30 research outputs found

    Economic Crisis and Intergenerational Economy: Lessons from Korea's 1997~98 Economic Crisis

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    This paper provides insight into some important features of the intergenerational resource allocation in Korea, before and after the financial crisis in 1997-98. Data sets of three periods before and after the financial crisis (1996, 2000, and 2005) wereโ… . Introduction ใ€€โ…ก. Background ใ€€โ…ข. Results ใ€€โ…ฃ. Conclusion ใ€€Reference

    Financing and Reforming Welfare

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    Considering the current and future political, economic and social circumstance, we have to find both the most suitable model of welfare state and the level of welfare budget. Instead of simply showing the direction of expanding welfare budget, we need a systematic discussion of how much to expand welfare budget and how to finance it. In particular. we need to find the best combination of the tax burden and the welfare budget with which majority of people agree. Based on such the welfare budget of consensus, the priority setting should be given to the welfare policies and programs. In turns, such the priority should depend on the legitimate evaluation of the concurrent welfare policies. In this paper, I attempt to reevaluate Koreas welfare state and programs. Then I suggest the welfare reform to improve the policies and financial substantialities. Firstly, we should improve welfare delivery system in terms of installing an administrative institution. Secondly, we must develop the appropriate official data and statistics to evaluate welfare programs. Thirdly, we construct a standardized policy evaluation system including the establishment of an control tower. Finally, a major amendment to the Social Welfare Basic Law plays a major role in enhancing the coordination and fine-tuning of various welfare programs and in improving the delivery system of welfare programs. These efforts give rise to guarantee the efficient and sustainable welfare budget. ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€์œ ํ˜• ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ง€์žฌ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ณต์ง€์žฌ์ •์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ ๋„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ ์ • ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๋ณต์ง€์žฌ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์˜ ์„ค์ •์€ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์นธ๋ง‰์ด, ์‚ฌ์ „ยท์‚ฌํ›„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ง„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณต์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ž€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€์กฐ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ ๋ฆ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ๊ฒŒ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณต์ง€์žฌ์ •ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋น„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ control tower๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ง€์ œ๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ยท์‚ฌํ›„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์„  ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์‹ค์ œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ• ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐœ์ •์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ ๊ฐœ ๋ณ„๊ณ„ํš ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ•ฉยท์กฐ์ • ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค

    Classification of the HRD Related Policies and the Evaluation of Their Effectiveness

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    ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ง€์‹์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(Human Resource Development) ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์‹คํšจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅยท๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(HRD)์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ HRD ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ HRD ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ HRD ํˆฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ HRD ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๊ฐ€ HRD์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, HRD์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ HRD๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ์‹œ ๋ฐ ํŒจ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํŽธ์ต์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ—‹ ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ - HRD์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ - HRD ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• - HRD ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—… ์ •์ฑ…ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜• - HRD ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—… ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ1. Introduction This research has three objectives. First, by classifying the HRD related policies in terms of their characteristics, we attempt to make HRD policies more systematic. Second, we construct the basic model evaluating the HRD-related policies using the existing micro data and more scientific and rigorous methods of policy evaluation. Third, based on the evaluation results, we analyze the effectiveness of the policies and draw some policy measures solving the problems. 2. The contents of this research 1) The role of the government in HRD HRD programs have been traditionally developed by government. However, considering the other developed countries' cases, we can find that the governments' development of the HRD programs plays less important role except the public education in which the possibility of market failure is considerably high. 2) HRD-related policy and characteristics by type a. The present state of the HRD policies The main frames of HRD-related policies are the National Human Resource Development Plan from Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the Life-time Vocational Education from Ministry of Labor and related Ministry, and the Female Human resource Development Plan from Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. b. The classification by the targets of the policies We specify the policies of vocational training and education by the target group; general people, young people, female workers and needed person. c. The classification by the ministries We classify the policies for the vocational education and training projects and the projects for creation of jobs as the result of the former policies. d. The classification by policy instruments. Based on the classification by the ministries, we classify the project into education, reeducation, vocational training and the supply side of social jobs creation. e. The classification by financing methods We divide the policies for the national HRD, life-time vocational skill development, and female HRD. f. Taxation and social security policies As the related policies with the reinforcement of selective-social welfare system, these policies enlarge special deduction on labor workers and enable firms to treat the expenditure on vocational training as welfare cost. 3) The main contents and the objects of evaluating the vocational training projects. a. Vocational training As the major program of the Ministry of Labor, it supplements the sectors which are not covered by public education system in terms of vocational training. b. Training program for the unemployed Training the unemployed consists of the training program for the unemployed and programs for helping those avoiding unemployment. c. Training program for improving the current employees The main point of the government's policies is that it makes the firms implement the skill improvement training for the current employees autonomously. From employment insurance fund assigned to the firms, the government supports the firms' training programs financially. These policies include supporting training cost program and giving loans for employer. 3. Policy evaluation model and evaluation of job-training program This chapter introduces the policy evaluation methods for induced standard model of HRD policy and compare them. First, evaluating the impact of HRD program is divided by relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of program. Second, standard procedure for evaluating the effectiveness includes various methods of social experiment and quasi-experiment. Evaluations tended to use conventional regression methods using quasi-experimental control and experimental groups. The evaluation method using the quasi-experimental method can be applied for analyzing the effectiveness of the job training programs. Before and after model and difference in difference methods using cross sectional data or instrumental variables are also applied to both experimental group and control group. In addition, this research introduces the difference in difference method using panel data., Most of the researches often confront limitation of data. Therefore, this chapter reviews the data available for using job-training evaluation. Those data set includes the Korean Labour & Income Panel Study(KLIPS), the Korea Welfare Panel Study(Koweps), the Youth Panel, and job-training file from the Center for Employment Information in the Department of Labor. 4. The Evaluation of Vocational Training Programs To evaluate the vocational training programs, firstly, we need to construct the evaluation criteria based on goal and feasibility of program. Second, we have to consider that the program outcome has been achieved. Finally, we should evaluate the efficiency for financial outcome. However, we face the problem of lack of data set and then we should consider policy coordination for improving efficiency. 5. Conclusion and further study This book investigates the evaluation models estimating the effectiveness of job-training using the micro & panel data sets. Especially, main purpose of this book is evaluating effectiveness of various HRD programs in terms of comparing benefits and costs. Based on these evaluations, we can focus on the procedures of the HRD policy making. And we also intensively analyze how to improve HRD using the Cafeteria-plan that have been introduced in 2001. This is very important because development of HRD evaluation model and evaluation of program effectiveness can analyze consistency, durability, and efficiency of the HRD policies implemented by the Korea Government. As a result, it could give rise to success in the HRD policy and accomplishment of various evaluation.์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก : ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ์ œ2์žฅ HRD์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ œ1์ ˆ HRD์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ˆ™๋ จ(skill)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ดํ•ด 4 ์ œ3์ ˆ HRD์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ 6 ์ œ3์žฅ HRD ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• ์ œ1์ ˆ HRD์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ•  9 ์ œ2์ ˆ HRD ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง• 11 1. HRD ์ •์ฑ… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 11 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 17 3. ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ณ„ 22 4. ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ 27 5. ์žฌ์›์กฐ๋‹ฌ 31 6. ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… 38 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Œ€์ƒ 39 1. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—… 39 2. ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ…ํ›ˆ๋ จ 41 3. ์žฌ์ง ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ›ˆ๋ จ 44 ์ œ4์žฅ HRD ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—… ์ •์ฑ…ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜• ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต 47 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 48 2. ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์ค€์‹คํ—˜์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 49 3. ์‚ฌ์ „ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 53 4. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ท ํ˜•๋ถ„์„ 57 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 59 1. ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 59 2. ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 60 2. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 64 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 68 ์ œ5์žฅ HRD ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—… ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ 75 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  82 1. ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 82 2. ์žฌ์ง๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 85 3. ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์‹คํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ •ใ†์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ 87 4. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ถ•์  ๋ฏธ๋น„ 87 5. ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ 89 6. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ 91 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ์ œ 92 1. ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 92 2. ๊ธฐ์—…์ฃผ๋„์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 94 3. ์ค‘๋ณต์š”์ธ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” 94 4. HRD ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ธ์ œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ์ œ 97 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ SUMMARYใ†103 Job Corps 111 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œใ†11

    ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ

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    ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์— ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›, ํ•œ๊ตญ์กฐ์„ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ์ œ(2004~2006)"๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ์—ฐ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณ‘์›์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ์ž๋ณธ์ถ•์ ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“ ๋งŒ๋ถˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 3๋งŒ๋ถˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ „์ง„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์˜ ์•ฝํ™”๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ œ๋„์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ •์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๋„์  ์ •๋น„๋ฅผ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™œ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธํ›„์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœํ˜๋„ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์ €์ถ•๋ฅ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์กฐ์†ํžˆ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋…ธ์ธ๋ณต์ง€ยท๋…ธ์ธ์˜๋ฃŒยท๋…ธ์ธ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ณต์ง€์ˆ˜์š”์ฆ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์žฌ์ •๊ทœ์œจ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ฐœํ˜์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐœํ˜ ๋“ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋“๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜์  ์ธ๊ธฐ์˜ํ•ฉ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ›„์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ง„์ „๋žต์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ œ1๊ถŒ ์ด๊ด„๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ์ด์–ด ์ œ2๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ์™€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ฑ…"์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ „๋ง์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ3๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ"์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ4๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๋ณด๊ฑดยท๋ณต์ง€๋Œ€์ฑ…" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์˜๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์ธยท์—ฌ์„ฑยท๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ5๊ถŒ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๋…ธ์ธ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ๋…ธ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹น๋ฉด๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ6๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ"๋กœ์„œ, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ, ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ , ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์ €์ถ•, ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ7๊ถŒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์กฐ์„ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ "์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์žฌ์ •" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ1๊ถŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ์™€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ฑ… 1. ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋“ค์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ด€๋ จ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด ์™”์—ˆ๋˜ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ธ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ถœ์‚ฐ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์œจ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ํ˜ผ์ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์œจ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋‚ณ์€ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์š”์ปจ๋Œ€, ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ์œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํญ๋„ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ž„๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ถœ์‚ฐ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€์ž„๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์ ๋ น๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ธ๋น„์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋„์‹œํ™”, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ง ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑํ•ด์ฒด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜์‹์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ž„์„ธ๋Œ€์ธ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ž๋…€๊ด€์€ ํ˜ผ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ˜„์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ์ถ”๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2050๋…„ ์ด์ „์— ๋ชจ๋“  ํšŒ์›๊ตญ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์น˜์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ด์™ธ์— ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ ฅ ๋ณ€๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ถœ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ํšŒ๋ณต๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ง„์ฒ™๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ตฌ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ •์ฑ…, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ •์ฑ…, ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…, ์ด๋ฏผ์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ ์ œ๏ผ‘์žฅ ์„œ ์–ธ ์ œ๏ผ’์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ใ€€ใ€€1. ์„ฑ์žฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ž ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€3. ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ „๋ง ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ 1980๏ฝž2003๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ใ€€ใ€€1. ์ทจ์—…์ž์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ด ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€3. ์ž๋ณธ์Šคํ†ก ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€4. ์„ฑ์žฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ใ€€ใ€€5. ์ž ์žฌ GDP ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ „๋ง ใ€€ใ€€1. ์ธ๊ตฌ์ „๋ง ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ทจ์—…์ž์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ง ใ€€ใ€€3. ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ง ใ€€ใ€€4. ์ €์ถ•๋ฅ , ํˆฌ์ž, ์ž๋ณธ์Šคํ†ก ๋ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ „๋ง ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ œ3์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ ๋ก  ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”, ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํ•™๋ ฅํ™” ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ใ€€ใ€€1. ์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ • ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์™€ ์ž์˜์—… ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ๋น„๊ต ใ€€ใ€€3. ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธก์ • ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ œ๏ผ”์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์†Œ๋น„ ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ ๋ก  ใ€€ใ€€1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์†Œ๋น„, ์ €์ถ•, ๋ถ€์˜ ์ถ•์ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์†Œ๋น„ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์€ํ‡ด์™€ ์€ํ‡ด ์ „ํ›„ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ใ€€ใ€€1. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์—ฐ๋ น์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์ด์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€ใ€€3. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์€ํ‡ด์™€ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์€ํ‡ด์™€ ์€ํ‡ด ์ „ํ›„ ์†Œ๋น„๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • ใ€€ใ€€2. ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• ใ€€ใ€€3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ใ€€ใ€€4. ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€ใ€€1. ์€ํ‡ด ์ „ํ›„ ์†Œ๋น„๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€ใ€€2. ์กฐ๊ธฐ์€ํ‡ด์™€ ์€ํ‡ด ์ „ํ›„ ์†Œ๋น„๋ณ€ํ™” ใ€€์ œ6์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ œ๏ผ•์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์ €์ถ•: ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ €์ถ• ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ €์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์ €์ถ• ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์ €์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ใ€€ใ€€2. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ถ”์ด ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ์ฑ…์ž„์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ์˜ ์ถ”๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง ใ€€ใ€€1. ์ฑ…์ž„์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ใ€€ใ€€3. ์ฑ…์ž„์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ใ€€ใ€€4. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ด์„ ใ€€ใ€€5. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ใ€๋ถ€ ๋กใ€‘ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์žฌ์ •์ˆ˜์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ๏ผ–์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ ๋ก  ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ใ€€ใ€€1. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ใ€€ใ€€2. ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€3. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€4. ์ž ๋ฃŒ ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ใ€€ใ€€1. ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ถ”์ • ใ€€ใ€€2. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ œ๏ผ—์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์ฃผํƒ๊ธˆ์œต: ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ ๋ก  ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ก  ใ€€ใ€€1. ์—ญ์ €๋‹น์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ ใ€€ใ€€2. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ๋„์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ ใ€€ใ€€1. ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ๋„์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ใ€€ใ€€2. ์—ญ์ €๋‹น์˜ ์†Œ๋“๋ณด์กฐํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ž ์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ถ”์ • ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ์—ญ์ €๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ์ œ ใ€€ใ€€1. ์—ญ์ €๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ •๋ฆฝ ใ€€ใ€€2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋ถ„๋‹ด์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ •๋ฆฝ ใ€€ใ€€3. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ใ€€์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธ
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