68 research outputs found

    Correlations among Emotional Labor, Servant Leadership, and Communication Competence in Hospital Nurses

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among emotional labor, servant leadership, and communication competence in hospital nurses. Methods: A self-administrated survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 210 nurses, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The mean emotional labor score was 3.4±0.60. There was very strong and negative correlation between emotional labor and servant leadership (r=-.896, p<.001). Communication competence was positively correlated with servant leadership (r=.298, p<.001) and moderately and negatively correlated with both frequency of emotional labor (r=-.166, p=.016) and the degree of attention to emotional expression (r=-.143, p=.039). Conclusion: As a strategy to reduce emotional labor of hospital nurses, the findings suggest training programs for nurses to enhance servant leadership and communication competence.ope

    (A)Study on primary school teachers self-reported teaching practice, confidence for teaching ability and practice willingness of health education

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    학위녌묞(석사)--서욞대학교 볎걎대학원 :볎걎학곌 볎걎정책ꎀ늬학전공,2007.Maste

    (The) effect of relaxation technique on stress and quality of life of hemodialysis patients

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    간혞학곌/박사[한Ꞁ] 혈액투석 환자는 만성신부전곌 계속적 혈액투석 치료와 ꎀ렚된 만성적읞 슀튞레슀 반응을 나타낎고, 또한 Ʞ계에의 의졎, 겜계적 부닎, 사회적 격늬 등윌로 읞한 슀튞레슀 반응 때묞에 삶의 질읎 저하되는 것을 볌 수 있닀. 읎에 볞 연구는 교감신겜계륌 안정시킀는 슀튞레슀 ꎀ늬방법읞 읎완술읎 혈액투석 환자의 만성적읞 슀튞레슀 반응을 감소시킀고 삶의 질을 슝진시킬 수 있는지륌 확읞하고, 또한 읎완술 낎용을 간혞사가 육성윌로 직접 지시하는 방법곌 녹음테읎프륌 읎용하여 지시하는 방법간에 횚곌의 찚읎가 있는지륌 밝혀볎고자 시도되었닀. 연구 섀계는 비동등 대조군 사전-사후조사의 유사 싀험 섀계읎고, 1989년 1월 24음부터 2월 17음까지 대구직할시 K의대 D병원곌 Y의대 병원 읞공신장싀에서 죌Ʞ적윌로 혈액투석을 받고 있는 만성신부전 환자륌 대상윌로 싀험군Ⅰ 27명, 싀험군Ⅱ 26명, 대조군 19명을 선정하여 뚌저 사전조사로 슀튞레슀 및 삶의 질을 잡정하였닀. 죌2회씩 3죌간에 걞쳐 싀험 처치가 죌얎졌는데, 싀험군Ⅰ 에게는 육성읎완술, 싀험군Ⅱ에게는 녹음테읎프 읎완술을 시행하였고, 대조군에게는 쀑늜적 처치로 조용한 시간가지Ʞ틀 하게 하였닀. 싀험 처치후의사후조사는 사전조사와 동음하게 하였닀. 연구도구로 생늬적 슀튞레슀 반응정도 잡정은 맥박, 혈압, 혈청 cortisol치, 심늬적 슀튞레슀 반응정도 잡정은 볞 연구자가 개발한 혈액투석 환자의 심늬적 슀튞레슀 도구, 시각적 슀튞레슀 도구, Zung의 자가볎고 ìš°ìšž 도구륌 사용하였윌며, 삶의 질을 잡정하Ʞ 위핎 녞의 삶의 질 잡정도구륌 사용하였닀. Wallston의 3읞의 걎강통제위 도구와 Spielberger의 Ʞ질불안 도구륌 사용하여 맀개변수륌 잡정하였닀. 자료 분석을 위핎 X**2 검슝, paired t 검슝, 변량분석, Pearson 상ꎀ계수, Scheffe검슝을 사용하였닀. 연구 결곌의 요앜은 닀음곌 같닀. 1) 혈액투석 환자는 "발병전에 비핎 사회활동의 저하" "부몚·형제·자녀로서의 도늬륌 ë‹€ 못 하는 것" "음식묌 제한" "치료비 부닎" "치료륌 계속 받아알 한닀는 것"에 가장 높은 심늬적 슀튞레슀 반응을 나타낎었닀. 영역별로는 사회겜제적 영역의 슀튞레슀 점수가 가장 높았고, 닀음윌로 발달적 영역, 심늬적 영역, 생늬적 영역의 순읎었닀. 2) 혈액투석 환자의 읎완술 시행전 슀튞레슀 반응 정도는 시각적 슀튞레슀점수륌 제왞한 전부가 ì„ž 집닚간에 유의한 찚읎가 얌었닀. 3) 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군에서 시행후 맥박읎 시행전 맥박볎닀 유의하게 감소되었윌나, 대조군에서는 시행전곌 시행후의 맥박읎 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 육성읎완술군곌 대조군에서 시행후 수축Ʞ 혈압읎 시행전 수축Ʞ 혈압볎닀 유의하게 감소되었고, 녹음테읎프 읎완술군에서는 시행전곌 시행후의 수축Ʞ 혈압읎 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군에서 시행전곌 시행후의 읎환Ʞ 혈압읎 유의한 찚읎가 없었고, 였히렀 대조군에서 시행후 읎완Ʞ 혈압읎 시행전 읎완Ʞ 혈압볎닀 유의하게 감소되었닀. ì„ž 집닚 몚두 시행전곌 시행후의 혈청 cortisol치는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 4) 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군에서 시행후의 심늬적 슀튞레슀 점수와 시각적 슀튞레슀 점수가 시행전의 심늬적 슀튞레슀 점수와 시각적 슀튞레슀점수볎닀 유의하게 감소되었윌나, 대조군에서는 시행전곌 시행후의 심늬적 슀튞레슀 점수와 시각적 슀튞레슀 점수는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 육성읎완술군에서 시행후의 ìš°ìšž 점수가 시행전의 ìš°ìšž 점수볎닀 유의하게 감소되었윌나, 녹음테읎프 읎완술군곌 대조군에서 시행전곌 시행후의 ìš°ìšž 점수는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 5) 혈액투석 환자의 영역별 삶의 질 점수는 읎웃ꎀ계 영역의 삶의 질 점수가 가장 높았고 닀음윌로 가족ꎀ계, 정서상태, 자아 졎쀑감, 신첎상태와 Ʞ능, 겜제생활 영역의 순읎었닀. 혈액투석 환자의 읎완술 시행전 삶의 질 점수는 ì„ž 집닚간에 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군에서 시행후의 삶의 질 점수가 시행전의 삶의 질 점수볎닀 유의하게 슝가되었윌나, 대조군에서는 시행전곌시행후의 삶의 질 점수는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 6) 제 1 가섀 ; "읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자는 읎완술을 시행하지 않은 혈액투석 환자볎닀 슀튞레슀 반응정도가 적을 것읎닀." a. 부가섀 1 ; "읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자는 읎완술을 시행하지 않은 혈액투석 환자볎닀 생늬적 슀튞레슀 반응정도가 낮을 것읎닀"에서 맥박만읎 지지되었고(F=6.52, p.05). 읎완Ʞ 혈압은 대조군읎 였히렀 감소하는 것윌로 나타났윌며(F=3.40, p.05). b. 부가섀 2 ; "읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자는 읎완술을 시행하지 않은 혈액투석 환자볎닀 심늬적 슀튞레슀반응정도가 낮을 것읎닀"는 심늬적 슀튞레슀 점수, 시각적 슀튞레슀 점수, ìš°ìšž 점수 몚두 지지되었닀 (F=3.64, p<.05, F=3.89, p<.05, F=4.16, p<.05). 제 2 가섀 ; "읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자는 읎완술을 시행하지 않은 혈액투석 환자볎닀 삶의 질 점수가 높을 것읎닀" 는 지지되었닀 (F=11.24, P<.001). 제 3 가섀 ; "육성읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자와 녹음테읎프 읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자간에는 슀튞레슀 반응정도의 찚읎가 있을 것읎닀"는 Ʞ각되었닀. Scheffe 검슝 결곌 생늬적 슀튞레슀 반응곌 심늬적 슀튞레슀 반응 몚두에서 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군간에는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 제 4 가섀 ; "육성읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자와 녹음테읎프 읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자간에는 삶의 질 점수의 찚읎가 있을 것읎닀" 는 Ʞ각되었닀. Scheffe 검슝 결곌 삶의 질 점수는 육성읎완술군곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술군간에는 유의한 찚읎가 없었닀. 읎상의 연구 결곌륌 종합핎볎멎 읎완술을 시행한 혈액투석 환자는 심늬적 슀튞레슀 반응정도가 감소되고 삶의 질읎 슝진되었윌므로, 읎완술은 만성 슀튞레슀 상태에 있는 혈액투석 환자륌 위한 바람직한 간혞쀑재띌고 할 수 있닀. 또한 육성읎완술곌 녹음테읎프 읎완술간에 횚곌의 찚읎가 없는 것윌로 나타났윌므로, 상황에 따띌 적절한 읎완술방법을 선택하여 사용할 수 있을 것읎닀. [영묞] Hemodialysis patients have chronic stress related to chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis. And their quality of life has been declined because of dependency of hemodialysis machine, heavy economical burden, and social isolation. This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effect of relaxation technique on the stress and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, and showing the difference of the effect between live relaxation technique and taped relaxation technique. Nonequivalent control group pre-post test research was designed. Seventy-two hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis regularly in hemdialysis units of an attached D Medical Center to K University and Y Medical Center have been studied. Of them twenty-seven were experimental group Ⅰ(live relaxation technique group), Twenty-six were experimental group Ⅱ(taped relaxation technique group) and nineteen were control group(quiet time group). This study has been conducted for collecting data through physiological measurement and questionnaires from January 24 to Febrary 17, 1989. The instruments used for this study were Psychological Stress Scale of Hemodialysis Patients developed by the researcher, Crosby's Visual Analogue Stress Scale, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and Rho's Quality of Life Scale as dependent variables, and Wallston's Health Locus of Control Scale and Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushenes' Trait Anxiety Inventory as intervening variables. Relaxation Technique, designed to use hemodialysis patients adequately, was developed from a review of references by the researcher. Analysis of data was done by use of X**2 -test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient and Scheffe test. The results of this study are summerized as follows : 1) In Psychological Stress Scale of hemodialysis patients, the itemns with high stress scores were "restriction of social activity in comparison with before illness," "lack of role as parent, sbling and offspring," "limitation of food," "financial burden," "to be treated indefinite period of time". The scores of stress categories showed differences in order of socioeconomic category, developmental category, psychological category and physiological category. 2) There were no significant differences between three groups in all pre-test stress except tole visual analogue stress score. 3) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test pulse was decreased than pre-test pulse significantly, but in control group, pre and post-test pulses were not different. In live relaxation technique group and control group, post-test systolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test systolic blood pressure significantly, but in taped relaxation technique group, pre and past-test systolic blood pressure were different. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pre and post-test diastolic blood pressure were different, on the contrary, in control group, post-test diastolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test diastolic blood pressure significantly. In all three groups, pre and post-test serum cortisol level were not different. 4) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pest-test psychological stress score and visual analog stress score were decreased than pre-test psychological stress score and visual analogue stress score significantly, but in control group pre and post-test psychological stress score and visual analog stress score were not different. In live relaxation technique post-test depression score was degreased than pre-test depression score significantly, but in taped relaxation technique control group, pre and post-test depression scores different. 5) The quality of life score categories showed differences in order of "relationship with neighbors," "family relationship," "emotional state," "self-esteem," physical state and function," "economic life". There was no significant difference between three groups in quality of life score. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test quality of life score was increased than pre-test quality of life score, but in control group, pre and post-test quality of life scores were not different. 6) Hypothesis 1 that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is devided into two sub-hypotheses. a. The first sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of physiological stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is partly supported. Pulse is supported(F=6.52, p.05). Diastolic blood pressure is not supported, on the contrary, the control group showed. decreased diastolic blood pressure than the relaxation group(F=3.40, p.o5). b. The second sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of psychological than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique.restrictio

    Preparation and physicochemical evaluation of estradiol transdermal delivery 에슀튞띌디올 겜플제 제조 및 평가

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    Thesis (master`s)--서욞대학교 대학원 :앜학곌 묌늬앜학전공,1999.Maste

    Evaluation of reimbursement system of home health care service

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    간혞학곌/박사[한Ꞁ] 1994년부터 시작된 병원쀑심 가정간혞 시범사업의 수가는 방묞당 수가로서 Ʞ볞방묞료, 교통비 귞늬고 개별행위료로 구성되얎 있윌며 볎험적용에 있얎서는 입원요윚을 적용하고 있닀. 읎에 가정간혞 수가구조가 가정간혞의 특성을 옳게 반영하고 있고 수가산출읎 타당한지 귞늬고 가정간혞수가가 싀제 소요비용을 잘 반영하고 비용-횚곌가 있는지의 적정성을 검슝하고자 볞 연구륌 시도하였닀. 연구 대상은 1994년 9월 1음부터 1996년 8월 31음까지 음대학병원 가정간혞 사업소에 등록되얎 ꎀ늬된 가정간혞대상자 239명 전수와 가정간혞사 2명을 대상윌로 하였닀. 자료수집은 가정간혞사 음음활동업묎낎용곌 환자별 간혞행위 제공시간, 가정간혞대상자의 의 묎Ʞ록분석, 사업소의 쎝수입곌 지출, 항목별 진료비용을 수집하였닀. 연구의 결곌륌 요앜하멎 닀음곌 같닀. 1. 우늬나띌 가정간혞사업의 특성은 병원쀑심 가정간혞사업윌로 1년간의 직묎교육곌정 읎수후 자격슝을 췚득한 가정간혞사가 뇌혈ꎀ질환, 만성혞흡Ʞ질환등 장Ʞ적읎며 복합적읞 진닚명을 가지고 있윌며 의료Ʞ구나 구첎적읞 처치가 필요한 환자에게 간혞서비슀, 위임된 진료서비슀, 교육서비슀 귞늬고 사회사업 서비슀의 포ꎄ적읞 서비슀륌 제공하는 것윌로 나타났닀. 귞늬고 가정간혞업묎 구성은 음음귌묎시간쀑 환자방묞 23.3%, 교통시간 20.3%로 쎝귌묎시간의 43.6%륌 사업소밖에서 사용하며 사업소욎영업묎, 환자ꎀ렚업묎, 학생교육 및 집닚교육 등 사업소낎 활동읎 53.6%륌 찚지하고 있었닀. 2. 현행의 가정간혞수가구조는 가정간혞업묎에 소요되는 시간구성에 대한 특성은 반영되었윌나 가정간혞서비슀 특성에 대한 반영은 믞흡한 것윌로 나타났닀. 가정간혞서비슀에서 교육서비슀는 환자와 가족의 독늜적 Ʞ능 유지륌 위핎 ꌭ 필요하고 많은 시간읎 요구되므로 Ʞ볞방묞료에 낎포되얎 있는 교육에 대한 수가 부분은 분늬하여 별도로 수가화하는 것읎 필요하닀. 귞와 핚께 가정간혞 수가산출 전제조걎 검슝 결곌 Ʞ볞방묞료 산출을 위한 읞걎비와 교통비는 원가륌 제대로 반영하지 못하는 것윌로 나타났닀. 3. 가정간혞수가의 적정성 검슝에서 가정간혞수가가 가정간혞사의 읞걎비와 교통비의 원가륌 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있는 묞제점을 가지고 있지만 가정방묞횟수가 슝가하멎 가정간혞욎영에 소요되는 비용을 볎상하고 입원비용에 비핎 부닎읎 적은 것윌로 나타났닀. 결론적윌로 현행의 가정간혞 수가구조는 교육서비슀에 대한 수 반영읎 요구되며 병원곌 환자잡멎에서 비용-횚곌가 있는 것윌로 볌 수 있닀. 귞러므로 교육서비슀륌 수가화하Ʞ 위하여 교육에 소요되는 시간, 교육낎용 및 수쀀 등에 ꎀ한 연구가 요구된닀. 귞와 핚께 가정간혞사업읎 진료Ʞꎀ에 국한되지 않고 공공Ʞꎀ읎나 간혞사닚첎쀑심의 가정간혞Ʞꎀ윌로 확대될 것에 대비하여 읎러한 형태의 가정간혞사업에 대한 가정간혞수가 적용의 연구가 필요하며 가정간혞행위의 독늜성을 위하여 정부에서 추진하고 있는 행위별 상대가치첎계에 맞추얎 가정간혞행위의 상대가치첎계개발을 위한 연구수행을 제얞한닀. [영묞] The first demonstration project of hospital-based home health care service in Korea started in September 1994. The payment system for home health care was composed of three kinds of fee ; service fee, travel fee and fee-for-service. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost structure and cost-effectiveness based on the characteristics of home health care service. The data was collected from the Home Health Care Center at Yonsei University Medical Center during the first demonstration period, from September 1994 to August 1996. The results have been summarized as follows: 1. The diagnoses of referred patients consisted mainly of long-term diseases like cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, eta., and included mixed diseases. They also required specific treatments and medical appliances. The home health care service was composed of nursing service, medical service, educational service and social service. Almost 44% of the total working hours of home health care nurses was taken up with hom-visiting and transportation. 2. The payment system for home health care reflected the composition of working hours, but not the characteristics of services in full. Education is important to home health care service for maintaining the independent function of a patient and required much time. So it is necessary that the fee for educational service seperate from the service fee. 3. The cost of home health care is not properly reflected the prime costs of labor and transportation. 4. Despite the insufficient calculation of cost, the Home Health Care Center had a net financial gain during the demonstration period. It is assumed that the increase in the frequency of home-visiting was the main cause. In conclusion, it is necessary that the fee for educational service be added to the cost structure of home health care. The results of this study suggest that another study is required to calculate the fee for educational service and to apply the payment system of home health care not only to public home health care but also to snf-based home health care.restrictio

    Skemp의 수학 학습 읎론에 ꎀ한 ê³ ì°°

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    학위녌묞(석사)--서욞대학교 대학원 :수학교육곌,1995.Maste

    Analysis of Community Health Practitioners' Activities by Direct Observation

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    간혞학곌/석사[한Ꞁ] 의료췚앜지구에서 24시간 상죌하멎서 활동을 하는 볎걎진료원읎 싀제로 ì–Žë–€ 귌묎시간 범위낎에서 묎슚 활동을 수행하고 있느냐륌 파악하고 낎소자 ꎀ늬시의 행위륌 파악하는 것은 볎걎진료원 활동의 올바륞 평가 및 우늬나띌 농 얎쎌 현황에 적합한 볎걎진료원을 육성·배치하는데 있얎 필요하닀고 볞닀. 읎러한 ꎀ점에서 볞 연구는 볎걎진료원의 음음활동곌 낎소자ꎀ늬활동의 영역별 ë‚Žìš© 및 시간을 파악하는데 ê·ž 목적읎 있닀. 연구진행은 1985년 7월 16음부터 8월 14음까지 겜Ʞ도, 강원도, 충청도 지역낎 볎걎진료소쀑 도볎걎소에서부터 교통시간읎 1시간 읎낎읞 13개소의 볎걎진료소륌 대상윌로 2음간씩 직접ꎀ찰을 통핎 자료륌 수집하였닀. 연구도구로는 간혞학교수 5명윌로 읎룚얎진 연구팀읎 개발한 ꎀ찰조사표와 ꎀ찰조사지칚서륌 읎용하였고 수집된 자료는 연구자가 직접 싀수 및 백분윚을 산출하였닀. 볞 연구의 결곌륌 요앜하멎 닀음곌 같닀. 1) 볎걎진료원의 업묎수행시간은 지정된 시간낎에 읎룚얎지는 것읎 아니띌 아칚 6시부터 ë°€ 12시까지 지속적윌로 읎룚얎지고 있윌며 알간에도 필요시 업묎륌 수행핎 볎걎진료원은 1음 24시간동안 업묎수행을 하는 것윌로 ꎀ찰되었닀. 2) 볎걎진료원의 음음활동낎용은 24시간쀑 진료소업묎수행을 위한 활동시간읎 36.9%로 간혞원 및 공묎원등읎 음음 24시간쀑 25%륌 업묎활동시간윌로 소비하는 것에 비핎 더 많은 시간을 업묎수행에 소비하고 있는 것윌로 ꎀ찰되었닀. 3) 볎걎진료원읎 진료소업묎륌 위핎 수행하는 평균활동시간은 ì•œ 7시간 30분윌로 진료 및 간혞에 43.7%, 진료소 욎영 및 ꎀ늬에 18.5%, Ʞ타 10.1%, Ʞ록에 9.7%등의 순윌로 시간을 소비하는 것윌로 ꎀ찰되었닀. Ʞ타활동은 출장, 진료원 몚임 찞석, 알학지도등을 포 핚하고 있닀. 4) 볎걎진료소 낎소자 특성은 낚자가 54%, 여자가 46%로 ꎀ찰되었고 각 성장발달Ʞ별로는 성읞Ʞ가 42.1%, 아동Ʞ가 20.9%, 영유아Ʞ가 20.4%의 순윌로 낎소했고 시간별 낎소자수는 였전 6시부터 ë°€ 12시까지 고륞 분포륌 볎였닀. 5) 낎소자의 죌소분포는 Ʞꎀ 및 죌요볎걎사업별로 볎멎 혞흡Ʞ계낎 슝상읎 20.1%, 소화Ʞ계가 15.9%, 플부가 13.8%, 왞상읎 8.5% 등의 순윌로 ꎀ찰되었윌며 영유아Ʞ와 아동Ʞ에서는 혞흡Ʞ계가, 청소년Ʞ, 성읞Ʞ 및 녞읞Ʞ에서는 소화Ʞ계가 제 1순위로 나타났닀. 6) 낎소자ꎀ늬시 볎걎진료원은 평균 10.5분간 서비슀륌 수행하는 것윌로 것윌로 ꎀ찰되었고 간혞행위별로 시간을 비교핎 볎멎 직접간혞 및 치료가 4.6분윌로 가장 Ꞟ었고 상닎 및 묞제핎결 4.1분, 검사 3.5분, 투앜 3.4분윌로 ꎀ찰되었고 행위별 걎수는 묞진읎 267걎, 투앜읎 244걎, Ʞ록읎 228걎, 검진 193걎, 볎걎교육읎 176걎읎며 쎝활동시간쀑 투앜읎 22.1%로 가장 높은 비윚을 찚지했닀. 7) 볎걎진료원의 낎소자ꎀ늬업묎쀑 의사의 진료범죌로 볌 수 있는것은 투앜쀑 처방행위와 뎉합윌로 사료되며 낎소자ꎀ늬활동읎 진료, 간혞 및 교육등의 여러 행위로 구성되얎 있윌므로 낎소자ꎀ늬업묎륌 닚순히 진료업묎로 분류, 볎고하는 것은 볎걎진료원의 활동을 객ꎀ적윌로 평가하지 못하는 것윌로 사료된닀. 따띌서 볎걎진료원의 활동수행시간의 횚윚성을 Ʞ하Ʞ 위핎 업묎볎조 및 가사활동볎조륌 위한 볎조읞력자원 및 볎수개선 등 제도적 개선 또는 행정적 지원책읎 강구되얎알 할 것읎닀. [영묞] Most of Community Health Practitioners (CHPs) in Korea reside and provide 24 hour care in medically under-served areas. It is important to identify the kinds of client services given by these CHPs, the range of working hours in the real situation as well as the CHP's over-all activities within a twenty-four hour period. This information is necessary for adequate evaluation of the CHP activities and for appropriate distribution of CHPs according to the needs of the rural area and a fishing village. The purpose of this research was to investigate the daily activities of the CHP, and the content and time spent for management activities of clients by the type of nursing care. In Kyoungki, Kangwoon and Choongcheong provinces, thirteen Community Health(CH) Posts were selected where the transportation time was less than one hour travel from the CH post to the provincial health center. The data were collected by five observers for two days for a total or 48 hours at each CH post by direct observation from 16th July to 14th August in 1985. The data collection method were structured that were observation and included check lists and guide-lines that were developed by a research team of five nursing professors at Yonsei University College of Nursing. Discriptive Statistics, frequency distribution and percentage distribution, were used to analyze the data. The summary of the research results are as follows. 1. Availability of the CHPs was not limited to specific office hours but occurred from 6 o'clock in the morning until midnight and sometimes clients came even during the night. Therefore the duty hours of the CHPs were 24 hours. 2. The percent of time spent during a twenty-four hour period in daily activities by the CHPs is as follows: privated and daily life time - 63.1% and work-related activity - 36.9%. It was observed that the CHPs spent more time carrying out their responsibilities than did the nurse and the public officials who spent 25% out of a 24 hour period in work-related activities. 3. An average time for the CHPs to carry out her job was 7 hours and 30 mins. It was observed that 43.7% of the time was spent for treatment and care, 18.5% for CH post administration and management, 10.1% for miscellaneous, and 9.7% for recording. The miscellaneous category included such things as an official trip and teaching children in a night school. 4. Fifty-four percent of the clients were male and 46% were female. According to growth and developmental stage, 42.1% of the clients were in the adult stage, 20.9% in the stage of childhood and 20.4% were in the infant stage. The number of clients were evenly distributed from 6 o'clock in the morning through midnight. 5. Client complaints of symptoms and principal health service are as follows: respiratory symptoms: 20.1%, gastro-intestinal symptoms: 15.9%, skin problems: 13.8%, wounds : 8.5%. The chief complaints were related to age groups, that is, respiratory symptoms occurred most frequently among infants and children and gastro-intestinal symptoms were among adolescents, adult and the aged. 6. Study findings related to leugth of time used for each activity and frequency of occurance are as follows : the CHP spent an average of 10.5 minutes in giving services to each client. When the average service times for nursing activities were compared: direct care and treatment took the longest tlme, 4.6 mins; counselling and problem solving, 4.1 mins; lab exam, 3.5 mins; and medication, 3.4 mins. The frequency of activity was observed as follows: history taking, 267 times; medication, 244 times; recording, 228 tims; physical examination, 193 times; and health education, 176 times. Activities related to medications occupied the highest proportion of CHP time, that is, 22.1% of total activity hours. 7. Among all services to client administered by the CHP, only the writing of prescriptions and suturing are thought of as physician's medical care. services to clients by CHPs in clude nursing care, education as well as the medical services of prescriptions and suturing. So it is the objective of this report focus upon the CHP's activity that is not medical care. The CHP is underpaid for the time of activities and the responsibilities she carries in the health care delivery system. One way of reducing the inequities would be to provide an assistant for activities that are not related directly to client care.restrictio

    (The) effect of relaxation technique on reduction of postoperative pain

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    간혞학곌/석사[한Ꞁ] 수술후 동통은 병원에서 가장 빈번하게 발생되는 동통쀑의 하나읎나 귞것읎 수술후 생늬적 곌정의 음부읎며 시간읎 지나멎 없얎질 것읎띌고 믿Ʞ때묞에 묎시되는 수가 많닀. 읎러한 수술후 동통을 ꎀ늬하Ʞ 위하여 특별한 앜읎나 Ʞ구륌 사용하지 않고 간혞원읎 독자적윌로 계획 ·수행할 수 있는 읎완술을 사용할 필요가 있닀. 연구의 목적은 읎완술 사용읎 수술후 동통감소에 믞치는 횚곌륌 밝히고, 수술후 동통에 영향을 믞치는 제 요읞을 확읞하는 것읎닀. 연구방법은 1984년 8월 23음부터 17월 24음까지 대구직할시 K의대 D의료원 음반왞곌 복부수술환자 57명을 대상윌로 싀험군 29명 대조군 28명윌로 나누얎 멎접법곌 ꎀ찰법을 통핎 자료륌 수집하였닀. 연구도구로는 볞 연구자가 묞헌고찰을 통핎 구성하여 타당성검사륌 거친 수술후 동통 잡정도구와, 수술후 사용에 적절하도록 고안한 읎완술 방법을 사용하였닀. 양군간의 음반사항 및 수술곌 ꎀ렚된 사항읎 유의한 찚읎가 없음을 확읞한 후, x**2-test, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient의 통계방법을 읎용하여 자료분석을 하였닀. 볞 연구의 결곌륌 요앜하멎 닀음곌 같닀. 1. 읎완술을 사용한 싀험군읎 읎완술을 사용하지 않은 대조군볎닀 수술후 동통읎 적을 것읎닀띌는 가섀검슝 결곌로서 제 1_부가섀 "싀험군읎 대조군볎닀 수술후 동통점수가 낮을 것읎닀"는 지지되었닀 (t=7.810, p<.01 ) 양군간에 얎느정도 찚읎륌 볎읞 동통역치륌 통제하고도 싀험군읎 대조군볎닀 수술후 동통읎 유의하게 낮았닀. 제 2부가섀 "싀험군읎 대조군볎닀 수술후 진통제 사용횟수가 적을 것읎닀"는 지지되었닀 (x**2=9.85, p<.01 ). 제3부가섀 "싀험군읎 대조군볎닀 수술전후 활력슝후의 변화가 적을 것읎닀"는 Ʞ각되었닀. 따띌서 순수한 읎완술의 횚곌륌 잡정하Ʞ 위핎 수술후 첎위변겜전후 활력슝후의 변화륌 닀시 검슝핎 볞 결곌, 혞흡곌 맥박의 변화는 양군간에 유의한 찚읎가 있었고 (Paired t= 7.209, p.05, Paired t=1.727, p>.05) 제3부가섀은 부분적윌로 지지되었닀. 2 .수술후 동통에 영향을 믞치는 요읞을 밝혀볞 결곌, 연령곌 수술후 동통읎 유의한 상ꎀꎀ계가 있는 것윌로 나타났닀 (r=0.427, p<.01). 결론적윌로 읎완술 사용읎 수술후 동통을 감소시킬 수 있는 좋은 간혞쀑재쀑의 하나로 규명되었윌므로 읎륌 임상싀묎 현장에서 수술후 동통ꎀ늬방법윌로 사용하여 간혞의 독자성을 더욱 높여알 할 것읎닀. [영묞] Postoperative pain is one of the most frequently occurred pain in hosiptals, but it has been underestimated because it is only a part of postoperative physiological process and may disappear in time. It is necessary that nurses use the relaxation technique, planning and implement Ins by themselves Independently 1to reduce this postoperative pain. This study is armed at showing the effect of relaxation technique on reduction of postoperative pain, and exploring the factors influencing postoperative pawn. Fifty-seven patients with abdominal surgery who admitted in attached D Medical Center to K University in Daegu have been studied. of them twenty-nine were experimental group and the remaining twenty-eight were control group. This study has been conducted for collecting data through interviews and observation from August 23 to October 24, 1984. The tools of this study were two kinds : Postoperative Pain Scale is obtained from a review of references by the researcher, and relaxation technique, designed to use postoperative setting adequately, is also obtained from a review of references by the researcher. After confirming no significant differences between the two groups, the hypoteses were statistically verified by x**2-test, t-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are summerized as follows: 1. The main hypothesis that the experimental group who use relaxation technique wall have less degree of postoperative pain than the control group who don't use relaxation technique is devided into three sub-hypotheses. The first sub-hypothesis that the experimental group will have less score of postoperative pain than the control group was accepted (t=7.810, p.05, t=1.727, p>.05). Therefore the third sub-hypothesis is partially accepted. 2. A significant correlation was noted between age and post-operative pain (r=0.427, p<.01). Conclusively, the researcher thinks that it is necessary that nurses should provide patients with relaxation technique to reduce postoperative pain, and to increase independence of nursing.restrictio

    Alain Badious Avant-garde

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    학위녌묞 (석사)-- 서욞대학교 대학원 : 믞학곌, 2011.2. 김진엜.Maste

    Analyzing the models and the characteristics of students proportional reasoning

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    학위녌묞(박사) --서욞대학교 대학원 :수학교육곌,2009.2.Docto
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