Rhythmical Expression by Line and Plane

현대의 모든 미술분야는 이전까지 어떤 시대와도 그 변동의 크기를 비교할 수 없을 만큼 다양해졌다. 이러한 현상은 순수미술뿐 만 아니라 실용을 위한 조형미술(造形美術)에서도 나타나고 있다. 특히 조형미술로서 염색은 섬유를 다양한 표현 가능성을 지닌 감각적 재료로 받아들여 미적으로 끌어올렸으며, 다른 조형예술과는 달리 기술적인 연구와 실험정신으로 재료를 효과적으로 다루어야 하는 입장을 가진다. 20세기에 들어와 미술가들은 주관적 시각에서 사물을 보며 미술가들의 이러한 태도는 점차 현실적인 묘사에서 벗어나 선과 면을 조형요소로 하는 조형적 표현의 기본요소에 대한 관심이 높아져 가면서 추상미술(Abstract)이 급속도로 성장하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 흐름을 인식하여 동적 (動的)인 선과 이들에 의해 한계 지워진 면들에 의한 질서있는 추상적 형태를 형성함으로써 생동하는 인간의 삶을 동적으로 표현하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 이론적 배경으로 추상미술과 조형요소로서의 선(線)과 면(面)을 이론적으로 고찰하고 이것을 바탕으로 10점의 작품을 제작·분석하는 과정에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 추상미술은 미술가들의 창조적 의지와 개성적 조형관에 의해 현대에 와서 내적의미가 담긴 새로운 조형요소로 표현되고 있다. 둘째, 본 연구의 작품제작을 위한 조형요소로 사용된 선과 면은 동적(動的)인 선과 기하학적인 면과 만남으로 추상적 형태를 형성하여 삶의 과정을 동적 (動的)으로 표현하는데 적절하였다. 세째, 작품제작을 위하여 재료로는 부직포와 건열전사염료를 택하였는데 작업이 간단하고 효과가 좋았다. 네째, 방염제를 쓰지 않으므로 면과 면이 번지거나 오염되는 경우가 있고 후처리과정에서 색상의 채도가 의도와는 다르게 나타나기도 하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 출발의 기틀로 삼아 앞으로 진행되는 작업에서는 기법과 재료들을 여러 각도에서 연구하여 보다 독창적인 표현으로 깊이있는 예술적 작품을 모색하고자 한다.;The fields of modern art have been various which can't compare tile size of change with previous any ages. These cases happen in not only pure arts but also formative arts. Especially formative arts pull up a textile to aesthetic sense which is accepted as a suitable material with rich possibility of expressions. Treat the materials effectively through the technical research and experimental mind contrary to another visual arts. Therefore it gives a stimulus in various fields of arts. In the 20th century, the artists began to see a matter with a new tendency. The abstract art has been brought up quickly because of high concern about a basic element of line and plane free from realistic description. Accordingly, this research considers theoretically the line and plane as compositional and modeling element based on analysis of ten pieces of work. The first, abstract art expressed in modern mind with reasonable formative language. Therefore abstract expression has importance as creative will and individual expression of artists in all art fields today. The second, line and plane which is used as compositional elements to form this works of research make up a abstract form with order between rhythmical line, and plane fixed the limit by introduce a shape of the object and rhythmical expression to indicate the cyclic life course of human. The third, the materials was chosen non-woven fabric and the technique was selected on fabric used transfer art dyes to produce the works. The althrnative was discovered in the course of operations which was simple and effective. The fourth, because resist printing was not used, occationally surface was blotted or polluted. Also, chroma appeared differently ill the course of behind process. Making a starting point of this research, I will study with litany ways in materials and technique, expect the best works of art as creative expression in the future process.논문개요 = ⅵ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구목적 = 1 B. 연구내용 = 1 C. 연구방법 = 2 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 3 A. 추상미술의 조형요소 = 3 원문누락 = 7 원문누락 = 7 원문누락 = 8 Ⅲ. 작품제작 및 분석 = 13 A. 작품제작 = 13 B. 작품분석 = 19 Ⅳ. 결론 = 39 참고문헌 = 41 ABSTRACT = 4

혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종과 말초T세포 림프종 미분류형에서의 미세리보핵산의 발현 양상과, 진단 및 예후인자로서의 역할 분석

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2012. 2. 김철우.Purpose. We investigated expression profile, therapeutic response and prognostic implications of microRNAs (miRNAs) in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (PTCL-NOS). Experimental Design. Expression levels of 17 miRNAs were measured by real time PCR in 24 cases of AITL and 23 cases of PTCL tissues collected from the archival paraffin blocks. Correlation between the expression levels of miRNAs and various clinical parameters were statistically analyzed. Results. MiR-155 and miR-21 were found to be upregulated in AITL and PTCL-NOS as compared with normal lymphoid tissue (p=0.033; p<0.001). MiR-29b was upregulated in AITL and downregulated in PTCL-NOS. (p=0.033). When we compared between miRNA expression and chemotherapeutic response, we found that miR-101, miR-221, miR-106a and miR-223 were downregulated in the patients with complete remission in initial treatment. (p=0.007; p=0.003; p=<0.001; p=0.007) In addition, miR-221 decreased in the patients with response group. (p=0.032) In the AITL and PTCL-NOS, patients with high levels of miR-106a had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) or progression free survival (PFS). (p=0.021; p=0.013) Upregulated miR-181a correlated with improved OS and PFS (p=0.002; p=0.025). Especially in AITL group, p-values were smaller than disease group (OS, p=0.001; PFS, p=0.003). But, there was no association in PTCL-NOS group. High levels of miR-17 and miR-125b were significantly associated with longer OS (p=0.003; p=0.032) and PFS (p=0.108; p=0.042). Multivariate analysis revealed that low miR-181a were independent poor prognostic factors of OS(p=0.008; HR=4.437) and PFS(p=0.033; HR=3.152). Conclusions. AITL and PTCK-NOS revealed different miRNAs expression with particular aberrancy of miR-155,-21, and -29b. The expression profiles of miRNAs can be predictors of chemotherapeutic response and patients outcome.혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종과 말초T세포 림프종 미분류형은 드문 악성림프종의 분류로서 악성림프종 중에서도 예후가 나쁜 것으로 알려져 있다. 말초T세포 림프종은 B세포 림프종에 비해 예후인자와 치료에 대한 연구가 아직 미진한 실정이다. 미세리보핵산은 유전자의 전사 후 조절을 통해 세포의 성장, 분화, 세포소멸, 및 배아발생 등에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 미세리보핵산은 그 종양형성과 억제에 관여해 oncomiRs(종양형성미세리보핵산)나 tumor-suppressor miRs(종양억제미세리보핵산)등으로 불리기도 하며 종양의 치료반응 또는 예후에도 관여한다는 증거들이 많이 보고되고 있다. 미세리보핵산은 혈액 종양에서는 주로 B세포 림프종을 대상으로 연구되고 있으며 말초T세포 림프종에서는 연구된 바가 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 말초T세포 림프종의 하위분류인 혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종과 말초T세포 림프종 미분류형에서 미세리보핵산의 발현의 차이를 비교분석하고 임상양상과 항암치료반응, 그리고 예후와의 관련성을 연구하였다. 총 58례를 대상으로 하였으며 이 중 혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종은 24례이며 말초T세포 림프종 미분류형은 23례, 그리고 정상 림프조직이 11례 포함되었다. miR-155, miR-17 (miR 17-92 cluster), miR-21, miR-146a, miR-125b-1, miR-181a-1, miR-126, miR-101-1, miR-103-1, miR-221, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-29b, miR-106a, miR-143, miR-223, miR-326의 총 17개의 미세리보핵산을 분석하였다. 포르말린에 고정된 파라핀 포매 조직(Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissue)에서 미세리보핵산을 추출한 뒤 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응을 통하여 조사하였다. 혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종과 말초T세포 림프종 미분류형을 합한 말초T세포림프종 분류와 정상 림프조직을 비교하였을 때 MiR-155와 miR-21이 말초T세포림프종에서 뚜렷이 증가된 것이 확인되었다(p=0.033; p<0.001). 항암치료반응성과 미세리보핵산의 발현 정도를 비교해 보았을 때는 miR-101, miR-221, miR-106a, miR-223의 4가지 미세리보핵산이 완전관해를 보인 집단에서 감소되어 있는 것이 관찰되었다(p=0.007; p=0.003; p=<0.001; p=0.007). 또한 miR-221은 완전관해와 부분관해를 보인 집단에서 유의하게 감소되어 있는 결과를 보였다(p=0.032). 미세리보핵산의 발현 정도와 예후를 살펴보았을 때는 완전관해를 보인 집단에서 감소되어 있던 miR-106a가 낮은 집단이 전반적 생존율(overall survival)과 재발 없는 생존율(progression free survival) 모두에서 더 좋은 예후를 보였다(p=0.021; p=0.013). 또한 miR-181a가 증가된 집단은 더 좋은 예후를 보였으며 이는 전반적 생존율과 재발 없는 생존율 모두에서 나타났다(p=0.002; p=0.025). 통계적으로 의미 있는 결과는 혈관면역모세포형 T세포 림프종에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다(OS, p=0.001; PFS, p=0.003). 그 외에도 of miR-17(OS,p=0.003; PFS,p=0.108)과 miR-125b(OS p=0.032; PFS, p=0.042) 역시 더 좋은 예후를 보이는 집단에서 증가되어 있었다. 나이, 국제말초T세포림프종예후지수(IPTCLP), B 증상과 함께 다변량 분석을 해 보았을 때, miR-181a의 상승이 전반적 생존율(p=0.008; HR=4.437)과 재발 없는 생존율(p=0.033; HR=3.152) 모두에서 독립적인 좋은 예후인자로 나타났다. 17개의 미세리보핵산의 발현 양상은 정상 림프조직과 말초T세포 림프종 간에 차이를 보였다. 또한 몇몇 미세리보핵산은 말초T세포 림프종 내에서 항암치료 반응성과 예후에 관여하는 의미 있는 인자 중 하나로 생각된다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 미세리보핵산에 대한 정보는 미세리보핵산들이 말초T세포 림프종 내에서 종양형성과 항암치료반응, 그리고 예후에 이르기까지 어떠한 방식으로 작용하는지 구체적으로 밝히기 위한 앞으로의 연구에 첫 걸음이 될 것이라고 생각된다.Maste

원발성 중추신경 광범위 큰B세포림프종에서 종양관련 면역세포의 임상, 병리학적, 예후적 의미

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2015. 2. 김철우.Background: Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity having poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages/microglial cells (TAMs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play an important role in tumor microenvironment. Macrophages can differentiate to M1 or M2 phenotype. However, little has been known about prognostic factors and role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary CNS DLBCL and systemic DLBCL. Thus I investigated the prognostic implications of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in primary CNS DLBCL and systemic DLBCL. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD68, CD163, CD204, and FOXP3 in 129 primary CNS DLBCL and 165 DLBCL cases. The number of positive cells was determined using image analyzer after virtual microscope scanning. Results: All of tumor-associated immune cells, tumor-infiltrating CD68 (+) TAMs, CD163 (+) or CD204 (+) M2 macrophages, and FOXP3 (+) Tregs were significantly decreased in primary CNS DLBCL compared with systemic DLBCL. However, the ratio of CD163/CD68 (+) cells or CD204/CD68 (+) cells had no significant difference according to primary site. CD163 (+) cells were tend to greater in primary CNS DLBCL associated with advanced ECOG performance status (PS, P = 0.052). FOXP3 (+) cells were decreased in advanced PS (P = 0.015), decreased IELSG prognostic index (P = 0.011), decreased Nottingham/Barcelona score (P = 0.010) and had a tendency to decrease in elevated CSF protein (P = 0.064). In systemic DLBCL, CD68 (+), CD163 (+) and CD204 (+) cells and the ratio of CD163/CD68 (+) and CD204/CD68 (+) cells were significantly greater in systemic DLBCLs associated with EBV (P = 0.005, 0.046, 0.028, 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). CD68 (+) cells were increased in systemic DLBCL patients with the age of < 60 years (P = 0.015). Survival analysis was performed among 100 primary CNS DLBCL patients. An increase in CD68 (+) cells was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively). In contrast, an increase of CD204 (+) cells was related with shorter OS and PFS (P = 0.057 and 0.012, respectively). In multivariate analysis, a decreased CD68 (+) cells and increased CD204 (+) cells were independent predictors of shorter PFS. In 109 DLBCLs treated with R-CHOP, an increase in CD68 (+) cells was related to improved OS (P = 0.033). By contrast, an increased number of CD163 (+) cells and a higher ratio of CD163/CD68 (+) cells were significantly associated with shorter OS (P = 0.041 and 0.003) and PFS (P < 0.001 and 0.002). DLBCL patients with increased Tregs tended to have better prognosis. In multivariate analysis, an increased ratio of CD163/CD68 (+) cells was an independent predictor of shorter OS and PFS. Conclusions: These results suggest that M2 macrophages might have a lymphoma-promoting function in both primary CNS DLBCL and systemic DLBCL, and predict poor clinical outcome. In contrast, CD68 (+) TAMs might have a lymphoma-suppressor function in primary CNS DLBCL and systemic DLBCL treated with R-CHOP, and predict favorable clinical outcome. CD68 (+) TAMs plays an opposite pro-tumoral function in systemic DLBCL in absence of rituximab. The analysis of TAM profiles could be helpful for predicting prognosis of primary CNS and systemic DLBCL patients.Abstract - i Contents - iv List of Tables - vi List of Figures - vii Introduction - 1 Material and Methods - 5 1. Patients - 5 2. Immunohistochemistry - 5 3. Quantitative analysis of TAMs and Tregs by image analysis - 7 4. Statistical analysis - 8 Results - 10 1. Quantitative analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD68, CD163, and CD204 (+) TAMs and FOXP3 (+) Tregs and a comparison between primary CNS DLBCL and systemic DLBC - 10 2. Relationships between clinicopathological features and the number of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, or Tregs in primary CNS DLBCL - 12 3. Relationships between clinicopathological features and the number of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, or Tregs in systemic DLBCLs - 12 4. The number of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, or Tregs and the survival of primary CNS DLBCL patients - 13 5. Independent prognostic implications of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, and Tregs in primary CNS DLBCL patients - 14 6. The number of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, or Tregs and the survival of systemic DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP - 15 7. The number of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, or Tregs and the survival of systemic DLBCL patients treated with CHOP in the absence of rituximab - 16 8. Independent prognostic implications of tumor-infiltrating TAMs, M2 macrophages, and Tregs in systemic DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP - 17 Discussion - 19 References - 26 Korean abstract - 55Docto

Extensive peritumoral edema and brain-to-tumor interface MRI features enable prediction of brain invasion in meningioma: Development and validation

Background: Brain invasion by meningioma is a stand-alone criterion for tumor atypia in the 2016 World Health Organization classification, but no imaging parameter has yet been shown to be sufficient for predicting it. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an MRI-based radiomics model from the brain-to-tumor interface to predict brain invasion by meningioma. Methods: Preoperative T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging data were obtained from 454 patients (88 patients with brain invasion) between 2012 and 2017. Feature selection was performed from 3222 radiomics features obtained in the 1 cm thickness tumor-to-brain interface region using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Peritumoral edema volume, age, sex, and selected radiomics features were used to construct a random forest classifier-based diagnostic model. The performance was evaluated using the areas under the curves (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic in an independent cohort of 150 patients (29 patients with brain invasion) between 2018 and 2019. Results: Volume of peritumoral edema was an independent predictor of brain invasion (P &lt; 0.001). The top 6 interface radiomics features plus the volume of peritumoral edema were selected for model construction. The combined model showed the highest performance for prediction of brain invasion in the training (AUC 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) and validation sets (AUC 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98), and improved diagnostic performance over volume of peritumoral edema only (AUC 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66-0.86). Conclusion: An imaging-based model combining interface radiomics and peritumoral edema can help to predict brain invasion by meningioma and improve the diagnostic performance of known clinical and imaging parameters

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: tumor reclassification and assessment of treatment outcome via the 2016 WHO classification

Purpose: As per the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the classification of central nervous system tumors, solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) constitute a single disease entity, known as SFT/HPC. This study provides a clinical analysis of these tumors and describes the treatment outcomes of SFT/HPCs. Methods: This retrospective study included 76 patients with histopathologically proven SFT/HPC. Reclassification according to the 2016 WHO guideline was done for patients who were diagnosed with SFT or HPC based on the 2007 WHO classification. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated for all patients and subgroups. Results: The median follow-up period was 77.9 months. The median RFS and OS were 126.5 and 136.8 months, respectively. The 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year RFS rates were 93%, 72%, 40%, and 40%, respectively. The 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-year OS rates were 97%, 89%, 54%, and 35%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; p = 0.009, hazard ratio [HR] 6.986), female sex (p = 0.023, HR 1.76), and age over 45 (p = 0.037, HR 2.74) were associated with shorter RFS. Patients who underwent SRS as initial treatment had a shorter OS than that of patients who underwent primary resection (p &lt; 0.001, HR 12.86). Conclusions: High-grade tumors tended to have worse OS and occur extracranial metastases earlier than low-grade tumors. The median RFS was not different between grade II and III tumors. Male sex, younger age, and GTR were associated with a better RFS. A history of SRS before tumor resection was associated with a shorter RFS and OS