68 research outputs found
Correlations among Emotional Labor, Servant Leadership, and Communication Competence in Hospital Nurses
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among emotional labor, servant leadership, and communication competence in hospital nurses. Methods: A self-administrated survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 210 nurses, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearsonâs correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The mean emotional labor score was 3.4±0.60. There was very strong and negative correlation between emotional labor and servant leadership (r=-.896, p<.001). Communication competence was positively correlated with servant leadership (r=.298, p<.001) and moderately and negatively correlated with both frequency of emotional labor (r=-.166, p=.016) and the degree of attention to emotional expression (r=-.143, p=.039). Conclusion: As a strategy to reduce emotional labor of hospital nurses, the findings suggest training programs for nurses to enhance servant leadership and communication competence.ope
(A)Study on primary school teachers self-reported teaching practice, confidence for teaching ability and practice willingness of health education
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ë³Žê±Žëíì :볎걎í곌 볎걎ì ì±
êŽëŠ¬íì ê³µ,2007.Maste
(The) effect of relaxation technique on stress and quality of life of hemodialysis patients
ê°íží곌/ë°ì¬[íêž]
íì¡í¬ì íìë ë§ì±ì ë¶ì 곌 ê³ìì íì¡í¬ì ì¹ë£ì êŽë šë ë§ì±ì ìž ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëíëŽê³ , ëí êž°ê³ìì ìì¡Ž, 겜ê³ì ë¶ëŽ, ì¬íì 격늬 ë±ìŒë¡ ìží ì€ížë ì€ ë°ì ë묞ì ì¶ì ì§ìŽ ì íëë ê²ì 볌 ì ìë€.
ìŽì 볞 ì°êµ¬ë êµê°ì 겜ê³ë¥Œ ìì ìí€ë ì€ížë ì€ êŽëŠ¬ë°©ë²ìž ìŽìì ìŽ íì¡í¬ì íìì ë§ì±ì ìž ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ê°ììí€ê³ ì¶ì ì§ì ìŠì§ìí¬ ì ìëì§ë¥Œ íìžíê³ , ëí ìŽìì ëŽì©ì ê°ížì¬ê° ì¡ì±ìŒë¡ ì§ì ì§ìíë ë°©ë²ê³Œ ë
¹ìí
ìŽí륌 ìŽì©íì¬ ì§ìíë ë°©ë²ê°ì íšê³Œì ì°šìŽê° ìëì§ë¥Œ ë°íë³Žê³ ì ìëëìë€.
ì°êµ¬ ì€ê³ë ë¹ëë± ëì¡°êµ° ì¬ì -ì¬íì¡°ì¬ì ì ì¬ ì€í ì€ê³ìŽê³ , 1989ë
1ì 24ìŒë¶í° 2ì 17ìŒê¹ì§ ë구ì§í ì Kìë Dë³ì곌 Yìë ë³ì ìžê³µì ì¥ì€ìì 죌Ʞì ìŒë¡ íì¡í¬ìì ë°ê³ ìë ë§ì±ì ë¶ì íì륌 ëììŒë¡ ì€íêµ°â
27ëª
, ì€íêµ°â
¡ 26ëª
, ëì¡°êµ° 19ëª
ì ì ì íì¬ ëšŒì ì¬ì ì¡°ì¬ë¡ ì€ížë ì€ ë° ì¶ì ì§ì ìž¡ì íìë€. 죌2íì© 3죌ê°ì ê±žì³ ì€í ì²ì¹ê° 죌ìŽì¡ëë°, ì€íêµ°â
ìê²ë ì¡ì±ìŽìì , ì€íêµ°â
¡ìê²ë ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì ì ìííìê³ , ëì¡°êµ°ìê²ë ì€ëŠœì ì²ì¹ë¡ ì¡°ì©í ìê°ê°ì§êž°í íê² íìë€. ì€í
ì²ì¹íìì¬íì¡°ì¬ë ì¬ì ì¡°ì¬ì ëìŒíê² íìë€.
ì°êµ¬ëêµ¬ë¡ ì늬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ë ìž¡ì ì 맥ë°, íì, íì² cortisolì¹, ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ë ìž¡ì ì 볞 ì°êµ¬ìê° ê°ë°í íì¡í¬ì íìì ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë구, ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ ë구, Zungì ìê°ë³Žê³ ì°ìž ë구륌 ì¬ì©íììŒë©°, ì¶ì ì§ì ìž¡ì íêž° ìíŽ ë
žì ì¶ì ì§ ìž¡ì ë구륌 ì¬ì©íìë€. Wallstonì 3ìžì 걎ê°íµì ì ë구ì Spielbergerì êž°ì§ë¶ì ë구륌 ì¬ì©íì¬ ë§€ê°ë³ì륌 ìž¡ì íìë€.
ìë£ ë¶ìì ìíŽ X**2 ê²ìŠ, paired t ê²ìŠ, ë³ëë¶ì, Pearson ìêŽê³ì, Scheffeê²ìŠì ì¬ì©íìë€.
ì°êµ¬ 결곌ì ììœì ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.
1) íì¡í¬ì íìë "ë°ë³ì ì ë¹íŽ ì¬ííëì ì í" "ë¶ëªšÂ·íì ·ìë
ë¡ìì ë늬륌 ë€ ëª» íë ê²" "ìì묌 ì í" "ì¹ë£ë¹ ë¶ëŽ" "ì¹ë£ë¥Œ ê³ì ë°ììŒ íë€ë ê²"ì ê°ì¥ ëì ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëíëŽìë€. ììë³ë¡ë ì¬í겜ì ì ììì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìê° ê°ì¥ ëìê³ , ë€ììŒë¡ ë°ë¬ì ìì, ì¬ëŠ¬ì ìì, ì늬ì ììì ììŽìë€.
2) íì¡í¬ì íìì ìŽìì ìíì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ì ì ëë ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ì ì륌 ì ìží ì ë¶ê° ìž ì§ëšê°ì ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ìŒìë€.
3) ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ìì ìíí 맥ë°ìŽ ìíì 맥ë°ë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ê°ìëììŒë, ëì¡°êµ°ììë ìíì 곌 ìííì 맥ë°ìŽ ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€. ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ëì¡°êµ°ìì ìíí ìì¶êž° íììŽ ìíì ìì¶êž° íìë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ê°ìëìê³ , ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ììë ìíì 곌 ìííì ìì¶êž° íììŽ ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€. ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ìì ìíì 곌 ìííì ìŽíêž° íììŽ ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììê³ , ì€íë € ëì¡°êµ°ìì ìíí ìŽìêž° íììŽ ìíì ìŽìêž° íìë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ê°ìëìë€. ìž ì§ëš 몚ë ìíì 곌 ìííì íì² cortisolì¹ë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€.
4) ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ìì ìííì ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìì ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìê° ìíì ì ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìì ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ì ìë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ê°ìëììŒë, ëì¡°êµ°ììë ìíì 곌 ìííì ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìì ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ìë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€. ì¡ì±ìŽìì êµ°ìì ìííì ì°ìž ì ìê° ìíì ì ì°ìž ì ìë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ê°ìëììŒë, ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì 군곌 ëì¡°êµ°ìì ìíì 곌 ìííì ì°ìž ì ìë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€.
5) íì¡í¬ì íìì ììë³ ì¶ì ì§ ì ìë ìŽìêŽê³ ììì ì¶ì ì§ ì ìê° ê°ì¥ ëìê³ ë€ììŒë¡ ê°ì¡±êŽê³, ì ììí, ìì ì¡Žì€ê°, ì 첎ìíì êž°ë¥, 겜ì ìí ììì ììŽìë€.
íì¡í¬ì íìì ìŽìì ìíì ì¶ì ì§ ì ìë ìž ì§ëšê°ì ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€. ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ìì ìííì ì¶ì ì§ ì ìê° ìíì ì ì¶ì ì§ ì ìë³Žë€ ì ìíê² ìŠê°ëììŒë, ëì¡°êµ°ììë ìíì 곌ìííì ì¶ì ì§ ì ìë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€.
6) ì 1 ê°ì€ ; "ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìë ìŽìì ì ìííì§ ìì íì¡í¬ì íìë³Žë€ ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëê° ì ì ê²ìŽë€."
a. ë¶ê°ì€ 1 ; "ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìë ìŽìì ì ìííì§ ìì íì¡í¬ì íìë³Žë€ ì늬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëê° ë®ì ê²ìŽë€"ìì 맥ë°ë§ìŽ ì§ì§ëìê³ (F=6.52, p.05). ìŽìêž° íìì ëì¡°êµ°ìŽ ì€íë € ê°ìíë
ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ìŒë©°(F=3.40, p.05).
b. ë¶ê°ì€ 2 ; "ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìë ìŽìì ì ìííì§ ìì íì¡í¬ì íìë³Žë€ ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ë°ìì ëê° ë®ì ê²ìŽë€"ë ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ì, ìê°ì ì€ížë ì€ ì ì, ì°ìž ì ì 몚ë ì§ì§ëìë€ (F=3.64, p<.05, F=3.89, p<.05, F=4.16, p<.05).
ì 2 ê°ì€ ; "ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìë ìŽìì ì ìííì§ ìì íì¡í¬ì íìë³Žë€ ì¶ì ì§ ì ìê° ëì ê²ìŽë€" ë ì§ì§ëìë€ (F=11.24, P<.001).
ì 3 ê°ì€ ; "ì¡ì±ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìì ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìê°ìë ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëì ì°šìŽê° ìì ê²ìŽë€"ë êž°ê°ëìë€. Scheffe ê²ìŠ 결곌 ì늬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ì곌 ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ì 몚ëìì ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí
ìŽìì êµ°ê°ìë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€.
ì 4 ê°ì€ ; "ì¡ì±ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìì ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìê°ìë ì¶ì ì§ ì ìì ì°šìŽê° ìì ê²ìŽë€" ë êž°ê°ëìë€. Scheffe ê²ìŠ 결곌 ì¶ì ì§ ì ìë ì¡ì±ìŽìì 군곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì êµ°ê°ìë ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììë€.
ìŽìì ì°êµ¬ 결곌륌 ì¢
í©íŽë³Žë©Ž ìŽìì ì ìíí íì¡í¬ì íìë ì¬ëŠ¬ì ì€ížë ì€ ë°ìì ëê° ê°ìëê³ ì¶ì ì§ìŽ ìŠì§ëììŒë¯ë¡, ìŽìì ì ë§ì± ì€ížë ì€ ìíì ìë íì¡í¬ì íì륌 ìí ë°ëì§í ê°ížì€ì¬ëŒê³ í ì ìë€. ëí ì¡ì±ìŽìì 곌 ë
¹ìí
ìŽí ìŽìì ê°ì íšê³Œì ì°šìŽê° ìë ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ìŒë¯ë¡, ìí©ì ë°ëŒ ì ì í ìŽìì ë°©ë²ì ì ííì¬ ì¬ì©í ì ìì ê²ìŽë€.
[ì묞]
Hemodialysis patients have chronic stress related to chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis. And their quality of life has been declined because of dependency of hemodialysis machine, heavy economical burden, and social isolation.
This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effect of relaxation technique on the stress and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, and showing the difference of the effect between live relaxation technique and taped relaxation technique.
Nonequivalent control group pre-post test research was designed. Seventy-two hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis regularly in hemdialysis units of an attached D Medical Center to K University and Y Medical Center have been
studied. Of them twenty-seven were experimental group â
(live relaxation technique group), Twenty-six were experimental group â
¡(taped relaxation technique group) and nineteen were control group(quiet time group). This study has been conducted for collecting data through physiological measurement and questionnaires from January 24 to Febrary 17, 1989.
The instruments used for this study were Psychological Stress Scale of Hemodialysis Patients developed by the researcher, Crosby's Visual Analogue Stress Scale, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and Rho's Quality of Life Scale as dependent variables, and Wallston's Health Locus of Control Scale and Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushenes' Trait Anxiety Inventory as intervening variables.
Relaxation Technique, designed to use hemodialysis patients adequately, was developed from a review of references by the researcher.
Analysis of data was done by use of X**2 -test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient and Scheffe test.
The results of this study are summerized as follows :
1) In Psychological Stress Scale of hemodialysis patients, the itemns with high stress scores were "restriction of social activity in comparison with before illness," "lack of role as parent, sbling and offspring," "limitation of food,"
"financial burden," "to be treated indefinite period of time". The scores of stress categories showed differences in order of socioeconomic category, developmental category, psychological category and physiological category.
2) There were no significant differences between three groups in all pre-test stress except tole visual analogue stress score.
3) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test pulse was decreased than pre-test pulse significantly, but in control group, pre and post-test pulses were not different. In live relaxation technique group and control group, post-test systolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test systolic blood pressure significantly, but in taped relaxation technique group, pre and past-test systolic blood pressure were different. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pre and post-test diastolic
blood pressure were different, on the contrary, in control group, post-test diastolic blood pressure was decreased than pre-test diastolic blood pressure significantly. In all three groups, pre and post-test serum cortisol level were not different.
4) In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, pest-test psychological stress score and visual analog stress score were decreased than pre-test psychological stress score and visual analogue stress score significantly, but in control group pre and post-test psychological stress score
and visual analog stress score were not different. In live relaxation technique post-test depression score was degreased than pre-test depression score significantly, but in taped relaxation technique control group, pre and post-test depression scores different.
5) The quality of life score categories showed differences in order of "relationship with neighbors," "family relationship," "emotional state," "self-esteem," physical state and function," "economic life". There was no significant difference between three groups in quality of life score. In live relaxation technique group and taped relaxation technique group, post-test quality of life score was increased than pre-test quality of life score, but in control group, pre and post-test quality of life scores were not different.
6) Hypothesis 1 that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is devided into two sub-hypotheses.
a. The first sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of physiological stress than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique is partly supported. Pulse is supported(F=6.52, p.05).
Diastolic blood pressure is not supported, on the contrary, the control group showed. decreased diastolic blood pressure than the relaxation group(F=3.40, p.o5).
b. The second sub-hypothesis that the hemodialysis patients who use relaxation technique will have less degree of psychological than the hemodialysis patients who don't use relaxation technique.restrictio
Preparation and physicochemical evaluation of estradiol transdermal delivery ìì€ížëŒëì¬ ê²œíŒì ì ì¡° ë° íê°
Thesis (master`s)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :ìœí곌 묌늬ìœíì ê³µ,1999.Maste
Evaluation of reimbursement system of home health care service
ê°íží곌/ë°ì¬[íêž]
1994ë
ë¶í° ììë ë³ìì€ì¬ ê°ì ê°íž ìë²ì¬ì
ì ìê°ë ë°©ë¬žë¹ ìê°ë¡ì Ʞ볞방묞ë£, êµíµë¹ ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ê°ë³íìë£ë¡ 구ì±ëìŽ ììŒë©° 볎íì ì©ì ììŽìë ì
ìììšì ì ì©íê³ ìë€. ìŽì ê°ì ê°íž ìê°êµ¬ì¡°ê° ê°ì ê°ížì í¹ì±ì ì³ê² ë°ìíê³ ìê³ ìê°ì°ì¶ìŽ íë¹íì§ ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ê°ì ê°ížìê°ê° ì€ì ììë¹ì©ì ì ë°ìíê³ ë¹ì©-íšê³Œê° ìëì§ì ì ì ì±ì ê²ìŠíê³ ì 볞 ì°êµ¬ë¥Œ ìëíìë€.
ì°êµ¬ ëìì 1994ë
9ì 1ìŒë¶í° 1996ë
8ì 31ìŒê¹ì§ ìŒëíë³ì ê°ì ê°íž ì¬ì
ìì ë±ë¡ëìŽ êŽëŠ¬ë ê°ì ê°ížëìì 239ëª
ì ìì ê°ì ê°ížì¬ 2ëª
ì ëììŒë¡ íìë€. ìë£ìì§ì ê°ì ê°ížì¬ ìŒìŒíëì
묎ëŽì©ê³Œ íìë³ ê°ížíì ì ê³µìê°, ê°ì ê°ížëììì ì
묎Ʞë¡ë¶ì, ì¬ì
ìì ìŽìì
곌 ì§ì¶, íëª©ë³ ì§ë£ë¹ì©ì ìì§íìë€.
ì°êµ¬ì 결곌륌 ììœíë©Ž ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.
1. ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒ ê°ì ê°ížì¬ì
ì í¹ì±ì ë³ìì€ì¬ ê°ì ê°ížì¬ì
ìŒë¡ 1ë
ê°ì ì§ë¬Žêµì¡ê³Œì ìŽìí ì격ìŠì ì·šëí ê°ì ê°ížì¬ê° ëíêŽì§í, ë§ì±íží¡êž°ì§íë± ì¥êž°ì ìŽë©° ë³µí©ì ìž ì§ëšëª
ì ê°ì§ê³ ììŒë©° ìë£êž°êµ¬ë 구첎ì ìž ì²ì¹ê° íìí íììê² ê°ížìë¹ì€, ììë ì§ë£ìë¹ì€, êµì¡ìë¹ì€ ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ì¬íì¬ì
ìë¹ì€ì í¬êŽì ìž ìë¹ì€ë¥Œ ì ê³µíë ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€. ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ê°ì ê°ížì
묎 구ì±ì ìŒìŒê·Œë¬Žìê°ì€ íì방묞 23.3%, êµíµìê° 20.3%ë¡ ìŽê·Œë¬Žìê°ì 43.6%륌 ì¬ì
ìë°ìì ì¬ì©íë©° ì¬ì
ììŽìì
묎, íìêŽë šì
묎, íìêµì¡ ë° ì§ëšêµì¡ ë± ì¬ì
ìëŽ íëìŽ 53.6%륌 ì°šì§íê³ ììë€.
2. ííì ê°ì ê°ížìê°êµ¬ì¡°ë ê°ì ê°ížì
묎ì ììëë ìê°êµ¬ì±ì ëí í¹ì±ì ë°ìëììŒë ê°ì ê°ížìë¹ì€ í¹ì±ì ëí ë°ìì 믞í¡í ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€. ê°ì ê°ížìë¹ì€ìì êµì¡ìë¹ì€ë íìì ê°ì¡±ì ë
늜ì êž°ë¥ ì ì§ë¥Œ ìíŽ êŒ íìíê³ ë§ì ìê°ìŽ ì구ëë¯ë¡ Ʞ볞방묞ë£ì ëŽí¬ëìŽ ìë êµì¡ì ëí ìê° ë¶ë¶ì ë¶ëŠ¬íì¬ ë³ëë¡ ìê°ííë ê²ìŽ íìíë€. ê·žì íšê» ê°ì ê°íž ìê°ì°ì¶ ì ì 조걎 ê²ìŠ 결곌 êž°ë³žë°©ë¬žë£ ì°ì¶ì ìí ìžê±Žë¹ì êµíµë¹ë ìê°ë¥Œ ì ëë¡ ë°ìíì§ ëª»íë ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€.
3. ê°ì ê°ížìê°ì ì ì ì± ê²ìŠìì ê°ì ê°ížìê°ê° ê°ì ê°ížì¬ì ìžê±Žë¹ì êµíµë¹ì ìê°ë¥Œ ì ëë¡ ë°ìíì§ ëª»íê³ ìë 묞ì ì ì ê°ì§ê³ ìì§ë§ ê°ì 방묞íìê° ìŠê°íë©Ž ê°ì ê°ížìŽìì ììëë ë¹ì©ì 볎ìíê³ ì
ìë¹ì©ì ë¹íŽ ë¶ëŽìŽ ì ì ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€.
ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡ ííì ê°ì ê°íž ìê°êµ¬ì¡°ë êµì¡ìë¹ì€ì ëí ì ë°ììŽ ì구ëë©° ë³ì곌 íììž¡ë©Žìì ë¹ì©-íšê³Œê° ìë ê²ìŒë¡ 볌 ì ìë€.
ê·žë¬ë¯ë¡ êµì¡ìë¹ì€ë¥Œ ìê°ííêž° ìíì¬ êµì¡ì ììëë ìê°, êµì¡ëŽì© ë° ìì€ ë±ì êŽí ì°êµ¬ê° ì구ëë€. ê·žì íšê» ê°ì ê°ížì¬ì
ìŽ ì§ë£êž°êŽì êµíëì§ ìê³ ê³µê³µêž°êŽìŽë ê°ížì¬ëšì²Žì€ì¬ì ê°ì ê°ížêž°êŽìŒë¡ íëë ê²ì ëë¹íì¬ ìŽë¬í ííì ê°ì ê°ížì¬ì
ì ëí ê°ì ê°ížìê° ì ì©ì ì°êµ¬ê° íìíë©° ê°ì ê°ížíìì ë
늜ì±ì ìíì¬ ì ë¶ìì ì¶ì§íê³ ìë íìë³ ìëê°ì¹ì²Žê³ì ë§ì¶ìŽ ê°ì ê°ížíìì ìëê°ì¹ì²Žê³ê°ë°ì ìí ì°êµ¬ìíì ì ìžíë€.
[ì묞]
The first demonstration project of hospital-based home health care service in Korea started in September 1994. The payment system for home health care was composed of three kinds of fee ; service fee, travel fee and fee-for-service.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost structure and cost-effectiveness based on the characteristics of home health care service.
The data was collected from the Home Health Care Center at Yonsei University Medical Center during the first demonstration period, from September 1994 to August 1996.
The results have been summarized as follows:
1. The diagnoses of referred patients consisted mainly of long-term diseases like cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, eta., and included mixed diseases. They also required specific treatments and medical appliances. The home health care service was composed of nursing service, medical service, educational service and social service. Almost 44% of the total working hours of home health care nurses was taken up with hom-visiting and transportation.
2. The payment system for home health care reflected the composition of working hours, but not the characteristics of services in full. Education is important to home health care service for maintaining the independent function of a patient and
required much time. So it is necessary that the fee for educational service seperate from the service fee.
3. The cost of home health care is not properly reflected the prime costs of labor and transportation.
4. Despite the insufficient calculation of cost, the Home Health Care Center had a net financial gain during the demonstration period. It is assumed that the increase in the frequency of home-visiting was the main cause.
In conclusion, it is necessary that the fee for educational service be added to the cost structure of home health care.
The results of this study suggest that another study is required to calculate the fee for educational service and to apply the payment system of home health care not only to public home health care but also to snf-based home health care.restrictio
Skempì ìí íìµ ìŽë¡ ì êŽí ê³ ì°°
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :ìíêµì¡ê³Œ,1995.Maste
Analysis of Community Health Practitioners' Activities by Direct Observation
ê°íží곌/ìì¬[íêž]
ìë£ì·šìœì§êµ¬ìì 24ìê° ì죌íë©Žì íëì íë 볎걎ì§ë£ììŽ ì€ì ë¡ ìŽë€ 귌묎ìê° ë²ìëŽìì ë¬Žìš íëì ìííê³ ìëë륌 íì
íê³ ëŽìì êŽëŠ¬ìì íì륌 íì
íë ê²ì 볎걎ì§ë£ì íëì ì¬ë°ë¥ž íê° ë° ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒ ë ìŽìŽ íí©ì ì í©í 볎걎ì§ë£ìì ì¡ì±Â·ë°°ì¹íëë° ììŽ íìíë€ê³ 볞ë€. ìŽë¬í êŽì ìì 볞 ì°êµ¬ë 볎걎ì§ë£ìì ìŒìŒíë곌 ëŽììêŽëŠ¬íëì ììë³ ëŽì© ë° ìê°ì íì
íëë° ê·ž 목ì ìŽ ìë€.
ì°êµ¬ì§íì 1985ë
7ì 16ìŒë¶í° 8ì 14ìŒê¹ì§ 겜Ʞë, ê°ìë, 충ì²ë ì§ìëŽ ë³Žê±Žì§ë£ìì€ ë볎걎ìììë¶í° êµíµìê°ìŽ 1ìê° ìŽëŽìž 13ê°ìì 볎걎ì§ë£ì륌 ëììŒë¡ 2ìŒê°ì© ì§ì êŽì°°ì íµíŽ ìë£ë¥Œ ìì§íìë€.
ì°êµ¬ë구ë¡ë ê°ížíêµì 5ëª
ìŒë¡ ìŽë£šìŽì§ ì°êµ¬íìŽ ê°ë°í êŽì°°ì¡°ì¬íì êŽì°°ì¡°ì¬ì§ì¹šì륌 ìŽì©íìê³ ìì§ë ìë£ë ì°êµ¬ìê° ì§ì ì€ì ë° ë°±ë¶ìšì ì°ì¶íìë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ì 결곌륌 ììœíë©Ž ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.
1) 볎걎ì§ë£ìì ì
묎ìíìê°ì ì§ì ë ìê°ëŽì ìŽë£šìŽì§ë ê²ìŽ ìëëŒ ì칚 6ìë¶í° ë°€ 12ìê¹ì§ ì§ìì ìŒë¡ ìŽë£šìŽì§ê³ ììŒë©° ìŒê°ìë íìì ì
묎륌 ìííŽ ë³Žê±Žì§ë£ìì 1ìŒ 24ìê°ëì ì
묎ìíì íë ê²ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìë€.
2) 볎걎ì§ë£ìì ìŒìŒíëëŽì©ì 24ìê°ì€ ì§ë£ìì
묎ìíì ìí íëìê°ìŽ 36.9%ë¡ ê°ížì ë° ê³µë¬Žìë±ìŽ ìŒìŒ 24ìê°ì€ 25%륌 ì
묎íëìê°ìŒë¡ ìë¹íë ê²ì ë¹íŽ ë ë§ì ìê°ì ì
묎ìíì ìë¹íê³ ìë ê²ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìë€.
3) 볎걎ì§ë£ììŽ ì§ë£ìì
묎륌 ìíŽ ìííë íê· íëìê°ì ìœ 7ìê° 30ë¶ìŒë¡ ì§ë£ ë° ê°ížì 43.7%, ì§ë£ì ìŽì ë° êŽëŠ¬ì 18.5%, êž°í 10.1%, êž°ë¡ì 9.7%ë±ì ììŒë¡ ìê°ì ìë¹íë ê²ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìë€. êž°ííëì ì¶ì¥, ì§ë£ì 몚ì ì°žì, ìŒíì§ëë±ì í¬
íšíê³ ìë€.
4) 볎걎ì§ë£ì ëŽìì í¹ì±ì ëšìê° 54%, ì¬ìê° 46%ë¡ êŽì°°ëìê³ ê° ì±ì¥ë°ë¬êž°ë³ë¡ë ì±ìžêž°ê° 42.1%, ìëêž°ê° 20.9%, ìì ìêž°ê° 20.4%ì ììŒë¡ ëŽìíê³ ìê°ë³ ëŽìììë ì€ì 6ìë¶í° ë°€ 12ìê¹ì§ ê³ ë¥ž ë¶í¬ë¥Œ 볎ìë€.
5) ëŽììì 죌ìë¶í¬ë êž°êŽ ë° ì£Œì볎걎ì¬ì
ë³ë¡ 볎멎 íží¡êž°ê³ëŽ ìŠììŽ 20.1%, ìíêž°ê³ê° 15.9%, íŒë¶ê° 13.8%, ìžììŽ 8.5% ë±ì ììŒë¡ êŽì°°ëììŒë©° ìì ìêž°ì ìëêž°ììë íží¡êž°ê³ê°, ì²ìë
êž°, ì±ìžêž° ë° ë
žìžêž°ììë ìíêž°ê³ê° ì 1ììë¡ ëíë¬ë€.
6) ëŽììêŽëŠ¬ì 볎걎ì§ë£ìì íê· 10.5ë¶ê° ìë¹ì€ë¥Œ ìííë ê²ìŒë¡ ê²ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìê³ ê°ížíìë³ë¡ ìê°ì ë¹êµíŽ 볎멎 ì§ì ê°íž ë° ì¹ë£ê° 4.6ë¶ìŒë¡ ê°ì¥ êžžìê³ ìëŽ ë° ë¬žì íŽê²° 4.1ë¶, ê²ì¬ 3.5ë¶, í¬ìœ 3.4ë¶ìŒë¡ êŽì°°ëìê³ íìë³ ê±Žìë 묞ì§ìŽ 267걎, í¬ìœìŽ 244걎, êž°ë¡ìŽ 228걎, ê²ì§ 193걎, 볎걎êµì¡ìŽ 176걎ìŽë©° ìŽíëìê°ì€ í¬ìœìŽ 22.1%ë¡ ê°ì¥ ëì ë¹ìšì ì°šì§íë€.
7) 볎걎ì§ë£ìì ëŽììêŽëŠ¬ì
ë¬Žì€ ìì¬ì ì§ë£ë²ì£Œë¡ 볌 ì ìëê²ì í¬ìœì€ ì²ë°©íìì ëŽí©ìŒë¡ ì¬ë£ëë©° ëŽììêŽëŠ¬íëìŽ ì§ë£, ê°íž ë° êµì¡ë±ì ì¬ë¬ íìë¡ êµ¬ì±ëìŽ ììŒë¯ë¡ ëŽììêŽëŠ¬ì
묎륌 ëšìí ì§ë£ì
ë¬Žë¡ ë¶ë¥, ë³Žê³ íë ê²ì 볎걎ì§ë£ìì íëì ê°êŽì ìŒë¡ íê°íì§ ëª»íë ê²ìŒë¡ ì¬ë£ëë€.
ë°ëŒì 볎걎ì§ë£ìì íëìíìê°ì íšìšì±ì êž°íêž° ìíŽ ì
묎볎조 ë° ê°ì¬íë볎조륌 ìí 볎조ìžë ¥ìì ë° ë³Žìê°ì ë± ì ëì ê°ì ëë íì ì ì§ìì±
ìŽ ê°êµ¬ëìŽìŒ í ê²ìŽë€.
[ì묞]
Most of Community Health Practitioners (CHPs) in Korea reside and provide 24 hour care in medically under-served areas. It is important to identify the kinds of client services given by these CHPs, the range of working hours in the real situation as well as the CHP's over-all activities within a twenty-four hour period.
This information is necessary for adequate evaluation of the CHP activities and for appropriate distribution of CHPs according to the needs of the rural area and a fishing village.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the daily activities of the CHP, and the content and time spent for management activities of clients by the type of nursing care.
In Kyoungki, Kangwoon and Choongcheong provinces, thirteen Community Health(CH) Posts were selected where the transportation time was less than one hour travel from the CH post to the provincial health center.
The data were collected by five observers for two days for a total or 48 hours at each CH post by direct observation from 16th July to 14th August in 1985. The data collection method were structured that were observation and included check lists and guide-lines that were developed by a research team of five nursing professors at Yonsei University College of Nursing. Discriptive Statistics, frequency distribution and percentage distribution, were used to analyze the data.
The summary of the research results are as follows.
1. Availability of the CHPs was not limited to specific office hours but occurred from 6 o'clock in the morning until midnight and sometimes clients came even during the night. Therefore the duty hours of the CHPs were 24 hours.
2. The percent of time spent during a twenty-four hour period in daily activities by the CHPs is as follows: privated and daily life time - 63.1% and work-related activity - 36.9%. It was observed that the CHPs spent more time carrying out their responsibilities than did the nurse and the public officials who spent 25% out of a 24 hour period in work-related activities.
3. An average time for the CHPs to carry out her job was 7 hours and 30 mins. It was observed that 43.7% of the time was spent for treatment and care, 18.5% for CH post administration and management, 10.1% for miscellaneous, and 9.7% for recording. The miscellaneous category included such things as an official trip and teaching children in a night school.
4. Fifty-four percent of the clients were male and 46% were female. According to growth and developmental stage, 42.1% of the clients were in the adult stage, 20.9% in the stage of childhood and 20.4% were in the infant stage. The number of clients were evenly distributed from 6 o'clock in the morning through midnight.
5. Client complaints of symptoms and principal health service are as follows: respiratory symptoms: 20.1%, gastro-intestinal symptoms: 15.9%, skin problems: 13.8%, wounds : 8.5%. The chief complaints were related to age groups, that is, respiratory symptoms occurred most frequently among infants and children and
gastro-intestinal symptoms were among adolescents, adult and the aged.
6. Study findings related to leugth of time used for each activity and frequency of occurance are as follows : the CHP spent an average of 10.5 minutes in giving services to each client. When the average service times for nursing activities were compared: direct care and treatment took the longest tlme, 4.6 mins; counselling and problem solving, 4.1 mins; lab exam, 3.5 mins; and medication, 3.4 mins. The frequency of activity was observed as follows: history taking, 267 times; medication, 244 times; recording, 228 tims; physical examination, 193 times; and
health education, 176 times. Activities related to medications occupied the highest proportion of CHP time, that is, 22.1% of total activity hours.
7. Among all services to client administered by the CHP, only the writing of prescriptions and suturing are thought of as physician's medical care. services to clients by CHPs in clude nursing care, education as well as the medical services of
prescriptions and suturing. So it is the objective of this report focus upon the CHP's activity that is not medical care.
The CHP is underpaid for the time of activities and the responsibilities she carries in the health care delivery system. One way of reducing the inequities would be to provide an assistant for activities that are not related directly to
client care.restrictio
(The) effect of relaxation technique on reduction of postoperative pain
ê°íží곌/ìì¬[íêž]
ìì í ëíµì ë³ììì ê°ì¥ ë¹ë²íê² ë°ìëë ëíµì€ì íëìŽë ê·žê²ìŽ ìì í ì늬ì 곌ì ì ìŒë¶ìŽë©° ìê°ìŽ ì§ëë©Ž ììŽì§ ê²ìŽëŒê³ 믿Ʞë묞ì 묎ìëë ìê° ë§ë€. ìŽë¬í ìì í ëíµì êŽëŠ¬íêž° ìíì¬ í¹ë³í ìœìŽë Ʞ구륌 ì¬ì©íì§ ìê³ ê°ížììŽ ë
ìì ìŒë¡ ê³í ·ìíí ì ìë ìŽìì ì ì¬ì©í íìê° ìë€.
ì°êµ¬ì 목ì ì ìŽìì ì¬ì©ìŽ ìì í ëíµê°ìì 믞ì¹ë íšê³Œë¥Œ ë°íê³ , ìì í ëíµì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ì ììžì íìžíë ê²ìŽë€.
ì°êµ¬ë°©ë²ì 1984ë
8ì 23ìŒë¶í° 17ì 24ìŒê¹ì§ ë구ì§í ì Kìë Dìë£ì ìŒë°ìžê³Œ ë³µë¶ìì íì 57ëª
ì ëììŒë¡ ì€íêµ° 29ëª
ëì¡°êµ° 28ëª
ìŒë¡ ëëìŽ ë©Žì ë²ê³Œ êŽì°°ë²ì íµíŽ ìë£ë¥Œ ìì§íìë€.
ì°êµ¬ë구ë¡ë 볞 ì°êµ¬ìê° ë¬žíê³ ì°°ì íµíŽ 구ì±íì¬ íë¹ì±ê²ì¬ë¥Œ ê±°ì¹ ìì í ëíµ ìž¡ì ë구ì, ìì í ì¬ì©ì ì ì íëë¡ ê³ ìí ìŽìì ë°©ë²ì ì¬ì©íìë€.
ìêµ°ê°ì ìŒë°ì¬í ë° ìì 곌 êŽë šë ì¬íìŽ ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììì íìží í, x**2-test, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficientì íµê³ë°©ë²ì ìŽì©íì¬ ìë£ë¶ìì íìë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ì 결곌륌 ììœíë©Ž ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.
1. ìŽìì ì ì¬ì©í ì€íêµ°ìŽ ìŽìì ì ì¬ì©íì§ ìì ëì¡°êµ°ë³Žë€ ìì í ëíµìŽ ì ì ê²ìŽë€ëŒë ê°ì€ê²ìŠ 결곌ë¡ì
ì 1_ë¶ê°ì€ "ì€íêµ°ìŽ ëì¡°êµ°ë³Žë€ ìì í ëíµì ìê° ë®ì ê²ìŽë€"ë ì§ì§ëìë€ (t=7.810, p<.01 ) ìêµ°ê°ì ìŽëì ë ì°šìŽë¥Œ ë³Žìž ëíµìì¹ë¥Œ íµì íê³ ë ì€íêµ°ìŽ ëì¡°êµ°ë³Žë€ ìì í ëíµìŽ ì ìíê² ë®ìë€.
ì 2ë¶ê°ì€ "ì€íêµ°ìŽ ëì¡°êµ°ë³Žë€ ìì í ì§íµì ì¬ì©íìê° ì ì ê²ìŽë€"ë ì§ì§ëìë€ (x**2=9.85, p<.01 ).
ì 3ë¶ê°ì€ "ì€íêµ°ìŽ ëì¡°êµ°ë³Žë€ ìì ì í íë ¥ìŠíì ë³íê° ì ì ê²ìŽë€"ë êž°ê°ëìë€. ë°ëŒì ììí ìŽìì ì íšê³Œë¥Œ ìž¡ì íêž° ìíŽ ìì í 첎ìë³ê²œì í íë ¥ìŠíì ë³í륌 ë€ì ê²ìŠíŽ 볞 결곌, íží¡ê³Œ 맥ë°ì ë³íë ìêµ°ê°ì ì ìí ì°šìŽê° ììê³ (Paired t= 7.209, p.05, Paired t=1.727, p>.05) ì 3ë¶ê°ì€ì ë¶ë¶ì ìŒë¡ ì§ì§ëìë€.
2 .ìì í ëíµì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ììžì ë°í볞 결곌, ì°ë ¹ê³Œ ìì í ëíµìŽ ì ìí ìêŽêŽê³ê° ìë ê²ìŒë¡ ëíë¬ë€ (r=0.427, p<.01). ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡ ìŽìì ì¬ì©ìŽ ìì í ëíµì ê°ììí¬ ì ìë ì¢ì ê°ížì€ì¬ì€ì íëë¡ ê·ëª
ëììŒë¯ë¡ ìŽë¥Œ ììì€ë¬Ž íì¥ìì ìì í ëíµêŽëŠ¬ë°©ë²ìŒë¡ ì¬ì©íì¬ ê°ížì ë
ìì±ì ëì± ëì¬ìŒ í ê²ìŽë€.
[ì묞]
Postoperative pain is one of the most frequently occurred pain in hosiptals, but it has been underestimated because it is only a part of postoperative physiological process and may disappear in time. It is necessary that nurses use the relaxation technique, planning and implement Ins by themselves Independently 1to reduce this postoperative pain.
This study is armed at showing the effect of relaxation technique on reduction of postoperative pain, and exploring the factors influencing postoperative pawn.
Fifty-seven patients with abdominal surgery who admitted in attached D Medical Center to K University in Daegu have been studied. of them twenty-nine were experimental group and the remaining twenty-eight were control group. This study has been conducted for collecting data through interviews and observation from August 23 to October 24, 1984.
The tools of this study were two kinds : Postoperative Pain Scale is obtained from a review of references by the researcher, and relaxation technique, designed to use postoperative setting adequately, is also obtained from a review of references by the researcher.
After confirming no significant differences between the two groups, the hypoteses were statistically verified by x**2-test, t-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
The results of this study are summerized as follows:
1. The main hypothesis that the experimental group who use relaxation technique wall have less degree of postoperative pain than the control group who don't use relaxation technique is devided into three sub-hypotheses. The first sub-hypothesis
that the experimental group will have less score of postoperative pain than the control group was accepted (t=7.810, p.05, t=1.727, p>.05). Therefore the third sub-hypothesis is partially accepted.
2. A significant correlation was noted between age and post-operative pain (r=0.427, p<.01).
Conclusively, the researcher thinks that it is necessary that nurses should provide patients with relaxation technique to reduce postoperative pain, and to increase independence of nursing.restrictio
Alain Badious Avant-garde
íìë
Œë¬ž (ìì¬)-- ììžëíêµ ëíì : 믞í곌, 2011.2. ê¹ì§ìœ.Maste
Analyzing the models and the characteristics of students proportional reasoning
íìë
Œë¬ž(ë°ì¬) --ììžëíêµ ëíì :ìíêµì¡ê³Œ,2009.2.Docto
- âŠ