49 research outputs found

    Development of Forest-based Health Promotion Program for Vulnerable School Children

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a forest-based health promotion program for vulnerable school children. Methods: The specific process for program development involved establishing a program goal, assessing the needs of the participants, analyzing existing programs and constructing a forest-based program. Results: Each session of the program, which consisted of a total of 10 sessions, included 40 to 50 minutes of indoor education for children's physical and psychosocial health and 60 to 70 minutes of forest experience activities with nursing student mentors. For the application of the program, guidelines for mentor selection and prior education, physical environment check, children's safety, criteria for evaluation of the program effects and operation of the program were developed. Conclusion: This study presents the specific procedures and contents for developing a forest- based program for vulnerable school children. The results of this study will provide useful data to develop a community-based program to promote the physical and psychosocial health of vulnerable school children.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2016R1A2B4007767). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2016R1A2B4007767)

    Stressors and Stress Responses of Unmarried Mothers Based on Betty Neuman's Systems Model: An Integrative Review

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of variables in studies related to unmarried mothers (UMs) based on Neuman's systems model, and the stressors and stress responses of UMs. Methods: Whittemore and Knaflโ€™s methodology for integrative reviews was applied. The literature was searched using five electronic databases (KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, NDSL, and RISS) and a total of 99 variables were collected from 15 studies published between 2009 and 2019. Results: The main stressors for UMs were a sense of loss and burden caused by childbirth and childrearing. The main stress responses were parenting stress and depression, respectively. Within the basic structure of variables related to UMs, self-esteem played a crucial role by helping UMs adapt to their situation. Meanwhile, social support of UMs was significantly correlated with parenting stress, depression, and self-esteem. Conclusion: In order to understand UMs' stress, is necessary to explore their sense of loss, burden, and self-esteem. Furthermore, it is important to assess the level of parenting stress and depression of UMs and to provide effective interventions to alleviate these stressors. The results of this study provide useful knowledge that can be applied to nursing assessment and interventions for stress management in UMs.Y

    (The) clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of adult-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Korea

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์–ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „์‹ ์ ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ž„์ƒ์–‘์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๋ณ‘์ธ์€ ์ธ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์—ฐ๋ น ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ์•ฝ ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 20์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ˜•๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์„ 20์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ  ๋ฐ HLA-DR, -DQ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ง€์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ 128๋ช…๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ 105๋ช…์˜ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 233๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ญGAD ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ IA-2 ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํ•จ์ œ HLA-DR๋ฐ -DQ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต,๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์€ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋” ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€์ง„ํ˜• ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ•ญGAD ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ 64.0%๋กœ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ 60.3%์™€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ IA-2์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ 20.0%, ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ 14.4%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ HLA-DR์ธ์ž๋Š” DR4 ๋ฐ DR9 ํ•ญ์›ํ˜•์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ HLA-DQA1์ด๋‚˜ -DQB1 ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  DQA1 (*)**0601 , DQB1 (*)**0301 , DQB1 (*)**0601 ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” DR3, DR4, DR9 ๋ฐ DQA1 (*)**0301 , DQA1 (*)**0501 , DQB1 (*)**0201 ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  HLA-DQA1๊ณผ -DQB1 ์ดํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • DR๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ผ๋ฐฐ์ฒดํ˜• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ• ๋•Œ๋„ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ˜•์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ HLA-DR4 ๋ฐ -DR9์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ตฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ด์™€ ์ผ๋ฐฐ์ฒดํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” HLA-DQ ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œ์ผœ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ DR9-DQ9์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ DR4-DQ4๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•ญGAD ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘ํ˜• ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ•ญGAD ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ , HLA-DR ํ•ญ๋ญ”ํ˜• ๋ฐ HLA-DQ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์ด ์†Œ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กดํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๋ณ‘์ธ์ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” HLA ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ธ์ž๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is an autoimmune disease occurring among genetically susceptible induviduals. Although the HLA class ll genes and immunological abnormanities are clearly associated with IDDM in all racial groups, there are considerable variationsn in associated genotypes and prevalence of autoantibodies. In Korea, we have many difficulties in diagnosis of non-obese diabetic patients having above 20 of onset age with atypical presentation. In order to investigate the characteristics of the immunogenetic patterns and to use as an early diagnostic tool and a guideline of the therapeutic plan in Korean adult-onset IDDM as compared with childhood-onset patients, we perfomed the examination of clinical findings and the mearsurements of anti-GAD antibody by immunoradiometric assay or immunoprecipitation after in vitro translation of human GADcDNA and IA-2 antibody by immunoprecipitaion after in vitro translation of human IA-2cDNA and analyzed the dislribution of HLA-DR serotypes by lymphocyte microcytotoxicity method, HLA-DQAI genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism and HLA- DQB1 genotypes by dot-blotting analysis using sequnece specific oligonucleotide probe in 128 adult-onset patients among total 233 IDDM patients. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Adult-onset patients had more preserved beta cell functions and slowly evolving farm of clinical pattern rather than childhood onset cases. 2. Each prevalence of anti-GAD and IA-2 antibody was 64% and 14.4% in adult-onset patients. Among them, the group with DR9-DQ9 had higher prevalence of antiGAD antibody rather than DR4-DQ4 group. 3. There were increased frequencies of HLA-DR4 and -DR9 in adult-onset patients. Considering the frequency of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 and the distribution of DQ heterodimers, they had no significantly increased genotypes or haplotypes. But childhood-onset cases had high froquencies in HLA DR3, -DR4, -DR9 serotypes and DQA1 (*)**0301 , DQA1 (*)**0501 , DQB1 (*)**0201 genotypes. In conclusion, Korean adult-onset IDDM patients have relatively higer prevalence of anti-GAD antibody implicating autoimmune pathogenesis and the detection of anti-GAD antibody can give a guideline in the determination of insulin dependency of non-obese adult-onset diabetes. Because the strength of the association with HLA genetic markers in them was weaker than in chilhood-onset cases, this pathogenetic heterogenesity according to age of onset may be due to the influences of other genetic markers and environmetal factors involved in the etiology of Korean IDDM.restrictio

    A Study on Forest Policy of Democratic People's Republic of Korea Represented in ใ€ŽRodong Shinmunใ€-from 1990 through 2011-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ™˜๊ฒฝํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 8. ์œค์—ฌ์ฐฝ.๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ™ฉํํ™”๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์‚ฐ์ง€์˜ ๋…นํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์ฒด ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ๋ถํ•œ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์ธ ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ™ฉํํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๋ถํ•œ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ™ฉํํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์ƒ์— ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์™ธํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถํ•œ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๋„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์œ ํ˜•, ํŽธ์ง‘์–‘์‹๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถํ•œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๋„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํŽธ์ง‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ 94.9%๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด(๋ถํ•œ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 5.1%์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ž์›(์กฐ์„ฑ, ์–‘๋ฌ˜, ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ฒฝ์˜, ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด 74%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2000๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ/ ์ž๋ ฅ๊ฐฑ์ƒ/ ์–‘๋ฌ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ข…์žํ™•๋ณด/ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์› ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ•ํ™”/ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ž์ฒด์  ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผํ•™ํ™” ์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ํ™”์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊น€์ •์ผ์ด 71.7%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊น€์ผ์„ฑโ€ข๊น€์ •์ผ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œโ€ข์›์ธ์ œ๊ณต์ž์™€ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํ™ฉํํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ด์ „ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 45%์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์› ์ •์ฑ…, ์‹๋Ÿ‰โ€ข๋†์—… ์ •์ฑ…, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž์› ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹๋Ÿ‰โ€ข๋†์—… ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ 1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2000๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ 75.9%์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ 37%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ 5.2%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ 30.7%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 14.4%์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋™โ€ขํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์ธ ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ™ฉํํ™”๋œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚จ๋ถ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‚œโ€ข์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋“ฑ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ถํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋ณต์› ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„์— ์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea(DPRK) has experienced a rapid deforestation since mid 1980s. The DPRK deforestation has attracted international attention to the environmental concerns. The Republic of Korea (ROK) is not the exception from the initiatives for supporting DPRKs efforts in rehabilitation of deforested lands. There have been some researchers who have tried to identify the facts of deforestation and its impacts which could provide the basis for designing development assistance to improve forest conditions in DPRK. This research focused on understanding the substance of DPRKs forest policy and governments stance on the forest degradation. However there are not many official policy documents containing the achievements of forest rehabilitation by DPRK. Rodong Shinmunas an official newspaper published by North Korean Workers Party represents DPRKs governmental policies and is one of a few accessible information sources on the matter of DPRK available in ROK. This study aims to understand the national forest policies of the DPRK represented in Rodong Shinmun by employing content analysis methodology. All the articles carrying terms of Sanlim(forest)and Rimsan(forest product) in the title of articles in the issues from 1990 to 2011 were selected. There were total 499 articles containing the two vocabularies during the last twenty issues. It is postulated that the level of DPRK governments attitude toward active promotion of their forest policy by means of frequent appearance of forest-related articles and their own unique editing technique. Especially, the level of emphasis was increased when the DPRK society undergoes environmental disasters. The contents of forest related articles analyzed include the place of events, topic, frame of article, speakers of articles, stakeholders and facts information composed of articles. The subjects of represented forest policies were classified into four groupsforestation, forest management, land management and forest protection or conservation. Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il were the main speakers of articles and represented as the leading voice for the discourse of forest-related problem solving. The focus of forest policy has been changed from economic utilization of forest resources such as production of timber and other economic goods in the 1990s to forest protection in the 2000s. DPRK has promoted forest policy along with energyโ€ขresources / foodโ€ขagriculture / economic development policy. Rodong Shinmun reported regulatory instruments and informational instruments more frequently than economic instruments. Official commendation and awards were the main incentives given to the people who contributed to forestry achievements. In particular, forest policies were emphasized by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il and afforestation and forest protection were described as patriotic activities in the Rodong Shinmun. And the government instigates and emphasizes participation of private sector. In conclusion, this study shows that Rodong Shinmun plays a role as a means for introducing, propagating and instigating forest policies in the society of the DPRK. The findings of this study contribute to improved understanding of the DPRK forest policies and can be of use for designing international support for rehabilitation of DPRK forestlands. The findings imply that international support for rehabilitation for DPRK should be linked with programs for solving the energy and food shortage of DPRK, preferably with economic incentives.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ i ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ iv ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ v ๏ผ‘ ์„œ๋ก  1 ๏ผ‘.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ๏ผ‘.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  4 ๏ผ‘.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 ๏ผ’ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 ๏ผ’.1 ๋ถํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 7 ๏ผ’.1.1 ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 7 ๏ผ’.1.2 ๋ถํ•œ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ 8 ๏ผ’.1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ 10 ๏ผ’.2 ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ก  20 ๏ผ’.2.1 ์ •์ฑ…ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก  20 ๏ผ’.2.2 ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์ด๋ก  21 ๏ผ’.2.3 ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€-์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€ ์ด๋ก (๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ฐธ์—ฌ) 22 ๏ผ’.3 ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ด๋ก  23 ๏ผ’.4 ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 ๏ผ’.4.1 ๋กœ๋™์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 ๏ผ’.4.2 ๋ถํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ… ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 28 ๏ผ’.5 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 31 ๏ผ“ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 33 ๏ผ“.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 34 ๏ผ“.1.1 ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ 34 ๏ผ“.1.2 ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”์™€ ์ธก์ • 34 ๏ผ“.2 ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 38 ๏ผ“.2.1 ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ์œ„ 38 ๏ผ“.2.2 ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 39 ๏ผ” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 48 ๏ผ”.1 ์™ธํ˜•๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ๏ผ”.1.1 ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ถ”์ด 48 ๏ผ”.1.2 ์™ธํ˜•๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 ๏ผ”.2 ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 53 ๏ผ”.2.1 ๋‰ด์Šค ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ 53 ๏ผ”.2.2 ์ฃผ์ œ 54 ๏ผ”.2.3 ๋‰ด์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ 56 ๏ผ”.2.4 ํ™”์ž 59 ๏ผ”.2.5 ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ด€๋ จ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž 60 ๏ผ”.2.6 ์‚ฌ์‹คํ™•์ธ 62 ๏ผ”.3 ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ •์ฑ…์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 66 ๏ผ”.3.1 ์ •์ฑ…ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด๋ก  66 ๏ผ”.3.2 ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ก  70 ๏ผ”.3.3 ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ 75 ๏ผ• ๊ฒฐ๋ก  77 ๏ผ•.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ ํ•จ์˜ 77 ๏ผ•.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 80 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 82 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 87 Abstract 96Maste

    Correlation between nutritional status and urea kinetic modeling in hemodialysis patients

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ-์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋จ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ํˆฌ์„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. National Cooperative Dialysis Study(์ดํ•˜ NCDS๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์ดํ›„ ์š”์†Œ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™ ๋ชจํ˜•(urea kiethic modeling, ์ดํ•˜ UKM์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์ด ์ฃผ์ฐฝ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ธ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์˜์–‘ํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 12๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ํ™˜์ž 82๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฒ•(subjective global assessment ์ดํ•˜ SGA๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ UKM์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™˜์ž 82๋ช…์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ 57๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ 25๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  ํˆฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 30.5๊ฐœ์›”์ด๊ณ  ์›์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์‹ ์—ผ์ด 42๋ช…(57.2%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ๋†๋„๋Š” 4.3ยฑ0.4g/dl, ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ดํ™”์œจ(normaliized protein catabolic rate, ์ดํ•˜ NPCR๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์€ 1.04ยฑ0.24g/kg/day, delivered Kt/V(์ดํ•˜ dkt/V๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•จ)๋Š” 1.30ยฑ0.31, standardized creatinine clearance(์ดํ•˜ SCCr๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์€ 66.56ยฑ10.69 1/wk/1.73m**2 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. SGA์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ 69๋ช…(84.1%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ ์˜์–‘๊ตฐ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  13๋ช…(15.9%)์ด ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์ •์ƒ ์˜์–‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(27.0 vs 48.9๊ฐœ์›”, p<0.05) ์ž”์—ฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(residual renal function, ์ดํ•˜ RRF๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์€ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(1.21 vs 0.31ml/min, p<0.05). 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํšŒ์ƒ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ผ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰(25.4 vs 23.3 kcal/kg/day) ๋ฐ ์ผ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰(1.0 vs 0.9 g/kg/day)์€ ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์˜์˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์š”์†Œ ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–‘์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜์˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋„ ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 4. NPCR, dKt/V, ์ž”์—ฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Œ์€ ์ฃผ๋‹นํˆฌ์„๋Ÿ‰(ํžˆํ•˜ TW-Kt/V๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ), ์ž”์—ฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ์ดํˆฌ์„๋Ÿ‰(์ดํ•˜ TWR-Kt/V๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ)์€ ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ ์˜์–‘๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5. NPCR๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ, ์ด์ฒด๋‚ด๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰(total body muscle, ์ดํ•˜ TBM์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ) ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰(lean body mass, ์ดํ•˜ LBM์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•จ) ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์˜์˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์†Œ ๋™๋ ฅํ•™ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ค‘ dKt/V์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ RRF, TW-Kt/V ๋ฐ TWR-Kt/V์™€๋Š” ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ 15.9%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์™€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ, UKM์— ์˜ํ•œ NPCR์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํˆฌ์„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์ž”์—ฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ Kt/Vurea๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์„๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘ ์‹ค์กฐ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Protein-calorie malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis due to multiple factors. It is well known that optimal nutritional support and adequacy of hemodialysis are the most important factors to determine the morbidity and mortality of these patients. To assess the relationship between nutritional status and dialysis adequacy, the present cross-sectional study was carried out assessing nutritional status by subjective global assessment and dietary flood intake by 24 hour recall method as well as by anthropometric measurement in 82 stable hemodialysis patients. Individual nutritional status was compared with various biochemical and urea kinetic variables such as normalized protein catabolic rate, Kt/V and standardized creatinine clearance. 1. There were 57 men and 25 women with mean hemodialysis duration of 30.5 months and the most common causative disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in 42 cases(57.2%). The mean concentration of albumin was 4.3 ยฑ 0.4 g/dl, normalized protein catabolic rate(NPCR) 1.04 ยฑ 0.24 g/kg/day, Kt/V^^urea 1.30 ยฑ 0.31 and standardized creatinine clearance(SCCr) 66.56 ยฑ 10.69 1/wk/1.73m**2 . 2. Thirteen patients(15.9%) were classified as malnourished by subjective global assessment and the remaining sixty-nine patients(84.1%) didn't show the evidences of malnutrition. 3. Malnourished patients had significantly longer hemodialysis duration and lower values in blood urea nitrogen concentration, residual renal function, normalized protein catabolic rate and Kt/V^^urea than normal nutritional patients. 4. Normalized protein catabolic rate showed no correlation with serum albumin value, total body muscle, lean body mass and Kt/V^^urea . But it revealed a weak positive correlation with residual renal funtion, TW-Kt/V and TWR7-Kt/V. In conclusion, nutritional support and adequate dialysis should be emphasized in patients with longer hemodialysis duration and lower blood urea nitrogen. NPCR and Kt/V^^urea provide a more sensitive measure of nutritional status assessed by SGA in hemodialysis patients than anthropometry and other biochemical parameters such as serum albumin concentration. Therefore regular follow-up of NPCR and Kt/V^^urea with an adequate adjustment of dialysis proscription may contribute to improve the nutritional status of patients. Further prospective study is needed to evaluate the exact relationship between dialysis dose and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.restrictio

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    Uncertainty and Transfer Anxiety of Pediatric Patients Mothers upon Discharge from the PICU

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ๋ฐฉ๊ฒฝ์ˆ™.์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์œ„๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ „๋˜์–ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„๋™์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์„œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™˜์•„๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋Œ๋ด„์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ํ‡ด์‹คํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ์ผ๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋™์ด ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ 94๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2011๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2012๋…„ 1์›” 10์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” Mishel (1983)์˜ Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS)๊ณผ Spielberg์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ(Spielberg, 1970)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS Statistics 19 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ํ‰๊ท  47.54ยฑ6.90์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  ํ‰์ ์€ 2.16ยฑ0.31์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ‰๊ท  43.09 ยฑ9.51์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  ํ‰์ ์€ 2.15ยฑ0.48์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2) ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ(p=.035), ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(p=.043), ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…(p=.022)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3) ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ข…๊ต(p=.044), ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(p=.044), ์ „๋™ ์‹œ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘์ฆ๋„(p=.047)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4) ์†Œ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ํ‡ด์‹คํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” r=0.591(p<.001)๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ํ‡ด์‹ค ์‹œ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ , ํ†ต์ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ธ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.Even though the health of patients who were admitted to the ICU under life-threatening conditions may improve, they may still regard themselves as critical patients or may experience transfer anxiety about separating from the familiar ICU medical staff and environment when being transferring to the general ward. Patients' families may also experience transfer anxiety. However, since the child is usually very sensitive to the mothers emotions, understanding and caring about the mother as well as the patient can be seen as a necessity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the level of uncertainty in illness and transfer anxiety, and to identify the participants characteristic that influences them by targeting the mothers of transferred patients from the pediatric ICU to the general ward. This study is a descriptive correlation research study. A questionnaire was distributed and data were collected after receiving written consent from individual participants who had been scheduled to transfer from the PICU to the general ward from August 1, 2011 to January 10, 2012. Data were collected from 94 Participants. The questionnaires included Mishels Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) to measure uncertainty and Spielbergs state anxiety scale to assess transfer anxiety. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 19. The findings were as follows: 1) The uncertainty level was, on average, 47.54 (ยฑ6.90)the item mean score was 2.16 (ยฑ0.31). The transfer anxiety level was, on average, 43.09 (ยฑ9.51)the item mean score was 2.15 (ยฑ0.48). 2) The level of uncertainty significantly differed according to education level (p=.035), duration of marriage (p=.043), and monthly income (p=.022). 3) The level of transfer anxiety significantly differed according to religion (p=.044), duration of marriage (p=.043), and severity of illness at transfer (p=.047). 4) There are statistically significant positive correlations among uncertainty and transfer anxiety (r=0.59). Consequently, when the uncertainty level of the mothers of PICU patients scheduled to leave the PICU was high, the transfer anxiety level was also high. In particular, those with low education or those belonging to the low-income group require special attention, because their uncertainty levels tend to be high. To reduce the transfer anxiety and uncertainty of the mothers of patients, Efficient communication with medical staff and clear information can reduce ambiguity. Also, communication among medical staff should be improved through the development of standard protocol. Eventually such protocol should be considered to reduce the uncertainty and anxiety of patients and families. Furthermore, studies are needed to find factors related to transfer anxiety. Studies should also identify the anxiety level of mothers of children who were admitted to the PICU, and how their anxiety level changes.โ… .์„œ๋ก  11 1.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 11 2.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  13 3.์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜ 14 โ…ก.๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 16 1.์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ 16 2.์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ 18 3.์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ 20 4.์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ‡ด์‹ค ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 23 โ…ข.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 1.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 27 2.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 27 3.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 28 4.์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 30 5.์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 โ…ฃ.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 33 1.๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 33 2.ํ™˜์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„ 38 3.๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ 39 4.๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ 43 5.๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ์ „๋™๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 47 โ…ค.๋…ผ์˜ 48 โ…ฅ.๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 57 1.๊ฒฐ๋ก  57 2.์ œ์–ธ 59 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 60 ๋ถ€๋ก 68 Abstract 77Maste

    RANKL์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ adseverin์˜ ์—ญํ• 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๊น€ํ™ํฌ.Adseverin, a member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin binding proteins, is a Ca2+-dependent actin filament-severing protein. The role of adseverin has been reported about exocytosis regulation through actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in secretory cells. However, the function of adsevrin in bone still remains unclear, and it has not yet been examined in osteoclastogenesis. Here, I investigated the role of adseverin in osteoclastogenesis using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). I found that expression of the adseverin gene, scinderin, was up-regulated during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Knock-down of adseverin significantly blocked the increase of nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1), which is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis and also decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (MNCs). In addition, adseverin deficiency impaired the resorption activity and the secretion of bone degrading enzymes in osteoclast. These phenomenons were caused by decreased NFATc1 expression through NF-B signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that adseverin plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis via regulation of NFATc1 expression.CONTENTS ABSTRACT i CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v I. Introduction 1 II. Materials and Methods 4 1. Reagents and antibodies 4 2. Culture of osteoclast 4 3. TRAP staining and counting of osteoclast 5 4. Gene knock-down by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) 5 5. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 6 6. Quantitative real-time PCR 6 7. Nuclear fractionation and preparation of protein lysate 7 8. Resorption assay 8 9. Immunocytochemistry 8 10. Cell proliferation assay (CCK assay) 9 11. Western blot 9 12. MMP assay 10 13. Statistical analysis 10 III. Results 11 1. Adseverin expression is upregulated in RANKL-induced osteocalstogenesis 11 2. Osteoclasf differentation in adseverin knock-downed BMMs 13 3. Adseverin affects resorption activity of osteoclasts 15 4. Effect on actin ring formation and localization of adseverin 17 5. Adseverin does not affect the proliferation of BMMs 19 6. Adseverin controls expression of NFATc1 which is the key regulator of osteoclastogenesis 21 7. Adseverin regulates osteoclastogenesis via NF-kB signaling, not MAPKs 26 8. Enzyme secretion in adseverin-depleted osteoclasts 28 IV. Discussion 32 V. References 35 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 39Maste

    Development and Evaluation of an Urban Forest-based Health Promotion Program on Children Living in Group Homes

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ๋ฐฉ๊ฒฝ์ˆ™.๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑํ•ด์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฒฐํ•๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์น˜์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋™์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ˆฒ์˜ ์น˜์œ  ์ธ์ž์™€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์น˜์œ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆฒ์˜ ์น˜์œ  ์ธ์ž ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ADDIE ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์„, ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‹คํ–‰, ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ 5๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋งค์ฃผ 1ํšŒ์”ฉ 8์ฃผ๊ฐ„, ์ด 8ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋™์‹œ์  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ๊ตฐ ์ „ํ›„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ ์šฉ ์ „ํ›„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ, ์ •์„œํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ, ์šฐ์šธ, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„ 1์ฃผ์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด์˜ 3๊ฐœ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„ ๋ฐ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด 8๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ •๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ 120๋ถ„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆฒ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ 1ํšŒ์˜ ๋‹น์ผ ์ˆฒ ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Wilcoxon signed rank test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ •์„œํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Z=2.24, p=.025). ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ, ์šฐ์šธ, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ํ–‰๋™๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ž์—ฐ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ˆฒ์˜ ์ƒ์พŒํ•จ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚Œ, ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋จ, ์ˆฒ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ’€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์ง, ์ˆฒ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚Œ, ํƒ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ƒ๊น€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋™์˜ ์ •์„œํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋™์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์™„ํ™”, ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด, ์ž์—ฐ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”๋˜ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹ค๋ฌดํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์•„๋™๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Children living in group homes are more likely to have physical, mental, and social health problems resulting from family disorganization. Therefore, systematic programs are needed to alleviate their health problems. Employing a concurrent embedded mixed method, this study attempted both to develop an urban forest-based health promotion program for children living in group homes using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model and to verify the effects on the childrens perceived health, psychological health, and connectedness to nature. The program, oriented toward the participants psychological and social characteristics and the healing factors and expected effects of the forest, included themes of building rapport, exploring and expressing emotion, increasing awareness of self and others, and improving interpersonal relationships. Eight children (mean age=12.13ยฑ1.25 years) from three group homes in Seoul, South Korea, participated in the study. The intervention was conducted individually over eight weeks for each group home in once-weekly, 120-minute sessions. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze quantitative data, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, and the programs effectiveness was evaluated using both a one group pre-posttest design and post-program individual participant interviews. Results showed that participation program increased the childrens restoration with statistical significance (Z=2.24, p=.025). Six topics derived from qualitative content analysis reflect the participants experiences: feeling the refreshing beauty of a forest, learning the value of and appreciating nature, thinking about health through forest activities, relieving stress and relaxing the mind, enjoying activities in the forest, and developing an understanding and considerate attitude toward others. This study presented preliminary evidence that an urban forest-based health promotion program can improve restoration and help promote psychological and social health in children living in group homes by relieving stress, improving understanding of themselves and others, and promoting connectedness to nature. It suggested that despite the high likelihood of psychological and social health problems, nursing approaches were sought for children living in group homes, who had been relatively less noted in the field of nursing. In addition, the program developed for this study could serve to improve community nursing practice.I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 II. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 1. ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™ 9 2. ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 14 3. ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์น˜์œ  16 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 28 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 30 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 1. ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 31 2. ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 34 V. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 1. ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 47 2. ๋„์‹œ์ˆฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 71 VI. ๋…ผ ์˜ 86 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ 86 2. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 93 VII. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 103 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 105 ๋ถ€๋ก 128 Abstract 164Docto
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