, which enables functions to be represented by the small number of elements from an overcomplete system composing of multiple kernels. The location of jumps, the number of elements, and even the smoothness of functions are automatically determined by the Levy random measure, there is no need for model selection. A simulation study and a real data analysis illustrate that the proposed model performs better than the standard nonparametric models for the estimation of discontinuous functions and show the suggested variational method significantly reduces the computation time than the conventional inference method, reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo. Finally, we prove prior positivity of the model and show that the prior has sufficiently large support including discontinuous functions with finite number of jumps.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Nonparametric Bayesian regression model 1 1.2 Literature review of nonparametric function estimation 3 1.3 Literature review of nonparametric function estimation for functions with jumps 8 2 Bayesian curve fitting for discontinuous functions using overcomplete system with multiple kernels 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The LARK model 12 2.3 Levy adaptive regression with mutiple kernels (LARMuK) 16 2.3.1 Structure of proposed model 16 2.3.2 Prior 19 2.4 Algorithm 27 2.5 Data analysis 32 2.5.1 Simulation data analysis 33 2.5.2 Real data analysis 41 2.6 Discussion 46 3 Stochastic variational inference for the LARMuK model 48 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 Variational method in general 49 3.2.1 The relationship with EM method 56 3.3 Simulated annealing 59 3.4 Stochastic variational method for the LARMuK model 61 3.4.1 The ELBO 61 3.4.2 Updating variational parameters 70 3.5 Data analysis 76 3.5.1 Simulation data analysis 77 3.5.2 Real data analysis 81 3.6 Discussion 83 Bibliography 84 Abstract in Korean 89Docto

    Frequency and Importance of Nurse's Job in New Graduate Nurses Working in Musculoskeletal Ward

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine comparison in the frequency and importance of nurse's job in new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward. Method: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 72 new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward of the 2 hospitals with over 500 beds. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: 1) The total score for frequency of nurse's job was 2.57ยฑ.41 and the total score for importance of nurse's job was 3.00ยฑ.37. 2) The most frequent category was to manage for a medication and the most frequent item was to administer a medication in the order 3) The most important category was to control of tissue perfusion and the most important item was to keep the aseptic techniques. 4) The frequencies among the work places were different significantly in 3 categories. 5) The importances among the work places were different significantly in 2 categories. Conclusion: New graduate nurses perceived the importance than the frequency of nurse's job. Also check or analysis the vital sign and nurses job associated with medication were higher score. Therefore, further research is needed to develop the educational strategies to strengthen not only theory also practice.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2006-01/102/0000028528/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2006-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000028528ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A076124DEPT_CD:811CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:11 ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ๋ณ‘๋™ ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„์™€ ์ค‘์š”๋„.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]:

    ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฐ(็‰‡้ฑ—)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์กฐ์†Œ๊ณผ ์กฐ์†Œ์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    Dietary exposure assessment of four artificial sweeteners

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊ถŒํ›ˆ์ •.๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋Š” 4์ข…(์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ, ์•„์ŠคํŒŒํƒ, ์•„์„ธ์„คํŒœ์นผ๋ฅจ, ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋ž„๋กœ์Šค)์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2012๋…„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข… ๋™์‹œ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์€ ์•„์ŠคํŒŒํƒ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ 75% ์•„์„ธํ†ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์˜จ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฒดํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ HPLC-ELSD๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข… ๋™์‹œ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์‹ํ’ˆ(๋ฐฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ)๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์‹ํ’ˆ(์ƒํฌ๋ฆผ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ์„ฑ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฒ€์ถœํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ๊ณ„, ์ •ํ™•๋„, ์ •๋ฐ€๋„, ์ธก์ •๋ถˆํ™•๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข… ๋™์‹œ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ 908๊ฑด(์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜• 30์ข…)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์€ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 17์ข…์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด ์ค‘ ํƒ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข… ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์•„์„ธ์„คํŒœ์นผ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋ž„๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5์ข…์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 16์ข… ๋ฐ 17์ข…์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ œํ’ˆํ™” ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ท๋ง›(์“ด๋ง›)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๋Œ€์‹  ์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์–‘์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ(2012โ€“2015)์˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋‚ดํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋†๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข…์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ADI ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ 4์ข…์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰(%ADI)์€ ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ(3.4%), ์•„์ŠคํŒŒํƒ(0.9%), ์•„์„ธ์„คํŒœ์นผ๋ฅจ(1.8%), ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋ž„๋กœ์Šค(2.2%)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ์ด ADI ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์„ญ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์‹ํ’ˆ ์„ญ์ทจ์ž์˜ 95th ์„ญ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋˜ํ•œ ADI ๋Œ€๋น„ 14%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฒด์ค‘๋‹น ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ(p < 0.005), ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํƒ์ฃผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„(๋งŒ 3โ€“6์„ธ)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘๋‹น ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ž, ์บ”๋””๋ฅ˜, ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ์‹ํ’ˆ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์Œ์‹ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜• 7์ข…์€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์‹œ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์œ ํ˜•์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ธ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์„ญ์ทจํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ 95th์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ 95th ์ถ”์ • ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ 95th ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์–‘์ƒ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5 2.1. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 5 2.1.1. ์‚ฌ์นด๋ฆฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ 5 2.1.2. ์•„์ŠคํŒŒํƒ 8 2.1.3. ์•„์„ธ์„คํŒœ์นผ๋ฅจ 11 2.1.4. ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋ž„๋กœ์Šค 14 2.2. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 17 2.3. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ• 22 2.4. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 24 2.4.1. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 2.4.2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 26 2.4.3. ๊ตญ์™ธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 30 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์œ ํ†ต ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ 4์ข… ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 33 3.1. ์„œ๋ก  33 3.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 3.2.1. ์‹œ์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 36 3.2.2. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž… 39 3.2.3. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋™์‹œ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 3.2.3.1. ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 41 3.2.3.2. ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 42 3.2.3.3. HPLC-ELSD 44 3.2.4. ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ• ๊ฒ€์ฆ 49 3.3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 53 3.3.1. ๋งค์งˆ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ 53 3.3.1.1. ์ง์„ ์„ฑ 53 3.3.1.2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฒ€์ถœํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ๊ณ„ 56 3.3.1.3. ์ •ํ™•๋„ 58 3.3.1.4. ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ 61 3.3.1.5. ์ธก์ •๋ถˆํ™•๋„ 65 3.3.2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์œ ํ†ต ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ 67 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ 79 4.1. ์„œ๋ก  79 4.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 81 4.2.1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 81 4.2.2. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 84 4.2.3. 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต 86 4.3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 88 4.3.1. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ 88 4.3.2. 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 104 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  112 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 117 ๋ถ€๋ก 131 ๋ถ€๋ก 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ 131 ๋ถ€๋ก 2. ๊ตญ์™ธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ 136 Abstract 188Docto

    ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,2010.2.Maste

    (A) statistical study on prevalence of dental anomalies

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์•„๋™์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •๊ตํ•ฉ, ์ถฉ์น˜์ดํ™˜์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜, ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์น˜์•„ ์ด์ƒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์ €์ž๋Š” 1985๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1987๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์› ์†Œ์•„์น˜๊ณผ์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ๋งŒ 0์„ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 15์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋‚จ์ž 1,342๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 1,083๋ช…, ์ด 2,425๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์ง€์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ, ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ƒ, ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ด์ƒ, ์œ„์น˜ ์ด์ƒ, ์กฐ์ง ์ด์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. 2,425๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผ๊ฒ€์ž์ค‘ 474(19.5%)๋ช…์ด ์น˜์•„์™€ ์ด์ƒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์ด์ƒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์†์น˜ 5.8%, ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜ 8.2%, ์น˜์•„์ข… 0.4%, ์™œ์†Œ์น˜ 0.1%, peg lateralis 1.8%, ์œ ํ•ฉ์น˜ 2.1%, ์Œ์ƒ์น˜ 0.2%, talon cusp 0.2%, ์ด์ƒ๊ต๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์น˜์•„ 0.3%, ์น˜๋‚ด์น˜ 0.2%, ๋งŒ๊ณก์น˜ 1.0%, taurodontism 1.2%, ์ „์œ„์น˜, ์ „๋„์น˜, ์ˆ˜ํ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.1%, ์„ ์ฒœ์น˜ 0.2%, ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ 0.2%์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ฐ ์ด์ƒ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฐ์†์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ(p<0.001), ์น˜๋‚ด์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ด์ƒ๊ต๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์น˜์•„๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ(p<0.05) ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ๊ฒฐ์†์น˜๋Š” ํ•˜์•… ์œ ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜์™€ ํ•˜์•… ์ œ 2์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ขŒยท์šฐ์ธก๊ณผ ์ƒยทํ•˜์•…์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ•˜์•…(p<0.OO1) ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก์—์„œ(p<0.05) ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5. ๊ณผ์ž‰์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ค‘๋ถ€์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ค‘์น˜, ์ „๋„์œ„์˜ ๋งน์ถœ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋งน์ถœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์•…์—์„œ ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ขŒยท์šฐ์ธก์˜ ์œ ์˜์ฐจ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์œ ์น˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ์‹œ ๊ณ„์Šน ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†๋นˆ๋„๋Š” 38.6%, ๊ณ„์Šน ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ์€ 1.8%๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์•… ์œ ์ธก์ ˆ์น˜์™€ ์œ ๊ฒฌ์น˜์˜ ์œ ํ•ฉ์ด ์ตœ๋‹ค ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This study was designed to find out the prevalence of dental anomalies. The clinical and roentgenognphic examination was undertaken of 2,425 childrens at age from 0 to 15 years and statistical analysis was made. The results were as follows : 1. Among the examined patients,474 patients(19.5%) showed dental anomalies. The prevalences of individual dental anomalies were as follow; congenitally missing teeth 5.8%, supernumerary teeth 8.2%, odontoma 0.4%, peg lateralis 1.8%, fused teeth 2.1%, geminated teeth 0.2% , talon cusp 0.2%, dens evaginatus 0.3%, transposed teeth 0.1%, invertedly positioned teeth 0.1%, horizontally positioned teeth 0.1%, natal teeth 0.2%, amelogenesis imperfecta 0.2%. 2. Between the groups with individual dental anomalies, what showed signifiant oorrelation was as follow :Between congenitally missing teeth and supernumerary teeth was relatively high negative correlation. And the correlation coefficencies between male and female showed differences. 3. The sexual differences of the individual dental anomalies appeared in supernumerary teeth and talon cusp and dens evaginatus. While supernumerary teeth showed greater rate of prevalence in male(p<0.001), talon cusp and dens evaginatus in female(p<0.05). 4. In congenitally missing teeth the mandibular deciduous lateral incisor showed the highest rate of the prevalence in deciduous dentition, while mandibular second premolar in permanent dentition. 5. Most supernumerary teeth were mesiodens of median area in maxilla and showed no statistical difference between right and left side. Generally, the eruption pattern of that teeth was inverted position and unerupted state. 6. In the case with deciduous fused teeth the prevalence of succeeding permanent congenitally missing teeth 38.6%, while that of succeeding permanent fused teeth was 1.8%. And the highest rate of the prevalence appeared in fusion of mandibula deciduous lateral incisor and canine.restrictio

    ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋ณ‘ํ–‰์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œกํ–‰์ •์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ์ •๋™์šฑ.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ง„๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก๊ด€์ด ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์‹œํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ชป์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์œ„ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ž์›์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ง„๋กœ์ง„ํ•™ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ 2016๋…„๏ฝž2018๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋„๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋™์ตœ์†Œ์ž์ŠนํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ธ ์ง„๋กœ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ดํ•ด, ์ง์—… ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด, ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…์‹œ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์—ญ๊ต์œก์ฒญ ๊ฐ„, ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ์‹œํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋กœ์ฒดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™๊ต์— ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง„๋กœ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ธ์  ์ž์›์ธ ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง„๋กœ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›๋“ค์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง„๋กœ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋‹จ์œ„ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง„๋กœ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์‹ค ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ์ฒดํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ, ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋‹ด๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœํœ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.The study examines that the effect of Career and Technical Education(CTE) policy in high schools might be enhanced when it goes aside with parent education relating to career guidance. While parents play a key role in adolescences career decision-making, parents in South Korea also exert influence to career guidance in school curriculum. Hence, the study hypothesizes that CTE policy in South Koreaโ€•establishing school career guidance resources for studentsโ€•would be more effective when a school provides parent education relating to career guidance. Before studying on empirical analysis, the study conducted literature analysis to examine the contents and the process of parent education relating to career guidance. Using the collected data from School Career Education Survey of 2016 to 2018, nationally approved statistic in South Korea, the study used pooled ordinary least squares (Pooled OLS) with year-fixed effect. Clustered robust standard error was applied to reflect hierarchical structure of the data. The findings demonstrate as follows; first, lecture-type parent education program relating to career guidance named Career Academy was popular and has been implemented in high schools. The contents were diverse and relevant to parents career guidance for their children, but not all schools were having the parent education program; there were great discrepancies depending on regions. Second, the material resources in schools endowed by CTE policy were positively linked to career education performances. Students were more satisfied with school career guidance. Also, they showed higher level of career development competencies in schools which secured more institutions to provide job experiences and had independent classrooms for career guidance. In addition, schools that held parent education relating to career guidance also showed higher career education performances. Third, the positive association between the material resources and career education performances were likely to increase in schools holding parent education relating to career guidance. Meanwhile, respective career counselors length of work experience did not significantly predict student career education performances. Providing parents with career-related education had no moderating effects on student career education performances. Based on the findings, the study mainly suggests that CTE policy should emphasize parent education in high schools as well as investing the material resources for career guidance. Also, for career counselors to show their specialty, fellow teachers and principals should cooperate with them and make joint efforts through sharing the vision of school career guidance.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 6 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 10 1. ํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 11 2. ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 12 3. ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… 24 1. ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 24 2. ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 36 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจํ˜• 44 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ์ง€ ์ง„๋กœ์ด๋ก  44 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 48 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค 48 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 51 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 52 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 54 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 58 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 58 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 63 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ๋ณ‘ํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ 71 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ 75 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์šด์˜ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณ  75 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ณ  77 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„๋กœ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ โ€ค์ธ์  ์ž์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 78 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 82 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 82 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ œ์–ธ 84 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ œ์–ธ 87 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 90 ๋ถ€๋ก 103 Abstract 107Maste

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