95 research outputs found
An Experimental Study on NOx Reduction Performance of Low Pressure SCR System
์ธ๊ณ ์ด์ก์์ฅ์์ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ก๋์ด์ง๋ ํ๋ฌผ์ ๋น์ค์ ๋งค์ฐ ํฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ํ ์ด์ก์ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ํ๋ฌผ ์ด์ก๋์ ์ฝ 80%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ฉด์ ํ์๋ฐฐ์ถ๋์ ์ธ๊ณ ํ์๋ฐฐ์ถ๋์ 3.3% ์ ๋๋ก ๋ฎ์ ์์ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ํ ์ด์ก์๋จ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ํจ์จ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์นํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์ด์ก์๋จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ถ์ง๊ธฐ๊ด ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ๋์ ค์์ง์ ์ฐ์๊ณผ์ ์ค์ ์ ํด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ค์ธ ์ง์์ฐํ๋ฌผ(NOx)์ ๋ค๋์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์์ํค๋ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ ํด์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ ํด์์ค์ผ๋ฐฉ์งํ์ฝ(MARPOL 73/78) ๋ถ์์ VI์ ์ํด ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ค์ ํฌํจ๋ ์ง์์ฐํ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐฐ์ถ ์ ํ์ ๊ฐํํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐฐ์ถ ๊ท์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋ง์กฑ์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ํ์ฌ ์ ๋ฐ์ฉ ๋์ ค์์ง์์๋ SCR ์์คํ
์ด ๋๋ฆฌ ์ด์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ SCR ์์คํ
์ค ์ ์ํ SCR ์์คํ
์ ์์ ํ์ ์ก์ ์คํ์ฉ ์์ง์ ์ง์ ์ค์นํ์ฌ IMO NOx Technical Code์ ๋ฐ๋ผ Tier III ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ง์กฑํ๋์ง์ ๋ํ ์ค์ฆ์คํ์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค.
์ก์์์ง ์ค์ฆ์คํ์ ํตํ์ฌ, ํด๋น ์ ์ํ SCR ์์คํ
์ ํ์์ ๋ถ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ด ์ํ ๋ฐ ์๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฆฝ ์ํ ๋ฑ์ ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๋น ์ ์ํ SCR ์์คํ
์ด MARPOL ๋ถ์์ โ
ฅ ์ 13๊ท์น์์ ๊ท์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ Tier III์ NOx ๋ฐฐ์ถ ๊ธฐ์ค์น๋ฅผ ๋ง์กฑํ๋ NOx ์ ๊ฐ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ํ๋ด๊ณ ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
|The share of freight transported by ship in the world transport market is very large and freight volume by ship is also increasing. Shipping by ship accounts for about 80% of the world's freight traffic. In addition, carbon emissions from shipping are as low as 3.3% of global carbon emissions. Therefore, ships are an efficient and environmentally friendly means of transportation compared to other modes of transportation.
However, the diesel engine, which is mainly used as a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship, has a problem that a large amount of NOx(Nitrogen Oxide), which is harmful exhaust gas, is generated.
According to Annex VI of Maritime Pollution Prevention Convention(MARPOL 73/78), the IMO Tier โ
ข standard, which tightened the emission limits of nitrogen oxides contained in ship exhaust gases, was applied when ships built after 2016 navigate the NECA(NOx Emission Control Area) since 2010. The SCR system is widely used to satisfy these emission control standards
In this study, the experimental equipment of SCR system was installed, which is widely used as the nitrogen oxides abatement system and the demonstration experiment was conducted to see if it meets the Tier III performance according to the IMO NOx Technical Code.
The performance of the SCR system was verified through NOx abatement performance test and ammonia slip test for each load variation and it was confirmed that the performance of the low pressure type SCR system satisfies the emission standard of Tier III as stipulated in Regulation 13 of MARPOL Annex VI.๋ชฉ์ฐจ
Abstract โ
ถ
1. ์ ๋ก
1.1 ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
1.2 ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
2. ๋๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ฌผ์ง ๋ฐฐ์ถ๊ท์ ๋ํฅ ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์
2.1 ๋๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ข
๋ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ท์ ๋ํฅ 4
2.1.1 ๋๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ข
๋ฅ 4
2.1.2 ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ์ถ๋ฌผ์ ๊ท์ ๋ํฅ 10
2.2 ์ง์์ฐํ๋ฌผ์ ์์ฑ์๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ 17
2.2.1 ๋์ ค๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ง์์ฐํ๋ฌผ ์์ฑ์๋ฆฌ 17
2.2.2 ๋์ ค๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ง์์ฐํ๋ฌผ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ 23
3. ์คํ์ฅ์น ๋ฐ ์คํ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ
3.1 ์คํ์์ง ๋ฐ ๋๋ ฅ๊ณ 34
3.1.1 ์คํ์์ง 34
3.1.2 ๋๋ ฅ๊ณ 37
3.2 SCR ์์คํ
38
3.2.1 SCR ์์คํ
์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ์ค 38
3.2.2 ์ด๋งค๋ชจ๋ 42
3.2.3 ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ฅ์น 43
3.2.4 ์์์์ฉ์ก ๊ณต๊ธ ์์คํ
47
3.2.5 ๊ณ์ธก์ฉ ์ผ์ 48
3.2.6 ์ ์ด ์์คํ
50
3.3 ๊ฐ์ค๋ถ์ ์์คํ
52
3.3.1 ์์ง ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ํ๋จ ๊ฐ์ค๋ถ์์์คํ
52
3.3.2 ์ด๋งค๋ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ ๋จ ๊ฐ์ค๋ถ์์์คํ
54
3.3.3 ์ด๋งค๋ฐ์๊ธฐ ํ๋จ ๊ฐ์ค๋ถ์์์คํ
56
3.3.4 ๋ฐฐ์ถ๊ฐ์ค ํตํฉ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ์์คํ
58
3.4 ์คํ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 60
3.4.1 SCR ์์คํ
๊ตฌ์ฑํ ์๋์คํ 61
3.4.2 ์์ง ๋ถํ๋ณ ์์ง ํ๋ผ๋ฏธํฐ ํ๋์คํ 63
3.4.3 NOx ์ ๊ฐ์ฑ๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฆฝ ์ธก์ ์คํ 65
4. ์คํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ
4.1 SCR ๊ตฌ์ฑํ ์๋์คํ 68
4.2 ์์ง ๋ถํ๋ณ ์์ง ํ๋ผ๋ฏธํฐ ํ๋์คํ 71
4.3 NOx ์ ๊ฐ์ฑ๋ฅ ๋ฐ ์๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฆฝ ์ธก์ ์คํ 73
4.3.1 ์คํ์์ง NOx ๋ฐฐ์ถ ํน์ฑ 78
4.3.2 ๋ฐ์๊ธฐ ์
๊ตฌ์ ์ถ๊ตฌ NOx ๋๋ ๋น๊ต 79
4.3.3 ์๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฆฝ 80
4.3.4 NOx ์ ๊ฐ ์ฑ๋ฅ 81
5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 85Maste
The effect of serum hepcidin levels on the clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์๊ณผ๋ํ ์ํ๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๋๊ธฐ์.165 (8.6%) patients with functional deterioration and 275 (14.4%) patients with dialysis initiation. In penalized smoothing splines curve analysis, the hazard of renal events steadily increased with the increase of serum hepcidin levels. In multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis, the hazard ratio and its 95% CI in the third and the forth serum hepcidin quartile were 1.514 (1.025-2.237, P = 0.037) and 1.752 (1.183-2.596, P = 0.005), respectively, compared to the first serum hepcidin quartile. In subgroup analysis, increased serum hepcidin levels were associated with increased hazard of future renal events development, particularly in diabetic male patients with lower levels of Hb, TSAT, ferritin, inflammation, and kidney function.
Conclusions
Investigator observed that kidney function was an independent factor of serum hepcidin levels. Increased serum hepcidin levels with the increase of ESA dosage may suggest the key role of hepcidin in ESA resistance. Although ferritin was not associated with anemia in CKD patients, regardless of kidney function, TSAT was associated with less severe anemia in early CKD patients, whereas serum hepcidin was associated with more severe anemia in advanced CKD patients. In this study, increased serum hepcidin levels independently predict the progression of CKD in non-dialysis CKD patients. Diabetic male patients with lower levels of Hb, TSAT, ferritin, inflammation, and kidney function may need to be treated more meticulously with special attention to the development of CKD progression.Background
Anemia is common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. In treating anemia in CKD patients, erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) resistance is an important issue and hepcidin is suggested as a key peptide of ESA resistance. However, the clinical characteristics of hepcidin and its role on ESA resistance have not been validated in large-scaled multicenter cohort. Moreover, the relative contribution of hepcidin and iron indices on anemia severity in CKD has been studied little. Therefore investigator designed and performed this study to confirm the known association between hepcidin, kidney function, ESA resistance, and anemia, and to identify the effect of hepcidin on clinical outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients.
Methods
Investigator reviewed data of 2238 patients from a large-scale multicenter prospective Korean study (2011โ2016). Among 2238 patients whose mean age was 54.2 years, serum of 2113 patients were analyzed to measure serum hepcidin levels using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Iron indices were transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) 50% decrease in kidney function from the baseline values, doubling of serum creatinine, or dialysis initiation, which were detected and adjudicated annually.
Results
Markers of inflammation and iron status were positively associated with serum hepcidin levels, regardless of CKD stage. However, estimated glomerular filtration rate was inversely associated with serum hepcidin levels (beta -0.007, P < 0.001), particularly in patients with CKD stages 3bโ5, but not in those with CKD stages 1โ3a. Iron supplementation was associated with increased serum hepcidin levels (beta 0.306, P = 0.001), particularly in patients with CKD stages 1โ3a, but not in those with CKD stages 3bโ5. Use of ESA was associated with increased serum hepcidin levels (beta 0.802, P <0.001), particularly in patients with CKD stages 3bโ5, but not in those with CKD stages 1โ3a, and ESA dosage positively correlated with serum hepcidin levels. In subgroup analysis according to the causes of CKD, kidney function was negatively associated with serum hepcidin levels in patients with hypertensive nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. The positive association between ESA use and serum hepcidin levels was not affected by causes of CKD. TSAT and serum hepcidin were significantly associated with anemia status, whereas serum ferritin was not, regardless of anemia severity. In patients with CKD1-3a, a 10% increase of TSAT was associated with severe anemia [odds ratio (OR) 0.628, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.515-0.765P <0.001] and moderate anemia (OR 0.672, 95% CI 0.476-0.950P = 0.024), whereas a 10-ng/ml increase of serum hepcidin was associated with mild anemia (OR 1.360, 95% CI 1.115-1.659P=0.002) and moderate anemia (OR 1.379, 95% CI 1.173-1.620P <0.001) in patients with CKD 3b-5 on multivariate logistic analysis. During a mean of 2.4 years, 333 patients developed renal events (17.4%)Introduction 1
Material and methods 3
Results 6
Discussion 36
Reference 43
Abstract in Korean 50Docto
๊ณ ์์ฒ ๋ ๊ฐํต์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญํ ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋์๋ฐฉ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ(The spatial impact of the high speed rail and its countermeasures)
๋
ธํธ : ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ตญํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์์ฒด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋ก์ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ ๊ฒฌํด์๋ ์๊ด์์ต๋๋ค
๊ทธ๋ํ๊ณผ ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด์ ๊ฒฐํจ ๊ณตํ: ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ง์ ๋ํ ์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๊ณ์ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ฃ๊ณตํ๋ถ,2019. 8. ์ค์์ค.2004๋
๊ทธ๋ํ์ด ์ฒ์ ํฉ์ฑ๋์๊ณ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๋ฌผ์ง์์ ์ฐพ์๋ณผ ์ ์์๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ํน์ฑ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ํ์์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ง์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ผ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ํ ์ด์ธ์๋ ์ ์ด๊ธ์ ๋์นผ์ฝ์ ๋์ด๋, ์ก๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณ ์งํ๋ถ์, ํ๋ฆฐ ๋ฑ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ค์ด ์์ธก๋๊ณ ํฉ์ฑ๋์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋ค์ํ ์ข
๋ฅ ๋งํผ์ด๋ ๊ทธ ์์ฉ๋ถ์ผ๋ ๋ค์ํ์ฌ ํฌ๋ช
์ ๊ทน, ํธ๋์ง์คํฐ, ๊ด๊ฒ์ถ์์, ๋ฐฐํฐ๋ฆฌ, ํํฐ, ์๋ช
๊ณตํ ๋ฑ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋์ฒดํ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋จ๊ฒฐ์ /๋๋ฉด์ ํฉ์ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ํฐ ์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์กด์ฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ํฉ์ฑ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์๊ธฐ๋ ๊ฒฐํจ์ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ํน์ฑ๋ค์ ์ ํ์์ผ ์์ฉ์ ์ํ ํจ์ฉ์ฑ์ ์ฝํ์ํจ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ฒฐํจ์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ๋ฉด ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ํน์ฑ์ ํฅ์์ํค๊ฑฐ๋, ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์๋ ํน์ฑ์ด๋ ํ์์ ๋ฐํ ์ํฌ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ํต์นญํ์ฌ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๊ฒฐํจ ๊ณตํ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์๋ ๋ฐ๋๋ฒํจ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๊ณ์ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ทธ๋ํ๊ณผ ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒฐํจ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ์ ์์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ทธ๋ํ์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ์ฒ ์์ ์์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋ํ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ค ๋ณํ์์์ ๋ณด์ด๋์ง์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ํ์ ์ธ์ ํ ๋๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๊ณต์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒ ์์๊ฐ ๊ณต์ ๊ฒฐํฉ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์์ ๋ ๋ ์ฒ ์์๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด 2 ฮผB์ ์๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ฉํธ๊ฐ ์์ฑ๋๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๋ํ์ ์ธ์ฅ ๋ณํ์ ๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋, ์์ถ ๋ณํ์ ๊ฐํ๋ฉฐ ํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด ์ฒ ์์๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ ์๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ฉํธ๊ฐ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ฒ๋๋ ํ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์๋ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒ ์์์ ๋์์ ์ธ์ ํ ํ์ ์์๊ฐ ์ฒ ์์๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐฉํดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ ๋ํ ์ ์๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์์ ์ํํ์ฌ ๊ทธ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ์๋ค. ๋์งธ, ๋จ์ผ์ธต ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด์ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด ์์๊ฐ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๋๋ ์์๋ก ์นํ๋์ด ์์ ๋ ์ด์ ๋ํ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ง์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๋๋ ๋ถ์๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ ์ ํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์๊ณ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๋๋ ๋ถ์๋ฌผ์ด ์์ฑ๋ ๋์ ์คํ์ ์ํฉ์ ๋ฌ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํฌ๋กฌ-ํฉ, ๋ฐ๋๋-ํฉ์ ์ด์ ์๋ค์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์๋ค. ํฌ๋กฌ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ฑ์ ๋ ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ๋๋์ โ1์ ์ ํ ์ํ์ ์ค์ฑ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๊ณ , ์ค์ฑ ์ํ์ ๋ฐ๋๋ ๋ถ์๋ฌผ์ 1 ฮผB์ ๊ตญ์์ ์ธ ์๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ฉํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง์ ์ ์๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์
์งธ, ์ผ๊ฐํ ํํ์ ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด ๋๋
ธ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด ํฉ ๊ณต๊ณต์ ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์์ ์ด ํ์์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด ๋๋
ธ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ผ์ฐํํ์ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด 2H์์์ 1T์์ผ๋ก ๋ณํํ๋ ์ต๊ทผ ์คํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฐ์ ์ฅ๋ฒฝ ์๋์ง ๊ณ์ฐ์ ์ํํ์๋ค. ๋๋
ธ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๊ผญ์ง์ ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์๋ฆฌ์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํฉ ์์๋ค์ด ์ผ์ฐํํ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ํด ์ฝ๊ฒ ํ์ฐฉ๋ ์ ์์์ ๋ฐ์ ์ฅ๋ฒฝ ์๋์ง ๊ณ์ฐ์ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ํ ํฉ ๊ณต๊ณต์ด ์์ฑ๋๋ฉด์ ์๊ธด ๋น ๊ณต๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋๋
ธ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฉด์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํฉ ์์๋ค์ด ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ด๋ํ์ฌ ๊ตญ๋ถ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ 1T์์ผ๋ก ๋ณํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ํฉ ๊ณต๊ณต ์์ฑ๊ณผ ํฉ ์์ ์ด๋์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ช
๋๋ ์์ ์์ค์ ์์ ์ด ๊ธฐ์์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ด์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ํตํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ค์ ๋ํํ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ธ ๊ทธ๋ํ๊ณผ ์ดํฉํ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ด์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒฐํจ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ง์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ ์๋ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ์ด์ฐจ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ๊ฒฐํจ ๊ณตํ์ ํตํ ์๋ก์ด ๋๋
ธ์์์ ์ด๋งค ๋ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์ด๋๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋๋๋ค.In 2004, graphene was first synthesized and started to attract lot of attention because of its outstanding properties and physical phenomena that were not found in conventional materials. From this, a new field of 2D materials research has been opened. In addition to graphene, various 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and phosphorene were being predicted and synthesized. The applications, such as transparent electrodes, transistors, photodetectors, batteries, filters and biotechnology, are as diverse as the various types of 2D materials. However, there is a barrier of single-crystal/large-area synthesis to replace the conventional materials by 2D materials. Defects created during synthesis of 2D materials reduce the superior properties of the 2D materials and weaken their value for applications. However, research has also been reported to improve the properties of 2D materials or to manifest unprecedented characteristics or phenomena. These studies are collectively referred to as defect engineering of 2D materials. In this dissertation, we study the structural and electronic properties ofdefects in graphene and MoS2 using first-principles calculations. First, we investigated how the interaction of Fe atom pairs in graphene changes with deformation of graphene. When Fe atoms are covalently bonded to adjacent two vacancies of graphene, the interaction between two Fe atoms exhibits magnetic moment of 2 ฮผB. However, we found that when stretching or compressively outward bending was applied, interaction between Fe atoms was changed and magnetic moment was vanished dramatically. In this process, it was confirmed that the adjacent carbon atoms hindered interaction between Fe atoms, and the electronic structure analysis was performed to explain our results. Second, stability and electronic properties of Cr and V substitutional dopants in monolayer MoS2 were investigated. We considered the charge states of Cr and V, and possible binary phases of Cr-S and V-S in order to describe the experimental situation when Cr and V dopants are formed. We confirmed that Cr Mo is electrically neutral and V Mo is stable in โ1 and neutral state, and V Mo in neutral state has a local magnetic moment of 1 ฮผB. Third, we studied atomic-scale mechanism of the structural phase transition due to the formation of S vacancies in triangular MoS2 nanocrystals. Reaction barrier energy calculations were performed to explain recent experimental results of changing the 2H phase to 1T phase by CO gas annealing. The reaction barrier energy calculations confirmed that the S atoms at the vertex and edge of the nanocrystals can be easily desorbed by CO molecules. Then, local structure changed to 1T phase when S atoms at basal plane migrate to the space around S vacancy. As a result, we could suggest novel atomic-scale mechanism of structural phase transition which is consisted of S vacancy formation and S atom migration. Through these studies, we were able to understand detailed structural and electronic properties of defects in graphene and MoS2. In addition, the results presented in this dissertation are expected to be a guideline for the development of novel nanodevices and catalysts through defect engineering of 2D materials.List of tables................................................................................................. vi
List of figures .............................................................................................. vii
Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................... 1
1.1. Emergence of 2D materials research .............................................................. 1
1.2. Defects in 2D materials and its negative effects ............................................. 5
1.3. Defect engineering of 2D materials .............................................................. 10
1.4. Objective of the dissertation ......................................................................... 15
1.5. Bibliography ................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 2. Theoretical background ......................................................... 20
2.1. Density functional theory.............................................................................. 20
2.1.1. Hohenberg-Kohn theorem .................................................................................. 20
2.1.2. Kohn-Sham equation .......................................................................................... 22
2.1.3. Exchange-correlation energy .............................................................................. 24
2.2. Supercell calculations for neutral and charged defects ................................. 26
2.3. Bibliography ................................................................................................. 31
Chapter 3. Deformation induced control of interaction between Fe dopants in monolayer graphene ............................................................... 32
3.1. Motivation ..................................................................................................... 32
3.2. Computational details ................................................................................... 35
3.3. Results and discussion .................................................................................. 36
3.3.1. Magnetic properties control of Fe dopants through structural deformations of graphene ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.3.2. Electronic structure analysis on the interaction between Fe dopants ................. 41
3.3.3. Discussion ........................................................................................................... 47
3.4. Summary ....................................................................................................... 51
3.5. Bibliography ................................................................................................. 52
Chapter 4. Cr and V substitutional dopants in monolayer MoS 2 .......... 54
4.1. Motivation ..................................................................................................... 54
4.2. Computational details ................................................................................... 57
4.3. Results and discussion .................................................................................. 59
4.3.1. Chemical potential calculations considering binary phases of relevant elements ...................................................................................................................................... 59
4.3.2. Stable charge states of Cr and V substitutional dopants and transition level diagram ......................................................................................................................... 64
4.3.3. Density of states analysis of stable charge states of Cr and V substitutional dopants .......................................................................................................................... 66
4.3.4. Discussion ........................................................................................................... 68
4.4. Summary ....................................................................................................... 69
4.5. Bibliography ................................................................................................. 70
Chapter 5. S vacancy induced structural phase transition of MoS 2 nanocrystals ................................................................................................ 71
5.1. Motivation ..................................................................................................... 71
5.2. Computational details ................................................................................... 75
5.3. Results and discussion .................................................................................. 76
5.3.1. Edge S coverage dependent structural stability of MoS 2 nanocrystals............... 76
5.3.2. Detailed atomic-scale mechanism of phase transition of triangular MoS 2 nanocrystals .................................................................................................................. 78
5.3.3. Discussion ........................................................................................................... 84
5.4. Summary ....................................................................................................... 87
5.5. Bibliography ................................................................................................. 88
Chapter 6. Conclusion and perspective ................................................... 90
๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก .................................................................................................... 93
Publication list ............................................................................................ 96Docto
Identification of putative gene controlling stem growth habit in soybean
Thesis(masters) --์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์๋ฌผ์์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ถ(์๋ฌผ์๋ช
๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต),2008. 2.Maste
์ธํธ๋ผ๋ท์ ์ํ Ethernet Wrapper์ ์ค๊ณ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ปดํจํฐ๊ณตํ๊ณผ,1999.Maste
Overall success and factors predicting failure for endoscopic extrahepatic biliary stone extraction
์ํ๊ณผ/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
์ต๊ทผ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ ์์ ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ถ์ผ์ ๋๋ฆฌ ์์ฉ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ํนํ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ์ง๋จ๊ณผ ์น๋ฃ์๋ ๊ทธ ์ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ ์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ์น๋ฃ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์์์ฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ค(๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ์์๊ธฐ, ์ ๊ธฐ์์ ์์๊ธฐ, ์ฒด์ธ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ ์์๊ธฐ, ๋ ์ด์ ์์๊ธฐ)์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ๊ฐ ์ฉ์ดํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์์ฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ค์ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ฅ๋น์ด๋ฏ๋ก ๋ณ์๋ง๋ค ์์์ฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฐ์ถ ์ ์๊ณ ์์์ฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ์์ ์์ฌ์ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ์ ํธ๋๋ ๋ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์์์ฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ ์น๋ฃ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธ์ฉ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ณ ๊ทธ์๋ฐ๋ผ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ์ ๋ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์๋ค.
์ด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ฐ์ธ๋ํ๊ต ์์ฃผ์๊ณผ๋ํ ๋ถ์ ์์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋
๋ณ์ ๋ด๊ณผ์์ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋ ํ์๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ ์ผ์ฐจ ์น๋ฃ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ํํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ 214๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ์์๊ธฐ์ ์ฒด์ธ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ ์์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ๊ณผ ์ด์
์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ์์๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
1. ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋ํ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ์ 93.5%์ด์๋ค. ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์คํจํ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ ๋๊ด์ฝ๊ทผ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์คํจํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 2.3%, ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 2.3%, ๋ด์๊ฒฝ ์์ ์ค์ ๋ด๋ญ์ผ์ด ์
ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 1.9%์ด์๋ค.
2. ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋ํ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ๊ฒฐ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์, ๋ด๋ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ด๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋๋ฐ, ์์๋ถ ์ด๋ด๊ด ํ์ฐฉ๋ฑ์ด์๋ค.
3. ์ดํฌ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ์ 56.5%์ด์๋ค. ์ดํฌ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ๊ฒฐ์์ ์, ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์๊ณผ ๋ด์ ๋น์ ํจํ์ฆ ๋๋ฐ์ด์๋ค.
4. ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ ํฉ๋ณ์ฆ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋์ถํ์ด 2.5%, ์ท์ฅ์ผ์ด 9.0%์ด์๊ณ ํ๋ณต๋ง ์ฒ๊ณต์๋ ์์๋ค.
์ด์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ์์์ ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ ์์์ ์ ํฌํจํ ๋ด์๊ฒฝ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์์ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์น๋ฃ๋ก ์์ ํ๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐ๋๋ฉฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐ ํํํ ๊ฒฐ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋ด๋ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ด๋ด๋์ ๊ฒฐ์์ด ๋๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ์
์๋ถ ์ด๋ด๊ด ํ์ฐฉ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ์น๋ฃ ์ฑ๊ณต์จ์ด ๋ฎ์์ง์ ์ ์ ์์๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]
Developments in endoscopic technique and equipments have improved duct clearance rate in patients with extrahepatic bile duct(EHD) stone. In this study, we reviewed our experience in extracting EHD stones with standard and more advanced technique
and equipments such as mechanical lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Aims of this study were to determine the overall success rate of endoscopic extracting for EHD stone, to identify risk factors for failed duct clearance at initial and final therapeutic ERCP. We retrospectively reviewed 214 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP(Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangiopancreatography) for EHD stone over 45 months period.
Factors evaluated for failed duct clearance included stone size, stone number, stone shape, concomittant stone of gallbladder and intrahepatic duct, presence of distal bile duct stricture, periampullary diverticula(PAD), Billroth-โ
ก gastrojejunostomy(B-โ
ก op), and sepsis at admission.
The overall success rate of endoscopic treatment for EHD stone was 93.5%(200/214), The causes of failed duct clearance were failed endoscopic sphincterotomy in 5/214(2.3%), technical failure of extracting stone in 5/214(2.3%), and aggravation of acute cholecystitis between therapeutic endoscopic sessions in 4/214(1.9%). Risk factors for failed duct clearance with endoscopic extraction of EHD stone were size and shape of the stone, concomittant stone of gallbladder and intrahepatic duct, and stricture of distal common bile duct.
The duct clearance rate with initial therapeutic ERCP was 56.5%(121/200). Risk factors for failed duct clearance with initial therapeutic ERCP were size, shape and number of stone, and sepsis at admission.
The complications of endoscopic treatment for EHD stone were major bleeding in 5/200(2.5%), pancreatitis in 18/20O(9.0%), but there was no peroration.
With advanced technique and equipments, endoscopic duct clearance rate for EHD stone improved and most of patients with EHD stone can be managed endoscopically.
Even though risk factors for failure of endoscopic treatment for EHD stone were giant or piston shaped stone, concomittant stone of gallbladder and intrahepatic duct and stricture of distal common bile duct, we conclude that endoscopic treatment for EHD stone is safe and effective treatment modality, and choice of treatment.restrictio
์๋ํ๋ ์์ฐ์์คํ ์์ ์ง๋ฅํ ์๋์ ๋์ด๋ฐ์ฐจ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้ข :็ฃๆฅญๅทฅๅญธ็ง,1995.Maste
์ ์๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋ ์ฑ์ธ ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ ํ์์ ์์์์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ํ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์ญํ ์ ๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์งํธ์ค.์๋ก : ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ํ๋ ๋น๊ต์ ์ข์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ํ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ธ์์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง์ง ์์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์ํ์ธ์์ ๋ํด์๋ ์ํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์๋ ์ค์ ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฑ์ธ์์ ์ ์๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋ ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ ํ์์ ์์์์์ ๋ํด ์์๋ณด๊ณ , ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ธ์๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ: 2003๋
4์๋ถํฐ 2013๋
12์ ์ฌ์ด ์ด 82๋ช
์ ํ์๊ฐ ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ค ์ค ๋์ด๊ฐ 15์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ 4๋ก, ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ํ 1๋
๋ฏธ๋ง์ ์ถ์ ์ด ๋ 13๋ก, ์ดํ ์ ์๊ฒ์์ ์ด์ ์ฑ ๋ถ์ ์ฑ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๊ฒฝํ์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋ 1๋ก๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ 64๋ช
์ ๋ํด ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ธ์์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์์ ์งํํ์๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์ํ์ธ์๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ์ด๊ธฐ ์๋ณ ๋จ๋ฐฑ-ํฌ๋ ์ํฐ๋ ๋น๊ฐ 3.0 g/g ๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ 5๋ก์ ์ฒซ ๊ดํด ์ดํ ์ถ์ ์ด 1๋
๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ 8๋ก๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ธํ 51๋ก์ ๋ํด ๋ถ์์ ์งํํ์๋ค. ์ฅ๊ธฐ์์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก๋ ์ฌ๋ง, ํฌ๋ ์ํฐ๋ ๋๋ฐฐ ์์น ํน์ ๋ง๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณตํฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์๊ณ , ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์๋ณ ๋จ๋ฐฑ-ํฌ๋ ์ํฐ๋ ๋น๊ฐ 3.0 g/g ์ด์ ํน์ ์๊ฒ์ฌ์ง์์ 3ํ ์ฐ์์ผ๋ก 3+ ๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: 5.0 (2.8-5.0)๋
์ ์ถ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์, 64๋ช
์ค์์ 7๋ช
์์ ๋ณตํฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฉด์ญ์นจ์ฐฉ์จ์ ๋ณตํฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น ๋ฐ์๊ตฐ์์ (57.1%) ๋น๋ฐ์๊ตฐ์ ๋นํด ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค (vs. 19.6%, P = 0.049). Kaplan-Meier๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฉด์ญ์นจ์ฐฉ๊ตฐ์ ๋น์นจ์ฐฉ๊ตฐ์ ๋นํด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์งง์ ์์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ณด์๋ค: ํ๊ท (95% ์ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ) 4.1 (3.2-5.0) ๋
๊ณผ 4.8 (4.6-5.0) ๋
(log-rank P = 0.034). ๋ค๋ณ๋ Coxํ๊ท๋ถ์์์ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฉด์ญ์นจ์ฐฉ์ ๋ณตํฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น ๋ฐ์์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ํ์ธ์์๋ค (์ํ๋น 13.604, 95% ์ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ 1.032-179.342, P = 0.047). 51๋ช
์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ํํ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์์์๋, 50.9 (25.9-75.1) ๊ฐ์์ ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์์, 96.1%๊ฐ ์์ ๊ดํด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ธ๋ ์ต์ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ดํด์ ๋๋ฌํ์๋ค. ์ด์ค 56.9%์์ 1ํ ์ด์์ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝํํ๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฐ๊ตฐ์์๋ ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋น๋์จ์ด ๋์๋ค (34.5% vs. 9.1%P < 0.05). ์ด๋ ๊ต๋๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ดํด๋ ์ ์ง๋์๋๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ๋ํ ์ค์ฆ๋น๋ 15.992 ์ด์๋ค (95% ์ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ 1.537-166.362, P = 0.020). ํ์๊ตฐ ๋ถ์์์๋ ์ค์๋์ด, ์ฑ๋ณ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ธ๋จ๊ด์ฌ์ด์ง ์์ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๊ณ , ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋น๋์ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ฑ์ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ๋จ๊ด ์ฌ์ด์ง ์์์ด ์๋ ๊ตฐ์์ ๋์ฑ ๋ถ๋ช
ํจ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ฑ์ธ์ ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ ํ์๋ค์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ํ๋ ์๋ ค์ง ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ํธํ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฉด์ญ์นจ์ฐฉ์ ๋ณตํฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น ๋ฐ์์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ํ์ธ์์๋ค. ๋น๋ก ๋ฏธ์ธ๋ณํ๋ณ ํ์๋ค์ ๋ง์ ์์์ ์์ ๊ดํด์ ๋๋ฌํ์ง๋ง, ์ฌ๋ฐ์ด 50% ์ด์์์ ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋น๋๋ ์ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ ์ธ์์๋ค.์๋ก 1
์คํ์ฌ๋ฃ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 9
๊ณ ์ฐฐ 37
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 44
Abstract 53Maste
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