201 research outputs found
Changjak Gugak: Tradition and Transformation
As the undertone and polysemy of the word, Changjak Gugak, or composed contemporary korean music, indicates, the word has inevitably been confused and undergone conflicts between the disparate paradigms of "the old" and "the new" in korea as well as between 'Western" and "Korean". The cause of these phenomena may he attributed to the contradictory structure of Korean society since the modern era. To put it differently, Changjak Gugak is a product of these societal contradiction. It is in the interests of Koreans themselves to overcome such conflicts now that they have noticed them, which will eventually lead to the overcoming of the contradictions underlying the Korean music community and by extension the entire Korean society. Then maybe Changjak Gugak can be considered in a fresh context.
1939λ
μ μ°μΈ κΉκΈ°μμ μ μ°½μκ΅μ
μ ν¨μλ‘ λ³Έλ€λ©΄ κ·Έ μμ¬λ μ΄μ 70μ¬λ
μ΄ λμλ€. μ΄μ κΉμ§ λ°νλ κΈ λλΆλΆμ μ°½μκ΅μ
μ¬λ₯Ό μ곑κ°μ μν μμ£Όλ‘ μμ νκ³ μλλ°, κ·Έ νκ°μ μμ΄ μμ μ ν¬μ»€μ€λ₯Ό μ΄λ€ μΈ‘λ©΄(μ μΉ/μ¬ν λλ μμ /λ¬Έν)μ λ λ§μΆλλμ λ°λΌ ν¬κ² 보μ λ νΈμΌλ‘ λ립λλ μμμ΄λ€. νμλ―Όμ£Όμ(postcolonialism)μ κ΄μ μμ μ΄λ°μ¬λ‘κΈ°μ κ²°λΆλ κ²μ λν νΉλ
ν λΉνμ λ΄λ¦¬κ±°λ, μλλ©΄ μμ
μ¬ λ΄λΆμ λ°μ μ μκ°μ λ§μΆμ΄ κ·Έ κ°μΉλ₯Ό λμ΄ μ°λ€. μ΄μ κ°μ μλΆν νμμ μ°½μκ΅μ
μ°κ΅¬λΏλ§μ΄ μλλΌ νκ΅ κ·Όλμ¬ μ°κ΅¬μ μ λ°μ μΈ νΉμ§μ΄λ€. λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μ°½μκ΅μ
μ λ°μκ³Ό λ³νμ 볡ν©μ μΈ μ¬νꡬ쑰μμ μ κΈ°μ κ΄κ³ μμμ λΆμν΄λ³΄λ μλμ΄λ€. 첫째, μ°½μκ΅μ
μ©μ΄μ λ΄ν¬λμ΄μλ μ΄μ€μ±κ³Ό λ€μ(ε€ζ)μ±μ λΆμν΄λ³΄κ³ , λμ§Έ, μ°½μκ΅μ
μμ ꡬ체μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ€ μμ
μ νμλ€μ΄ μ΄λ€ κ³Όμ μ κ±°μ³ μ΄λ ν ννλ‘ λ³νλκ³ μλμ§λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄λ³΄λ©°, μ
μ§Έ, κ·Έ μμΈκ³Ό μ΄μ λ μ΄λμ μλμ§ λΌλ μ§λ¬Έμ μ κ·Όν΄λ³Έλ€. λ§μ§λ§μ μ°λ¦¬κ° λ³νμ λν΄ μ΄λ ν μκ°μ κ°μ§ κ²μΈκ°μ λν κ²μ΄λ€
κ΄μμ§μ체μ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ νκ°
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ νκ²½λνμ : νκ²½κ³ννκ³Ό, 2013. 8. μ€μμ§.μ μΈκ³μ μΌλ‘ κΈ°νλ³νμ μν₯κ³Ό νΌν΄λ₯Ό μ€μ΄κΈ° μν λμλ
Έλ ₯μ΄ νλ°ν΄μ§κ³ μλ κ°μ΄λ° μ¨μ€κ°μ€ κ°μΆμ μ§μ€λμλ λμμ 2000λ
λ μ΄ν μ μμΌλ‘ νλλκ³ μλ€. λν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μνλμ μΌμμ μΈ μν©λ³΄λ€λ κΈ°μμ΄λ³μΌλ‘λΆν° λ°μνλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, κΈ°μμ΄λ³ λ°μ μ΄μ μ μ€μ²μ μ΄λμ΄λΌ μ μλ μ λΆμ°¨μμ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ΄ νμνλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ μκ΅, λ―Έκ΅, νΈμ£Ό, νλλ, λ©μμ½ λ± μΈκ³ κ° κ΅κ°μμ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ΄ μ립λμ΄ μ€νλκ³ μλ€. κ΅λ΄μμλ 2010λ
μ κ΅κ°μ μλμ±
, 2012λ
μλ κ΄μμ§μ체μ μ μλμ±
μΈλΆμνκ³νμ΄ μ립 μλ£λμκ³ , ν₯ν κΈ°μ΄μ§μ체μ μ μκ³ν μ립 μ무νκ° μνλ μμ μ΄λ€.
μ λΆμ°¨μμμ μ립ν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ΄ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ΄νλκΈ° μν΄μλ ν©λ¦¬μ μ΄κ³ λ―Όμ£Όμ μΈ κ³ν μ립과μ μ΄ νμμ μ΄λ€. μ μ ν κ³νμ립과μ μ λ°λΌ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ μ립νλ€λ©΄ λ³΄λ€ νμ€μ μ΄κ³ μ€μ² κ°λ₯ν κ³νμ μ립ν μ μμΌλ©°, ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ κ³ν μ΄ν κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λν μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. κ° μ§μμμ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ΄ μ립λκ³ μμ§λ§, νμ¬λ κ³ν μ립 μ΄κΈ° λ¨κ³λ‘ μ μκ³νκ³Ό μ μκ³ν νκ°μ λν μ°κ΅¬κ° λ―ΈλΉν μ€μ μ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μν©μμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ κ΅λ΄ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ νκ°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κ³νμ립과μ κ³Ό λ΄μ©μ κ°μ κ³Ό μ½μ μ νμ
νκ³ ν₯ν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립μ λ°μ λ°©ν₯μ μ μνλ κ²μ λͺ©μ μΌλ‘ μνλμλ€.
κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν νκ°λ₯Ό μν΄ 2012λ
μ립 μλ£λ μ κ΅ 16κ° κ΄μμ§μ체 κΈ°νλ³ν μ μλμ±
μΈλΆμνκ³ν λ³΄κ³ μλ₯Ό μμ§νμ¬ λ¬Ένμ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ€μνμλ€. κ°κ°μ κ΄μμ§μ체μ κ³νμ립과μ μ μμ λ° μ§μ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ λΆμνμμΌλ©°, λ³΄λ€ μ²΄κ³μ μΈ λΆμμ μν΄ μ νμ°κ΅¬μ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μ κ°μ΄λλΌμΈ λΆμ, μ λ¬Έκ° μλ¬Έμ λ°μν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν νκ°λΆμνμ μ€μ νμλ€. μ΅μ’
μ€μ λ λΆμνμ λͺ©νμ립, νν©μ‘°μ¬, μμ¬κ²°μ , μ€ν λ° νκ°μ 4κ° λλΆλ₯μ μ΄ 17κ°μ μΈλΆκ³Όμ λ€λ‘ ꡬμ±νμμΌλ©°, κ°κ°μ κ³Όμ λ³ μ μμ νκ°κΈ°μ€μ ν¬ν¨νμλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ΄ μ€μ ν λΆμνμ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ κ° κ΄μμ§μ체μ μ μκ³ν μΈλΆκ³Όμ μ λΆμνμ¬ κΈ°μ€μ λ°λΌ μ μλ₯Ό λΆμ¬νμλ€. μΆκ°μ μΌλ‘ κ³νμ립과μ μ μ°Έμ¬μ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ νκ°κ²°κ³Όμμ μ°κ³μ±μ κ²ν νμλ€.
κ΄μμ§μμ²΄λ³ μ μκ³ν νκ° κ²°κ³Ό, μ§μμ²΄λ³ μ΄μ μ λΆμν λ§μ κΈ°μ€μ 25~50% ꡬκ°μ μ‘΄μ¬νμκ³ , λͺ¨λ μΈλΆκ³Όμ κΈ°μ€μ μλ²½νκ² λ§μ‘±νλ μ§μ체λ μ‘΄μ¬νμ§ μμλ€. μ 체 νκ· μ μλ 15.56μ μΌλ‘ λ§μ κΈ°μ€μ 45.77%λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±νκ³ μμλ€. μ΄κ²μ λΆμνμμ μ μν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ μ΄μμ μΈ μ μκ³νμ΄λΌκ³ κ°μ νμ λ κ΅λ΄ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μμ κ°μ ν μ μ΄ μλΉμ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€λ κ²μ μλ―Ένλ€. 17κ° μΈλΆκ³Όμ μ€ κΈ°νμΈμ νκ°, μ€ν, λͺ©νμ€μ κ³Όμ μ 16κ° μ§μ체 λλΆλΆμ΄ κΈ°μ€μ μΆ©μ‘±μμΌ°κ³ , λ°λ©΄μ μμ¬μν΅κ³Ό μ§μνλ, λͺ¨λν°λ§, νκ°, κ²ν , μΈμ μλ³Έ νκ° κ³Όμ μ κ°μ₯ λ―Έν‘νλ κ²μΌλ‘ νκ°λμλ€. μ΄λ κ΅λ΄ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν κ²ν λ° νκ° μ²΄κ³ κ΅¬μΆκ³Ό κΈ°νλ³ν μ μ μ λ¬Έ μΈλ ₯ μμ±μ νμμ±μ λνλΈλ€.
νκ° μ΄μ μμμ§μ체λ κ²½κΈ°λ, μΈμ°κ΄μμ, λꡬκ΄μμμμΌλ©°, κ³νμ립과μ μμ μ΄ν΄λΉμ¬μ μ°Έμ¬κ° μλμ μΌλ‘ νμ±νλμλ€κ³ νκ°λ μ§μ체λ€κ³Ό μΌμΉνλ κ²½ν₯μ 보μλ€. μ΄κ²μ μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μμμ μ°Έμ¬κ³Όμ μ΄ λ―Όμ£Όμ μ΄κ³ ν¬λͺ
ν μλ‘ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ κ³ν μ립μ κΈ°μ¬νλ€λ κ²μ μλ―Ένλ€. λ°λΌμ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μ 곡곡, λ―Όκ°, νκ³ λ±μ λ€μν μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³μλ€μ μ°Έμ¬λ₯Ό νμ±ννλ©΄ λ³΄λ€ μ€μ©μ μ΄κ³ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ κ³νμ μ립ν μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ κ΅λ΄ 16κ° κ΄μμ§μ체 κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μ κ°μ κ³Ό μ½μ μ λΆμνκ³ λ°μ λ°©μμ μ μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨, ν₯ν μλ‘μ΄ κ³ν μ립과 μ§μμ μΌλ‘ κ°±μ μ΄ νμν κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ¬μ립μ νμ©λ μ μλ€. ν₯ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μ μ°Έμ¬ν λ΄λΉμλ€κ³Ό μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³μλ€μ λν μΈν°λ·°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ립과μ μ λν μΆκ°μ μΈ μ°κ΅¬κ° μνλκ³ , μ μκ³ν μ립μ΄νμ μ΄νκ³Όμ κ³Ό μ΄νμ±κ³Όμ λν μ°κ΅¬κ° μ§νλλ€λ©΄ λ³΄λ€ μλ―Έ μλ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μ μ°κ΅¬λ‘ λ°μ ν μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€. ν₯ν μ΄λ¬ν μ°κ΅¬λ€μ λ°μνμ¬ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³νμ΄ μ립λκ³ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ΄νλλ€λ©΄ κ΅κ°μ μ§μμ°¨μμ κΈ°νλ³ν μ μλ₯λ ₯ ν₯μμ κΈ°μ¬ν κ²μ΄λ€.λͺ© μ°¨
β
. μλ‘ 1
1. μ°κ΅¬ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ 1
2. μ°κ΅¬ λ²μμ λ°©λ² 3
β
‘. μ΄λ‘ μ κ³ μ°°κ³Ό μ νμ°κ΅¬ 6
1. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μ 6
2. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν 8
3. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν νκ° 10
β
’. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν λΆμν μ€μ 13
1. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μμΉ 13
2. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν μ립과μ μ€μ 15
3. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μ κ°μ΄λλΌμΈ λΆμ 16
4. μ΅μ’
νκ°λΆμν μ€μ 22
β
£. μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Ό 29
1. κΈ°νλ³ν μ μκ³ν λΆμν μ μ© 29
1) λͺ©νμ립 λ¨κ³ 20
2) νν©μ‘°μ¬ λ¨κ³ 31
3) μμ¬κ²°μ λ¨κ³ 38
4) μ€ν λ° νκ° λ¨κ³ 45
5) νκ° μ’
ν© 49
2. κ³νκ³Όμ μ°Έμ¬μ λΆμ 53
β
€. κ²°λ‘ 58
1. μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όμ μμ¬μ 58
2. μ°κ΅¬μ νκ³μ ν₯ν κ³Όμ 61Maste
Role of CT and MRI in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer
In the preoperative evaluation of the patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer, we aimed
to review the basics for the acquisition and interpretation of CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging) and to describe imaging checklists that radiologists should know about. Familiarity with
CT and MRI checklists in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid cancer may help surgeons in treatment planning
and patient management.ope
Intercultural acceptance and appropriation of music : A comparison between Korean and Germany
This paper aims at diversely exploring the intercultural acceptance and appropriation of music in Korea and Germany from the standpoint of the current 'transcultural studies' combined with comparative approaches. Firstly, the situations, in which the 'German music' was accepted in Korea and the 'Korean music' in Germany, are compared. Secondly, the disproportionate relation this comparison reveals is examined in terms of its causes and reasons. Thirdly, taking account of this disproportionate relation, new approaches to the music between cultures are suggested. And finally the spatial field which develops with the intercultural exchange of music is discussed and new meanings are attached to the intercultural relation between Korea and Germany.19μΈκΈ°μ 20μΈκΈ° μ λ°μ λ―Όμ‘±μ£Όμ μλλ₯Ό κ±°μΉλ©΄μ λ¬Ένλ₯Ό κ΅κ°λ μ¬νμ²λΌ μν μ μΌλ‘ λΆλ¦¬λ νλμ λ―Όμ‘±μ λ¨μλ‘ λ³΄λ μκ°μ΄ μ μ°©λμλ€. μ΄λ° μκ°μλ κ° λ―Όμ‘±μ λ³Έμ§μ£Όμμ λμ§μ±μ λν λ―Ώμμ΄ λ°νμ΄ λλ€. λ°λΌμ μ΄λ¬Ένκ°(intercultural)μ κ΅λ₯, κ²°ν©, ν‘μμ νμμ μνν νκ±°λ μλλ©΄ κ·Έ νμ μ체λ₯Ό μμ λΆμΈνλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μ£Όλμ μ΄μλ€. μ 2μ°¨ μΈκ³λμ μ΄ν μ΄λ° λ―Όμ‘±μ£Όμλ‘ κ°νλ μκ°μ λ¬Έμ μ μ΄ μΈμλ μ μλ μ μ μ‘°κ±΄μ΄ νμ±λμκ³ , 1970λ
λλΆν°λ λ¬Ένμ λν μκ°μ λ³νκ° κ΅κ° λ° μ¬νμ λν μκ°μ λ³νμ ν¨κ» μ μ°¨ μΆκ΅¬λκ³ μλ μ€μ΄λ€. μ΄λ° λ³νκ³Όμ μ μ μ΄μ¬(Transfer history), κΈλ‘λ²μ¬(Global history), νΈλμ€ μμ¬(Trans History)μ κ°μ μλ‘μ΄ μμ¬νλΆμΌλ€μ μ€μν μν μ νκ³ μλ€. λν λ¬ΈννΌμ’
μ±(Cultural hybridity), λ¬Ένλ€μ€μ±(Multiculturality), κ°λ¬Ένμ±(Interculturality), νΈλμ€λ¬Ένμ±(Transculturality) λ±μ νμμ λ€λ£¨λ μ΅κ·Όμ λ¬Έννμ μ°κ΅¬λΆμΌλ€λ ν λͺ«μ νκ³ μλ€. λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ° μλ‘μ΄ μμ¬ λ° λ¬Ένμ°κ΅¬λ€μ μ°κ³νλ©΄μ, λλΆμ΄ μ΄λ° μ°κ΅¬λ€κ³Ό λΉκ΅νμ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ λͺ©μμΌ λ³΄λ μλμ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬Ένκ° μμ
μ μμ©κ³Ό μ΅λμ νκ΅κ³Ό λ
μΌμ λΉκ΅μμ λ€κ°μ μΌλ‘ λ€λ£¨μ΄ 보λ κ²μ κ³Όμ λ‘ νλ€. 첫째, νκ΅μμ λ
μΌμμ
μ΄ μμ©λκ³ , λ
μΌμμ νκ΅μμ
μ΄ μμ©λλ μν©μ μλ‘ λΉκ΅νκ³ , λμ§Έ, μ΄ λΉκ΅λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λλ¬λλ λΆκ· νμ κ΄κ³μ μμΈκ³Ό μ΄μ μ μ κ·Όνλ©°, μ
μ§Έ, μ΄λ° λΆκ· νμ μ μ λ‘ νλ μ΄λ¬Ένκ° μμ
μ μ΅λλ°©μμ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ λΆμνλ€. λ§μ§λ§μ μ΄λ° μμ
μμ©κ³Ό μ΅λμΌλ‘ νμ±λλ 곡κ°μ±μ ν λλ‘ νκ΅κ³Ό λ
μΌ μ¬μ΄μ μ΄λ¬Ένμ κ΄κ³μ μλ‘μ΄ μλ―Έλ₯Ό λΆμ¬νλ κ²μ΄λ€
CT features of thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcifications detected by ultrasonography
Purpose: A thyroid nodule with an isolated macrocalcification is visualized as a calcified nodule with complete posterior shadowing on ultrasonography (US). This study aimed to determine the computed tomography (CT) features of isolated macrocalcifications detected using US.
Methods: This study included 20 patients who had thyroid nodules with isolated macroalcifications and underwent neck CT or chest CT. The patients were enrolled from a sample of 82 patients with isolated macrocalcifications detected by US drawn from 7,142 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid biopsy at two institutions. We evaluated the CT features of nodules with isolated macrocalcifications and categorized them as central or rim calcifications. We assessed the nodule size and the frequency of nondiagnostic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results and malignant tumors according to the CT features of isolated macrocalcifications.
Results: CT scans showed central calcifications in 18 (90.0%) and rim calcifications in two (10.0%) of the 20 nodules with isolated macrocalcifications. Among the 18 nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications, complete compact calcification was found in six nodules and partial coarse calcification in 12 nodules. In 18 nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications, the nondiagnostic FNA rate and frequency of malignant tumors were not significantly different between complete and partial central calcifications (P=0.620 and P=0.999, respectively). Malignant tumors were only found in nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications.
Conclusion: The majority of nodules with isolated macrocalcifications showed central calcifications on CT. Thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcifications detected by US should not be classified as having a type of rim or peripheral calcification.ope
Comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography for detecting the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland: a prospective multicenter study
OBJECTIVE: To compare the detection rates of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland (TPL) using ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in a prospective multi-center study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 582 patients who underwent neck CT at six institutions. Each radiologist prospectively evaluated the presence and features of TPLs on thyroid US. Radiologists were divided into two groups according to their previous experience in detecting TPL on US or CT. The same radiologist also retrospectively assessed CT findings, blinded to the corresponding US findings.
RESULTS: The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid glands were detected in 230 cases (39.5%) on US and in 276 cases (47.6%) on CT. The TPL detection rate at the six institutions ranged from 22.0% to 59% for US and from 34.1% to 59% using CT. There were significant differences between US and CT in the detection rate, length, anteroposterior diameter, volume, and superior extent of TPL (p β€ 0.027). The TPL detection rates on both US and CT (p < 0.001) differed significantly according to the experience level of the radiologists. When the CT result was used as a reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as the accuracy of US for TPL detection were 72.6%, 91.5%, 89.3%, 77.3%, and 82.1%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our prospective multicenter study revealed that US could detect TPL with relatively high diagnostic accuracy compared to CT. Because the detection rate of TPL varied significantly according to the radiologists' level of experience, careful inspection is necessary to avoid imaging pitfalls and ensure appropriate evaluation of TPL on both US and CT.ope
Korean Music Culture and Eurocentrism [Centrism of West]
The article considers at the notion of cultural eurocentrism (respectively, centrism of the West) and its relationship to colonialism including aspects of neocolonialism. Furthermore, the contexts and background of East Asian eurocentrism are examined, especially those that are relevant for Korea. The consequences and problems of Korean eurocentrism are taken into account, such as its impact on Korean tradition and artificial heritage. Thus the apt development of Korean music culture in the 21st century is discussed as well.
21μΈκΈ°μ μ°λ¦¬λ μ°λ¦¬λ¬Ένμ κ°μΉλ₯Ό κ³ μ λ°μ μμΌ κΈλ‘λ²ν νλ κ²μ νλμ μ§νλ‘ μΌκ³ μλ€. νλνλ₯Ό λͺ©μ μΌλ‘ μꡬλΌλ μ΄μμ ν₯ν΄ μ¨κ°μκ² λ¬λ¦¬λ 20μΈκΈ°λ₯Ό λ³΄λΈ μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄μ νκ²° μμμμ μ°Ύκ² λμκ³ κ·Έλ¬ν νλλ‘ μΈμμ λ°λΌλ³΄κ³ μλ€. μ΄μ κΉμ§ μ λμ μΌλ‘ μ°μνλ€κ³ μ¬κ²Όλ μꡬ문νμ μμ‘΄μ±μμλ μ‘°κΈμ μμ λ‘μμ‘λ€κ³ λ³Ό μ μλ€. μ°λ¦¬ κ³ μ λ¬Ένμ λν μλΆμ¬λ μ μ°¨ μ겨λκ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ°λ¦¬μκ²λ μ¬μ ν μꡬ주μκ° λΏλ¦¬ κΉκ² λ¨μ μλ€. μ°λ¦¬λ κΈλ‘λ²νλ₯Ό μ¬λ‘건μΌλ‘ λ΄κ±Έκ³ μμΌλ μ€μμ μΈκ³μ λ€μν λ¬Ένλ€μ΄λ λ¬Ένλ€ κ°μ κ΅λ₯μλ κ΄μ¬μ΄ μ κ³ μꡬμ κ·Ήμμ λλΌλ€μ΄ κ°κ³ μλ λ¬Ένμ μμ©μλ§ κΈκΈνκ³ μλ€. λμ±μ΄ νν μ΄ μμ λλΌλ€μ λ¬Ένμ μ·¨ν₯μ μ°λ¦¬ κ²μΌλ‘, λμκ°μ μ°λ¦¬λ¬Ένμ μ²λλ‘ μΌλλ€. μ¦, μ°λ¦¬λ μμ§λ μꡬ μ€μ¬μ μΈ κ΅¬μ‘°μ μΈ λ³μμ ν€μ΄λμ§ λͺ»νκ³ μλ€. μ΄ μν©μ νΉν μμ
λ¬Ένμμ λλλ¬μ§κ² λλ¬λλ€
μΈλν곡κ°μ μ μ΄λ¦Όνμ λ‘ μ€μΈλ λΉλ μκ²½λΆκ΅κ°μ κ²½μ : μ¦λ‘ 보κ³
The superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, the largest and most cranial of the three cervical sympathetic ganglia, transfers sympathetic signals to specific targets on the head and neck. This ganglion is located just lateral to the retropharyngeal space along the medial margin of the carotid sheath. Located thus, an enlarged superior cervical sympathetic ganglion can mimic a metastatic lymph node in the retropharyngeal space of the suprahyoid neck in head and neck cancer patients. However, this is often disregarded by radiologists due to lack of interest in its anatomic location. We present a case of an enlarged superior cervical sympathetic ganglion mimicking a retropharyngeal metastatic lymph node in a 42-year-old man with oral tongue cancer.ope
Comparison of 3D Volumetric Subtraction Technique and 2D Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Technique in the Evaluation of Contrast Enhancement for Diagnosing Cushing's Disease
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the T1 3D subtraction technique and the conventional 2D dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) technique in diagnosing Cushing's disease.
Materials and Methods
Twelve patients with clinically and biochemically proven Cushing's disease were included in the study. In addition, 23 patients with a Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) diagnosed on an MRI with normal pituitary hormone levels were included as a control, to prevent non-blinded positive results. Postcontrast T1 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images were acquired after DCE images in 3T MRI and image subtraction of pre- and postcontrast T1 3D FSE images were performed. Inter-observer agreement, interpretation time, multiobserver receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and net benefit analyses were performed to compare 2D DCE and T1 3D subtraction techniques.
Results
Inter-observer agreement for a visual scale of contrast enhancement was poor in DCE (ΞΊ = 0.57) and good in T1 3D subtraction images (ΞΊ = 0.75). The time taken for determining contrast-enhancement in pituitary lesions was significantly shorter in the T1 3D subtraction images compared to the DCE sequence (P < 0.05). ROC values demonstrated increased reader confidence range with T1 3D subtraction images (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94β1.00) compared with DCE (95% CI: 0.70β0.92) (P < 0.01). The net benefit effect of T1 3D subtraction images over DCE was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.12β0.56). For Cushing's disease, both reviewers misclassified one case as a nonenhancing lesion on the DCE images, while no cases were misclassified on T1 3D subtraction images.
Conclusion
The T1 3D subtraction technique shows superior performance for determining the presence of enhancement on pituitary lesions compared with conventional DCE techniques, which may aid in diagnosing Cushing's disease.ope
The Correlation Between MRI and Operative Finding in Bellβs Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
We investigated the correlation between gadolinium enhanced MRI finding and swelling segments of facial nerve in patients with in Bellβs Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome. From 1995 to 2004, an MRI was performed on 13 patients with Bellβs Palsy or Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. These patients were offered a surgical decompression of facial nerve through middle cranial fossa. They were evaluated to assess the time to MRI and to operation after onset, the site of facial nerve enhancement, operative finding of facial nerve and initial/ postoperative severity of facial palsy.
The swelling of facial nerve segments is found in patients with enhanced facial nerve during an MRI. In particular, the swelling of facial nerve is identified in all patients with enhanced facial nerves in the labyrinthine segment. Respectively, the swelling of geniculate ganglion and tympanic segment of the facial nerve accounts for 78% and 43% of patients with enhanced facial segment during an MRI (p<0.05). The incidence of swelling of tympanic segment, increases and decreases over the course of time following surgery after the onset of paralysis. In summary, an MRI enhancement of facial nerves in Bellβs Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is well associated with the extent of intratemporal lesions in facial nerves.ope
- β¦