56 research outputs found

    Correlations among Emotional Labor, Servant Leadership, and Communication Competence in Hospital Nurses

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among emotional labor, servant leadership, and communication competence in hospital nurses. Methods: A self-administrated survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 210 nurses, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearsonโ€™s correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The mean emotional labor score was 3.4ยฑ0.60. There was very strong and negative correlation between emotional labor and servant leadership (r=-.896, p<.001). Communication competence was positively correlated with servant leadership (r=.298, p<.001) and moderately and negatively correlated with both frequency of emotional labor (r=-.166, p=.016) and the degree of attention to emotional expression (r=-.143, p=.039). Conclusion: As a strategy to reduce emotional labor of hospital nurses, the findings suggest training programs for nurses to enhance servant leadership and communication competence.ope

    (A)Study on primary school teachers self-reported teaching practice, confidence for teaching ability and practice willingness of health education

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,2007.Maste

    (The) effect of relaxation technique on stress and quality of life of hemodialysis patients

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „๊ณผ ๊ณ„์†์  ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์˜ ์˜์กด, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต๊ฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ด์™„์ˆ ์ด ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์™„์ˆ  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์œก์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฐ„์— ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋น„๋™๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , 1989๋…„ 1์›” 24์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2์›” 17์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์งํ• ์‹œ K์˜๋Œ€ D๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ Y์˜๋Œ€ ๋ณ‘์› ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์‹ ๋ถ€์ „ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐโ…  27๋ช…, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐโ…ก 26๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 19๋ช…์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ2ํšŒ์”ฉ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐโ…  ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ , ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐโ…ก์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ์ฒ˜์น˜๋กœ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐํ‹€ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ›„์˜์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„ ์ธก์ •์€ ๋งฅ๋ฐ•, ํ˜ˆ์••, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ cortisol์น˜, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„ ์ธก์ •์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋„๊ตฌ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋„๊ตฌ, Zung์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Wallston์˜ 3์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ œ์œ„ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ Spielberger์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด X**2 ๊ฒ€์ฆ, paired t ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„, Pearson ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜, Scheffe๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” "๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ €ํ•˜" "๋ถ€๋ชจยทํ˜•์ œยท์ž๋…€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋ชป ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ" "์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์ œํ•œ" "์น˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด" "์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์  ์˜์—ญ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์—ญ, ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2) ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด์™„์ˆ  ์‹œํ–‰์ „ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„ ๋งฅ๋ฐ•์ด ์‹œํ–‰์ „ ๋งฅ๋ฐ•๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฐ•์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์‹œํ–‰์ „ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์ดํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„ ์ด์™„๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์‹œํ–‰์ „ ์ด์™„๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ cortisol์น˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4) ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰์ „์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰์ „์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5) ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ •์„œ์ƒํƒœ, ์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ์‹ ์ฒด์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด์™„์ˆ  ์‹œํ–‰์ „ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰์ „์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ „๊ณผ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6) ์ œ 1 ๊ฐ€์„ค ; "์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค." a. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 1 ; "์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"์—์„œ ๋งฅ๋ฐ•๋งŒ์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ (F=6.52, p.05). ์ด์™„๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=3.40, p.05). b. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 2 ; "์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜, ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (F=3.64, p<.05, F=3.89, p<.05, F=4.16, p<.05). ์ œ 2 ๊ฐ€์„ค ; "์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค" ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (F=11.24, P<.001). ์ œ 3 ๊ฐ€์„ค ; "์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Scheffe ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ 4 ๊ฐ€์„ค ; "์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค" ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Scheffe ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด์™„์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์ฆ์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด์™„์ˆ ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œก์„ฑ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๊ฐ„์— ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ด์™„์ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Hemodialysis patients have chronic stress related to chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis. And their quality of life has been declined because of dependency of hemodialysis machine, heavy economical burden, and social isolation. This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effect of relaxation technique on the stress and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, and showing the difference of the effect between live relaxation technique and taped relaxation technique. Nonequivalent control group pre-post test research was designed. Seventy-two hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis regularly in hemdialysis units of an attached D Medical Center to K University and Y Medical Center have been studied. Of them twenty-seven were experimental group โ… (live relaxation technique group), Twenty-six were experimental group โ…ก(taped relaxation technique group) and nineteen were control group(quiet time group). This study has been conducted for collecting data through physiological measurement and questionnaires from January 24 to Febrary 17, 1989. The instruments used for this study were Psychological Stress Scale of Hemodialysis Patients developed by the researcher, Crosby's Visual Analogue Stress Scale, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and Rho's Quality of Life Scale as dependent variables, and Wallston's Health Locus of Control Scale and Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushenes' Trait Anxiety Inventory as intervening variables. Relaxation Technique, designed to use hemodialysis patients adequately, was developed from a review of references by the researcher. Analysis of data was done by use of X**2 -test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient and Scheffe test. The results of this study are summerized as follows : 1) In Psychological Stress Scale of hemodialysis patients, the itemns with high stress scores were "restriction of social activity in comparison with before illness," "lack of role as parent, sbling and offspring," "limitation of food," "financial burden," "to be treated indefinite period of time". The scores of stress categories showed differences in order of socioeconomic category, developmental category, psychological category and physiological category. 2) There were no significant differences between three groups in all pre-test stress except tole visual analogue stress score. 3) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test pulse was decreased than pre-test pulse significantly, but in control group, pre and post-test pulses were not different. In live relaxation technique group and control group, post-test systolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test systolic blood pressure significantly, but in taped relaxation technique group, pre and past-test systolic blood pressure were different. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pre and post-test diastolic blood pressure were different, on the contrary, in control group, post-test diastolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test diastolic blood pressure significantly. In all three groups, pre and post-test serum cortisol level were not different. 4) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pest-test psychological stress score and visual analog stress score were decreased than pre-test psychological stress score and visual analogue stress score significantly, but in control group pre and post-test psychological stress score and visual analog stress score were not different. In live relaxation technique post-test depression score was degreased than pre-test depression score significantly, but in taped relaxation technique control group, pre and post-test depression scores different. 5) The quality of life score categories showed differences in order of "relationship with neighbors," "family relationship," "emotional state," "self-esteem," physical state and function," "economic life". There was no significant difference between three groups in quality of life score. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test quality of life score was increased than pre-test quality of life score, but in control group, pre and post-test quality of life scores were not different. 6) Hypothesis 1 that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is devided into two sub-hypotheses. a. The first sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of physiological stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is partly supported. Pulse is supported(F=6.52, p.05). Diastolic blood pressure is not supported, on the contrary, the control group showed. decreased diastolic blood pressure than the relaxation group(F=3.40, p.o5). b. The second sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of psychological than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique.restrictio

    Alain Badious Avant-garde

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.2. ๊น€์ง„์—ฝ.Maste

    Design and the Web System of East-Asian Music Database, Innovative and Inclusive (EMDB II): Writing Integrated Music History of East Asia

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    21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ, ์›น, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด 2.0์—์„œ 3.0์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์—์„œ โ€˜๊ฐœ์ธ ๋งž์ถคํ™”โ€™์™€ โ€˜ํ˜‘์—…ํ™”โ€™๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์›น์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŒจํ„ด ๋ฐ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์Œ์•…๋ฌธํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์—…(2014~2017)์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์Œ์•…๋ฌธํ™” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค(East-Asian Music Database: Innovative/Inclusive, EMDB II)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นจ์ฒด ๋œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก, ์ฐฝ์ž‘, ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™, ์Œ์•…ํ•™, ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ •๋ณดํ•™, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์ (dialogic)์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ(integrated) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„ยท์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์Œ์•…์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ โ€˜ํ˜‘์—…โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๊ฐœ์ธ๋งž์ถคโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Œ์•…๋ฌธํ™” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์—์„œ, ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„, ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ฆ‰ 3์ฐจ์—ฐ๋„์˜ ์ตœ์ข…๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์—์„œ 1์ฐจ์—ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐœ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์žฅ(ๅ ด)์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€, ์ฆ‰ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ(polyphony-multiple voice)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”(dialogic)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ(inegrated)๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์Œ์•…๋ฌธํ™”์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€, ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ์•…๋ฌธํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›น ๋””์ž์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. Since November of 2011, our research of East Asian Music Culture, built a music database called EMDB (Ewha Music Database, 2011~2014) and EMDB II (East Asian Music Database, Innovative and Inclusive, 2014~2017). They are unique as it contains a vast array of primary music sources of the 20th century East Asia, namely, China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, in one place for the first time in history. The reason our research team dedicated the past eight years to establish such databases is that there has been no database for modern and contemporary music of East Asia available until this point. There have been a few archives or documentation of primary music sources of the modern era from the region, yet those include only one culture as in the case of collections in Japanโ€™s Diet Library and Kunitachi Library. As there has been no prior or concrete model to follow in the region, we have been dealing with many technical, practical, as well as philosophical issues in developing our databases, especially establishing the second Database (EMDB II) of composers, compositions, and performances of the contemporary music of East Asia. As it is technically innovative as its 3.0 symentic web system allows users to engage in dialogues with each other, and also with the composers for providing more accurate information of such a vast culture specific materials. Some features in EMDB II, such as โ€˜timelineโ€™ and โ€˜eventsโ€™, providing socio-cultural overview of the 20th century East Asia are especially useful for anyone who wants to learn more about the background of or positioning individual composers or compositions beyond just sonic experience. As with its 3.0 symentic technological advancement in EMDB II, this paper will focus on the technical merits, its design and web system and advocate the importance of using integrated and dialogic approaches in building database. Our research team hopes to generate further discourses on the more advanced development of music culture specific contents.N
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