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    A Study on Discriminational Strategy of the Route and Service of the Operating Shipping Company on the Route between Korea and Japan

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    ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทผํ•ดํ•ญ๋กœ์™€ ์›์–‘ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์šดํ•ญ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด๋“ค ์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ๋งŒ์— ๊ธฐํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ”ผ๋” ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์‹น์“ธ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ์šดํ•ญํ•˜๋˜ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€์ฒด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทผํ•ด๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ, ์›์–‘์„ ์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผยท์ค‘ํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ณธ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™ํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ์ œ13์ฐจ ํ•œ์ค‘ํ•ด์šดํšŒ๋‹ด์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œยท์ค‘ํ•ญ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์—๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํˆฌ์ž…์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ•์ค„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ผ๋” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž…์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ข์•„์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ฑ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ด๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์กด ๊ณต์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ณต๊ณผ์ž‰ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๋‹น๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์›๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์—… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ž ์‹๋‹นํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน, ์šด์ž„ ํ•˜๋ฝ, ์›ํ™” ๊ฐ•์„ธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œยทํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทผํ•ด๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ํ™•๋ณดยท์ˆ˜์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜์—…๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ์„ ๋ณต๊ณผ์ž‰์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ข€ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ์•„์‹œ์•„์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์„ ์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์›๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์ •๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํฌ์ง€์…˜๋‹๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋„ค๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๋กœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„  ๋ฐ ์šดํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ทจ์œจ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์šด์†ก์›๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ์ค‘ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „(ๅ…จ) ๊ทผํ•ดํ•ญ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ์™ธ๊ตญ์  ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œยท์ผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ทผํ•ด ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์ ์„ ๋Œ€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ํ”ผ๋” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ•ญ๋กœ๋ณ„ ๊ณต๋™๋ฐฐ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ œํœด๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•œยท์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ตœ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ”ผ๋” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋™์šดํ•ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ Pendulum Service๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์‚ฌ, ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์˜์ฒด(Working Group) ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์šด์˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณต๋™์šดํ•ญ ๊ทผํ•ด๊ตญ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ ํ•˜์—ญ์š”์œจ ์ธํ•˜์ •์ฑ…๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ํ”ผ๋”๋ง ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์  ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์šด์ž„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ๊ณต๋™์šดํ•ญ์˜ ์ž์ฒด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ๊ณต๋™ ์ด์šฉ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ญ์š”์œจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๋™์šดํ•ญ ๊ทผํ•ด์„ ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™” ์ถ”์ง„์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ผ๊ตญ๊ฐ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์›์–‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜•์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•ญ๋กœ์ƒ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ•ญ์„ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜์—…๋ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ๋ฐ, ํ—ˆ๋ธŒํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์›์–‘์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ํ•ญ๋กœ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฐ•๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋จธ์Šคํฌ ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2,890teu๊ธ‰ ๋จธ์Šคํฌ ํŽจ๋ธŒ๋ฅดํฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์ž์นด๋ฅดํƒ€ ํ•ญ๋กœ์— ํˆฌ์ž…, ํ”ผ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ณต๋žต์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์นด๋ฅดํƒ€-ํƒ„์ค‘ ํŽ ๋ ˆํŒŒ์Šค ํ•ญ๋กœ์—๋Š” 1,700teu๊ธ‰ ํ”ผ๋”์„  2์ฒ™์„ ํˆฌ์ž…, ์—ญ๋‚ด ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ํก์ˆ˜์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ์€ ๋จธ์Šคํฌ ๋ผ์ธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋™์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๋กœ์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทผํ•ด์ˆ˜์†กํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ’€๋งํ˜‘์ • ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์šดํ•ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณผ๋‹น ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์™€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 1 ์ œ 2์žฅ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์„ 3 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ํ•œยท์ผ ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™” 3 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ํ•œยท์ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 5 ์ œ 3์žฅ ํ•œยท์ผ ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ๋ถ„์„ 8 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 8 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 13 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹ ๋ถ„์„ 25 ์ œ 4์žฅ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ์ „๋žต ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 30 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹ ์ „๋žต 30 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ํฌ์ง€์…˜๋‹ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ 32 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ํ•ด์šด์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด 33 ์ œ4์ ˆ ํ•œยท์ผํ•ญ๋กœ ์šดํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ํฌ์ง€์…˜๋‹ ์ „๋žต์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 47 ์ œ 5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  52 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 52 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 54 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 55 ABSTRACT 5

    C ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€ ์นจ์ฐฉ์ด ๋ž˜ํŠธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ-์žฌ๊ด€๋ฅ˜ ์†์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊น€๊ธฐ๋ด‰.Objective We evaluated the effect of monomeric C-reactive protein (CRP) deposition on areas at risk (AAR) of myocardium with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45minutes followed by 45minutes of reperfusion using female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue from non-ischemic areas, areas at risk, and infarct areas determined by Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was obtained from the sham group, the ischemia-reperfusion injury without CRP injection group (I/R only group), and the ischemia-reperfusion injury with CRP injection group (I/R+CRP group). We assessed the effect of CRP injection on infarct size, CRP deposition, CRP and IL-6 mRNA expression, the third component of complement (C3) immunodeposition, and mitochondrial structural remodeling with apoptosis by quantitative RT-PCR analyses, immunohistochemistry, direct immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and TUNEL assay, respectively. All images were analyzed using an automated morphology tool. Results The infarct area significantly increased in the I/R+CRP group than in the I/R only group. The anti CRP antibody confirmed that CRP deposition occurred in both the infarct and AAR of the I/R+CRP group. The myocardium did not exhibit CRP mRNA expression, and the CRP treatment group showed a tendency for IL-6 to increase without statistical significance. Activated C3, apoptosis, and mitochondrial destruction increased on AAR and infarct area in the I/R+CRP group. Conclusions These results strongly suggest the active participation of the deposition of CRP on AAR in the progression of myocardial infarction following ischemia-reperfusion injury.Introduction 1 Methods 2 Results 9 Discussion 20 Conclusion 24 References 25 Abstract in Korean 29Docto

    Comparison of direct versus remote ischemic preconditioning

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ‰๋ถ€์™ธ๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2013. 2. ๊น€๊ธฐ๋ด‰.Background: Ischemic preconditioning, direct or remote, has been known to protect the myocardium against lethal ischemic injury. Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is also known to have protective and regulating effects on myocardial infarction. The aims of the present study are(1) to compare the effect of direct versus remote type of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial protection, (2) to examine the expression level of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in acute stage of myocardial infarction, and (3) to demonstrate if the expression of NCAM is involved in myocardial ischemic preconditioning models in rat. Methods: Ischemic preconditioning was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat by three cycles of 3 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (Direct group, n=7) or left femoral artery (Remote group, n=7), followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 50 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 50 minutes (Control group, n=7). Infarct and at risk area was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-NCAM rabbit polyclonal antibody H-300. Expression level of NCAM of infarct area was presented as the ratio of intensity of infarct area to intensity of the reference area. Results: The direct ischemic preconditioning significantly decreased the infarct size (p = 0.003) when compared with that of the control group. The infarct size was also decreased in the remote group, however, there was no significant difference when compared with that of the control group (p = 0.269). The infarct size in the direct group was smaller than that in the remote group without significant difference between two groups (p = 0.097). In the immunohistochemistry, the expression of NCAM in the direct group was lower than the other 2 groupshowever, there was no significant difference in the NCAM expression level among the three groups. Conclusions: Ischemic preconditioning to the left anterior descending coronary artery territory provided a myocardial protection for ischemia-reperfusion injury to the same coronary artery territory. However, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning to the femoral artery was not significant in the rat myocardium infarction model. The expression of NCAM seemed to be down-regulated in the acute stage of myocardial infarction and showed no differences in the groups of ischemic preconditioning in rat.Abstract...i Contents...iii List of tables...iv List of figuresโ€ฆv Introduction...1 Methods....3 Results.....8 Discussion.....10 References...16 Abstract in Korean...28Maste

    Categorification and supercategorification of highest weight modules over quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 2. ๊ฐ•์„์ง„.Let U_q(\g) be the quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras and let V(ฮ›)V(\Lambda) be the integrable highest weight U_q(\g)-module. We prove that V(ฮ›)V(\Lambda) can be categorified via the cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebra \KLR^\Lambda and supercategorified via the cyclotomic quiver Hecke superalgebras Rฮ›\R^\Lambda, simultaneously. Moreover, since U^-_q(\g) is the projective limit of V(ฮ›)V(\Lambda), U^-_q(\g) can be also categorified via the quiver Hecke algebra \KLR and supercategorified via the quiver Hecke superalgebras R\R, simultaneously.Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras 2.1 Generalized Kac-Moody algebras 2.2 Quantum deformation 2.3 Lower crystal bases 2.4 Upper crystal bases 2.5 Upper global bases 2.6 Perfect bases 3 Categorification 3.1 The quiver Hecke algebra R 3.2 The algebra R(n \alpha_i)3.3ThePoincarโ€ฒeโˆ’Birkhoffโˆ’Wittโˆ’typebasis3.4QuantumSerrerelation3.5Crystalstructureandstrongperfectbases3.6Thefunctors) 3.3 The Poincar'e-Birkhoff-Witt-type basis 3.4 Quantum Serre relation 3.5 Crystal structure and strong perfect bases 3.6 The functors E_i,, F_iand and \overline{F}_i3.7Cyclotomicquotient3.8Categorification4Supercategorification4.1Supercategoriesandsuperbimodules4.2ThequiverHeckesuperalgebraR4.3Strongperfectbasisof[Rep(R(ฮฒ))]4.4Thesuperfunctors 3.7 Cyclotomic quotient 3.8 Categorification 4 Supercategorification 4.1 Supercategories and superbimodules 4.2 The quiver Hecke superalgebra R 4.3 Strong perfect basis of [Rep(R(\beta))] 4.4 The superfunctors E_i,, F_iand and \overline{F}_i4.5Cyclotomicquotient4.6Thesuperfunctors 4.5 Cyclotomic quotient 4.6 The superfunctors E_i^\Lambdaand and F_i^\Lambda$ 4.7 Supercategorification Abstract (in Korean) 130 Acknowledgement (in Korean) 131Docto

    Pharmacogenomic Analysis Reveals CCNA2 as a Predictive Biomarker of Sensitivity to Polo-Like Kinase I Inhibitor in Gastric Cancer

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    Despite recent innovations and advances in early diagnosis, the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer remains poor due to a limited number of available therapeutics. Here, we employed pharmacogenomic analysis of 37 gastric cancer cell lines and 1345 small-molecule pharmacological compounds to investigate biomarkers predictive of cytotoxicity among gastric cancer cells to the tested drugs. We discovered that expression of CCNA2, encoding cyclin A2, was commonly associated with responses to polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors (BI-2536 and volasertib). We also found that elevated CCNA2 expression is required to confer sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors through increased mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Further, we demonstrated that CCNA2 expression is elevated in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumors, resulting in an increased sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors. Our study suggests that CCNA2 is a novel biomarker predictive of sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, particularly cases carrying KRAS mutation.ope

    Integrated pharmaco-proteogenomics defines two subgroups in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma with prognostic and therapeutic opportunities

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    The prognostic and therapeutic relevance of molecular subtypes for the most aggressive isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is currently limited due to high molecular heterogeneity of the tumors that impedes patient stratification. Here, we describe a distinct binary classification of IDH wild-type GBM tumors derived from a quantitative proteomic analysis of 39 IDH wild-type GBMs as well as IDH mutant and low-grade glioma controls. Specifically, GBM proteomic cluster 1 (GPC1) tumors exhibit Warburg-like features, neural stem-cell markers, immune checkpoint ligands, and a poor prognostic biomarker, FKBP prolyl isomerase 9 (FKBP9). Meanwhile, GPC2 tumors show elevated oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, differentiated oligodendrocyte and astrocyte markers, and a favorable prognostic biomarker, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH). Integrating these proteomic features with the pharmacological profiles of matched patient-derived cells (PDCs) reveals that the mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor AZD2014 is cytotoxic to the poor prognostic PDCs. Our analyses will guide GBM prognosis and precision treatment strategies.ope

    ์น˜๊ทผ๋‹จ ๋ณ‘์†Œ์™€ ์น˜์•„์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์  ์žฌ์‹์ˆ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    Thesis(masters) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2010.2.Maste

    ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์œ ์ „๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด์  ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข… ๋ถ„์„

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    Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer with extremely limited clinical option. Here, I adopted phamarco-proteogenomic approach to identify core oncogenic pathways and to locate vulnerable points in human GBM with 39 IDH-wildtype GBMs as well as IDH-mutant and low-grade glioma controls. I found two proteomic GBM subtypes, which are largely separated by oxidative-phosphorylation proteins. Specifically, GBM proteomic cluster 1 (GPC1) tumors exhibit Warburg-like features, poor prognostic signature, and neural stem-cell markers. To locate important pathways related to GPC1 tumor, I conducted high-throughput pharmacological characterization with murine-GBM model derived from glioma-stem-cell (GSC) origin. My research will suggest novel therapeutic strategies for GBM ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข…์€ ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์œจ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” 39๋ก€์˜ IDH ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข… ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ณผ 11๋ก€์˜ ์ €๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ต์ข… ๋ฐ 4๋ก€์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋‡Œ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฐœ์•” ๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ž‘์šฉ์ ์„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์œ ์ „๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด ์•„ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข…์ด ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”์ -์ธ์‚ฐํ™”์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, GPC1 ์ข…์–‘๋“ค์€ ์™€๋ฒ„๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๋‚˜์œ ํ™˜์ž ์˜ˆํ›„ ๋ฐ ๋‡Œ์‹คํ•˜๋Œ€ ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์‹คํ•˜๋Œ€ ์˜์—ญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข…์–‘๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข… ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹์„ GPC1 ์•„ํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข… ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•
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