13 research outputs found

    ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ๋ถ„์ž์—ญํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊ณ ๊ด‘ํ‘œ.ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ์—ผ (Respiratory infections)์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ๋ ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋…๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ฆ‰, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ์—ผ(Respiratory viral infections)์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์™€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ๋ณด์นด๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ๋ผ์ด๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ํŒŒ๋ผ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋‰ด๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ์—ด, ๊ธฐ์นจ, ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ‰๊ณฝํ•จ๋ชฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋„์‹œํ™”, ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ฌํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ต์—ญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ ด (convergence)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ํ–‰ (outbreak)์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ (pattern)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, 4028๊ฑด์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ real-time one-step RT-PCR์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์œ ํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์ „์ž์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ genotype์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 183๊ฑด์˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 131๊ฑด์˜ RSV-A subgroup์—์„œ 61๊ฑด์˜ ON1 genotype์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 66๊ฑด์—์„œ NA1 genotype์ด, 3๊ฑด์—์„œ GA5๊ฐ€, 1๊ฑด์ด GA1์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. RSV-B subgroup์—์„œ๋Š” 29๊ฑด์ด BA9 genotype์ด, 2๊ฑด์ด BA10 genotype์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์—ด, ๊ธฐ์นจ, ์ฝง๋ฌผ, ๊ฐ€๋ž˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 19์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ ์Œ•์Œ•๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค‘๋ณต ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ญํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, 2009๋…„๊ณผ 2014๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์˜ ํ˜• (type)๊ณผ ์•„ํ˜• (subtype)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  (demographic), ์ž„์ƒ์  (clinical) ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•™์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , 2009๋…„์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•œ A(H1N1)pdm09์„ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‹œ์  ์ฆ‰, 2010๋…„์„ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ–‰์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ‘์›์— ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์— ๋™์˜ ํ•˜์— ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ 4028๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ฒด ์ค‘ 920๊ฑด์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ 305๊ฑด์ด A(H3N2)์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 291๊ฑด์ด A(H1N1)pdm09, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  343๊ฑด์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž B ํƒ€์ž…์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ A(H3N2)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ 5-24์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ 2009๋…„๊ณผ 2010๋…„์ด ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ (univariate analysis) ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์ค‘๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ ์˜คํ•œ, ๋‘ํ†ต, ๊ทผ์œกํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๊ฐ์—ผํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  ๋ผ์ด๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์œ ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญํ•™์  ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ญ์‹œ 4028๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 112๊ฑด์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 54๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 70๊ฑด์ด HCoVOC43์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 14๊ฑด์€ HCoV-229E์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 28๊ฑด์€ HCoV-NL63์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, HCoV-OC43์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ HCoV-229E์™€ HCoV-NL63์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2009๋…„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ง‰ํž˜์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผํ™˜์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๋‘ํ†ต์ด HCoV-229E์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์œ ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข€๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ถ”์ด๋ถ„์„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋งˆ๋‹ค ํŠน์ • ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐœ์ƒ์–‘์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are caused by bacteria or viruses and are divided into upper and lower RTIs. Acute RTIs, such as pneumonia and flu, are the third leading cause of death worldwide. Viral RTIs are divided into influenza virus (IFV) and non IFV (human adenovirus [ADV], human bocavirus, human coronavirus [HCoV], human respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], human rhinovirus [hRV], parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus). RTIs caused by these viruses are accompanied by various clinical symptoms, e.g., fever, severe cough, hoarseness, wheeze, tachypnea, breathlessness, respiratory distress, nasal flaring, and jugular, intercostal, and thoracic indrawings. The increased rate of emergent viral RTIs in the past 15 years is due to various factors, including the increasing human population, urbanization, changes in the interactions between human and animal populations, climate change, and increased international travel and trade. The characteristics of outbreaks of viral RTIs differ geographically. Given their importance, we analyzed three major respiratory virusesโ€”RSV, IFV, and HCoV. First, we evaluated the molecular and clinical characteristics of RSV in South Korea from 2009 to 2014 using 4028 respiratory specimens from local hospitals in Gyeonggi Province for 6 consecutive years by real-time one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and partial sequencing of the RSV glycoprotein gene. A total of 183 patients were positive for RSV. Of the 131 RSV-A specimens sequenced, 61 (43.3%) were genotype ON1, 66 (46.8%) were NA1, three (2.1%) were GA5, and one (0.7%) was genotype GA1. Of the 31 RSV-B specimens sequenced, 29 (87.9%) were genotype BA9 and two (6.1%) were BA10. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, nasal discharge, and phlegm. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that RSV infection of pediatric patients was strongly associated with cough and wheezing. The majority of respiratory viruses coinfecting with RSV was hRV. The findings enhance our understanding of the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of RSV, which will enable the development of an RSV vaccine. Second, we characterized the epidemiology of IFV in South Korea from 2009 to 2014. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, associated factors, and disease severity of IFV A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and IFV B and the characteristics of the first wave in 2009 and the subsequent wave in 2010. A total of 4028 outpatients attended local hospitals with respiratory symptoms and were enrolled in KINRESS in Gyeonggi Province. Of them, 920 (22.8%) were positive for IFV, comprising 305 (33.1%) A(H3N2), 271 (29.5%), A(H1N1)pdm09, and 343 (37.3%) IFV B. IFV epidemics occur annually from November and March and at a far lower frequency during the rest of the year. According to univariate analyses using A(H3N2) as a reference, the risk ratios of 5โ€“24 years and years 2009 and 2010 were > 1.0. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cough, chill, headache, and muscular pain were associated with IFV infection, and human rhinovirus comprised the majority of respiratory viruses coinfecting with IFV. These results will facilitate prediction of influenza outbreaks. Third, we assessed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HCoV in South Korea from 2009 to 2014 using 4028 throat and nasal swabs from children and adults with fever and various clinical symptoms. Among the 4028 cases, 112 (2.8%) were positive for HCoV, including 45 (40.2%) males and 54 (48.2%) females. Of them, 70 (62.5%) were HCoV-OC43, 14 (12.5%) were HCoV-229E, and 28 (25.0%) were HCoV-NL63. HCoV epidemics occurred mainly in winter. According to univariate analyses using HCoV-OC43 as a reference, the risk was > 1.0 in only 2009. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that nasal obstruction was associated with HCoV infection, and age and headache with HCoV-229E infection. Moreover, the majority of respiratory viruses coinfecting with HCoV were hRV and ADV. These studies will enable prediction of HCoV outbreaks; also, further molecular analysis of HCoV is needed. In conclusion, RSV, IFV, and HCoV have different molecular and epidemiological characteristics. Moreover, RSV, IFV, and HCoV infections cause unique clinical symptoms such as fever and cough. Therefore, identification of the factors that influence respiratory viruses in South Korea is required to prevent pandemics and will assist vaccine development.CHAPTER I. BACKGROUNDS 1 The Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System 2 Outline and Scheme 3 General objectives 10 Objectives and Hypotheses 12 CHAPTER II. MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN SOUTH KOREA, 2009-2014 13 Introduction 14 Materials and Methods 17 Results 20 Discussion 40 CHAPTER III. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN SOUTH KOREA, 2009-2014 48 Introduction 49 Materials and Methods 52 Results 54 Discussion 64 CHAPTER IV. EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN CORONAVIRUS IN SOUTH KOREA, 2009-2014 69 Introduction 70 Materials and Methods 72 Results 74 Discussion 85 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS 90 REFERENCES 94 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 117Docto
    corecore