31 research outputs found

    ์ธ์‚ฌ๋™์ง€์—ญ ๋งค๋ ฅ์  ์š”์†Œ ๋ณด์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์ธ์‚ฌ๋™๊ธธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    (The) effect of NO donor on Ca2+ and nonselective cation currents in the guinea-pig ileal smooth muscle cells

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC)์‹ ๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์–ต์ œ์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ด€ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, nitric oxide (NO)๊ฐ€ NANC์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ์–ต์ œ์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด cyclic GMP (cOMP)๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง‰์ด์˜จ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ NO์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” whole cell patch clamp ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ carbachol (CCh)์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ NO๊ณต์—ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด cGMP์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  NO์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 100 ฮผM)์€ ํƒˆ๋ถ„๊ทน ์ž๊ทน ์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ง‰์ „์•• ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์นผ์Š˜ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ์ธ CdCl^^2 (500ฮผM)์€ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. +10 mV๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ถ„๊ทน์ž๊ทน์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜์˜ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ป์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. 2. SIN-1์€ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ 8-Br-cGMP (1mM) ๋ฐ zaprinast (10mM)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, 1H[1, 2, 4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1ฮผM)๋Š” SIN-1์— ์˜ํ•œ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๋ง‰ ์ „์••์„ -40 mV๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ CCh์ ์šฉ์‹œ, CCh ๋†๋„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 10 ฮผM CCh์ ์šฉ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CCh์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 10 ฮผM SIN-1์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ 8-Br-cGMP (1mM)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ODQ ์ „์ฒ˜์น˜๋Š” SIN-1์— ์˜ํ•œ ์–ต์ œํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. 4. Amphotericin B (100 ฮผM)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ perforate ์ฒœ๊ณต์‹œํ‚จ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ, SBN-1์€ conventional whole cell patch์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ CCh ์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํƒ์„ฑ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ ํ”ฝ ํšŒ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ข…์ฃผ๊ทผ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ NO ๊ณต์—ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด cGMP๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์žฅ๊ด€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์ด์™„์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์™„ ๊ธฐ์ „์—๋Š” ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” Ca**2+ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory never innervation is important because it plays an essential role in the regulation of physiological gastrointestinal reflexes in autonomic nerves. It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) works as a inhibitory neurotranmitter released from the NANC nevers in intestinal smooth muscles. NO also produces smooth muscle relaxation via elevation of intracellular cGMP levels. However, NO-mediated action mechanism is still unclear. As the effect of NO on the membrane ionic current was not established, we have therefore investigated the effects of NO, using NO donors, on ionic currents in guinea-pig ileum. Conventional whole cell patch clamp technique was used to see the effects of NO donors on inward Ca**2+ currents and carbachol-activated nonselective cation currents, and whether those effects are mediated by the elevation of cGMP concentartion, The results of this investigation on the action mechanisms of NO on the ion channels are summarized as follows: 1. Depolarization-activated inward Ca**2+ currents were markedly decreased by the application of 3-morpholpnosydnonimine(SIN-1, 10 ฮผM) in the all ranges. Inorganic Ca**2+ antagonist, CdCl^^2 (500 ฮผM),completely abolished the depolarization-activated inward Ca**2+ currents. Maximum peak current was activated by application of +10 mV depolarization. 2. SIN-1 decreased the inward Ca**2+ current which is activated by application of step pulse. 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP, 1mM) and zapinast (10 ฮผM) also showed a similar effect to that of SIN-1. 3. In a cell clamped at a holding potential of -40 mV, application of carbachol (CCh) induced inward currents in a dose-dependent manner. The CCh-induced inward rurrent was reversibly and significantly inhibited by 10 ฮผM SIN-1 and 1mM 8-Br-cGMP. Pretreatment with ODQ(1 ฮผM) also significantly abolished the SIN-1-induced inhibitory effect. 4. In a cell perforated with amphotericin B (100ฮผM), SIN-1 also showed a similar inhibitory effect to that of the excised cell. From the above results, NO donor-induced inhibitory effects may be mediated by cGMP which contributes to the intestinal smooth muscle relaxation, and these effects are related to the inhibition of inward Ca**2**+ and CCh-activated nonselective currents.restrictio

    Diagnosis and risk factors for heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์€ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ด€์ ˆ์šด๋™๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐ•์ง์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋™๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์€ ์ฒด์œ„๋ณ€๋™, ์ด๋™ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ๋™์ž‘์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์š•์ฐฝ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ, ์ดํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ดฌ์˜, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ alkaline phophatase์น˜ ๋ฐ bone scan๋“ฑ์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์™„์ „์†์ƒ, ์š•์ฐฝ, ๋นˆํ˜ˆ, ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ, ์™ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ง ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 1992๋…„ 9์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1993๋…„ 4์›” 15์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์› ์žฌํ™œ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์ค‘ ์†์ƒํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ๋œ 71๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด 15๋ช…์„ ์ œ 1๊ตฐ, ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ 56๋ช…์„ ์ œ 2๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์€ 21.1%(15๋ช…)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„๋Š” ์ด 34๋ก€์ค‘ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด 20๋ก€(58.8%)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜ธ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์ „๋‚ด์ธก์ด 12๋ก€(60.0%)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋“ค์ค‘ ์š•์ฐฝ, ๊ฒฝ์ง, ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ œ 1๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ alkaline phosphatase์น˜๋Š” ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์ด ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ›„ 12๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚ด ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ ํ™˜์ž 7๋ช… ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  3 phase bone scan์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ดฌ์˜์ƒ ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— dynamic phase์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ธ ์š•์ฐฝ, ๊ฒฝ์ง, ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ , ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ alkaline phosphatase์น˜ ์ธก์ •, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ดฌ์˜๊ณผ 3 phase bone scan ๋“ฑ์ด ์ด์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ณจํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Heterotopic ossification is a frequent complication in patients with spinal cord injury. This study, 71 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury who were admitted or followed up for mere than 6 months after injury in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between September 1, 1992 and April 15, 1993, were divided into 2 groups: 15 patients with heterotopic ossification and 56 patients without. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location risk factors, and efficacy of diagnostic tools for heterotopic ossification. The results are as follows: 1. Heterotopic ossification had developed in 15(21.1%) of 71 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. 2. The most common location of heterotopic ossification was around the hip joint especially the anteromedial aspect. 3. The risk factors found to be significantly related to heterotopic ossification formation were anemia, presence of pressure sores and spasticity. The risk factors appeared to be cumulative. 4. Serum slkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in all of the patients who were diagnosed with heterotopic ossification within 12 months after injury. The dynamic phase of the 3 phase tone scan showed increased vascularity in areas of ossification before roentgenography revealed ossification. On the basis of this study, dose clinical observation and serial laboratory tests are needed in patients at risk. Serial serum alkaline phosphatase measurements, roentgenography and 3 phase bone scan will be required for early diagnosis and evaluation of the maturity of heterotopic ossification.restrictio

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