201 research outputs found

    Changjak Gugak: Tradition and Transformation

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    As the undertone and polysemy of the word, Changjak Gugak, or composed contemporary korean music, indicates, the word has inevitably been confused and undergone conflicts between the disparate paradigms of "the old" and "the new" in korea as well as between 'Western" and "Korean". The cause of these phenomena may he attributed to the contradictory structure of Korean society since the modern era. To put it differently, Changjak Gugak is a product of these societal contradiction. It is in the interests of Koreans themselves to overcome such conflicts now that they have noticed them, which will eventually lead to the overcoming of the contradictions underlying the Korean music community and by extension the entire Korean society. Then maybe Changjak Gugak can be considered in a fresh context. 1939년에 쓰인 κΉ€κΈ°μˆ˜μ˜ 을 μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•…μ˜ νš¨μ‹œλ‘œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” 이제 70여년이 λ„˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ λ°œν‘œλœ κΈ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•…μ‚¬λ₯Ό μž‘κ³‘κ°€μ™€ μž‘ν’ˆ μœ„μ£Όλ‘œ μ„œμˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°, κ·Έ 평가에 μžˆμ–΄ μ„œμˆ μ˜ 포컀슀λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–€ μΈ‘λ©΄(μ •μΉ˜/μ‚¬νšŒ λ˜λŠ” 예술/λ¬Έν™”)에 더 λ§žμΆ”λŠλƒμ— 따라 크게 보아 두 편으둜 λŒ€λ¦½λ˜λŠ” 양상이닀. νƒˆμ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜(postcolonialism)적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ΄λ°μ˜¬λ‘œκΈ°μ™€ κ²°λΆ€λœ 것에 λŒ€ν•œ ν˜Ήλ…ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ„ λ‚΄λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μŒμ•…μ‚¬ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ λ°œμ „μ— μ‹œκ°μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 높이 μ‚°λ‹€. 이와 같은 μ–‘λΆ„ν™” ν˜„μƒμ€ μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•… μ—°κ΅¬λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•œκ΅­ κ·ΌλŒ€μ‚¬ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ νŠΉμ§•μ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•…μ˜ λ°œμƒκ³Ό λ³€ν™˜μ„ 볡합적인 μ‚¬νšŒκ΅¬μ‘°μ™€μ˜ 유기적 관계 μ†μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ„ν•΄λ³΄λŠ” μ‹œλ„μ΄λ‹€. 첫째, μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•… μš©μ–΄μ— λ‚΄ν¬λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 이쀑성과 λ‹€μ˜(ε€šζ„)성을 뢄석해보고, λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ°½μž‘κ΅­μ•…μ—μ„œ ꡬ체적으둜 μ–΄λ–€ μŒμ•…μ  ν˜„μƒλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ 과정을 거쳐 μ–΄λ– ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ³€ν™˜λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©°, μ…‹μ§Έ, κ·Έ 원인과 μ΄μœ λŠ” 어디에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— μ ‘κ·Όν•΄λ³Έλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³€ν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ‹œκ°μ„ 가진 것인가에 λŒ€ν•œ 것이닀

    κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ • 평가

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν™˜κ²½λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν™˜κ²½κ³„νšν•™κ³Ό, 2013. 8. μœ€μˆœμ§„.μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”μ˜ 영ν–₯κ³Ό ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•œ λŒ€μ‘λ…Έλ ₯이 ν™œλ°œν•΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ°€μš΄λ° μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ 감좕에 μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ λŒ€μ‘μ€ 2000λ…„λŒ€ 이후 μ μ‘μœΌλ‘œ ν™•λŒ€λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘ν™œλ™μ€ 일상적인 μƒν™©λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κΈ°μƒμ΄λ³€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 기상이변 λ°œμƒ 이전에 μ‹€μ²œμ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ •λΆ€μ°¨μ›μ˜ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 이에 따라 영ꡭ, λ―Έκ΅­, 호주, ν•€λž€λ“œ, λ©•μ‹œμ½” λ“± 세계 각 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄ μˆ˜λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μ‹€ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 2010년에 κ΅­κ°€μ μ‘λŒ€μ±…, 2012λ…„μ—λŠ” κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ μ μ‘λŒ€μ±… μ„ΈλΆ€μ‹œν–‰κ³„νšμ΄ 수립 μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆκ³ , ν–₯ν›„ κΈ°μ΄ˆμ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ μ μ‘κ³„νš 수립 μ˜λ¬΄ν™”κ°€ μ‹œν–‰λ  μ˜ˆμ •μ΄λ‹€. μ •λΆ€μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄ 효과적으둜 μ΄ν–‰λ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 합리적이고 민주적인 κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ΄ ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. μ μ ˆν•œ κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ— 따라 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 보닀 ν˜„μ‹€μ μ΄κ³  μ‹€μ²œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•  수 있으며, 효과적인 κ³„νš 이행 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 각 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄ 수립되고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, ν˜„μž¬λŠ” κ³„νš 수립 초기 λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ μ‘κ³„νšκ³Ό μ μ‘κ³„νš 평가에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 λ―ΈλΉ„ν•œ 싀정이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ • 평가λ₯Ό 톡해 κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •κ³Ό λ‚΄μš©μ˜ 강점과 약점을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  ν–₯ν›„ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 수립의 λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 2012λ…„ 수립 μ™„λ£Œλœ μ „κ΅­ 16개 κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘λŒ€μ±… μ„ΈλΆ€μ‹œν–‰κ³„νš λ³΄κ³ μ„œλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έν—Œμ—°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 각각의 κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ„ 양적 및 질적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 보닀 체계적인 뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ 선행연ꡬ와 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응 κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈ 뢄석, μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μžλ¬Έμ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 평가뢄석틀을 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΅œμ’… μ„€μ •λœ 뢄석틀은 λͺ©ν‘œμˆ˜λ¦½, ν˜„ν™©μ‘°μ‚¬, μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •, μ‹€ν–‰ 및 ν‰κ°€μ˜ 4개 λŒ€λΆ„λ₯˜μ™€ 총 17개의 μ„ΈλΆ€κ³Όμ •λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 각각의 과정별 μ •μ˜μ™€ 평가기쀀을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같이 μ„€μ •ν•œ 뢄석틀을 기반으둜 각 κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄μ˜ μ μ‘κ³„νš 세뢀과정을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ 기쀀에 따라 점수λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬μž 뢄석을 톡해 ν‰κ°€κ²°κ³Όμ™€μ˜ 연계성을 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄λ³„ μ μ‘κ³„νš 평가 κ²°κ³Ό, μ§€μžμ²΄λ³„ 총점은 뢄석틀 λ§Œμ κΈ°μ€€μ˜ 25~50% ꡬ간에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , λͺ¨λ“  μ„ΈλΆ€κ³Όμ • 기쀀을 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” μ§€μžμ²΄λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 전체 평균 μ μˆ˜λŠ” 15.56점으둜 λ§Œμ κΈ°μ€€μ˜ 45.77%λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이것은 λΆ„μ„ν‹€μ—μ„œ μ •μ˜ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ„ 이상적인 μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄λΌκ³  κ°€μ •ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ΅­λ‚΄ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ°œμ„ ν•  점이 μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. 17개 μ„ΈλΆ€κ³Όμ • 쀑 κΈ°ν›„μΈμž 평가, μ‹€ν–‰, λͺ©ν‘œμ„€μ • 과정은 16개 μ§€μžμ²΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 기쀀을 μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œμΌ°κ³ , λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅κ³Ό μ§€μ›ν™œλ™, λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§, 평가, κ²€ν† , 인적자본 평가 과정은 κ°€μž₯ λ―Έν‘ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš κ²€ν†  및 평가 체계 ꡬ좕과 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응 μ „λ¬Έ 인λ ₯ μ–‘μ„±μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. 평가 총점 μƒμœ„μ§€μžμ²΄λŠ” 경기도, μšΈμ‚°κ΄‘μ—­μ‹œ, λŒ€κ΅¬κ΄‘μ—­μ‹œμ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄λ‹Ήμ‚¬μž μ°Έμ—¬κ°€ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν‰κ°€λœ μ§€μžμ²΄λ“€κ³Ό μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 이것은 μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œμ˜ 참여과정이 민주적이고 투λͺ…ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 효과적인 κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ— 곡곡, λ―Όκ°„, 학계 λ“±μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜λ©΄ 보닀 μ‹€μš©μ μ΄κ³  효과적인 κ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ 16개 κ΄‘μ—­μ§€μžμ²΄ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ˜ 강점과 약점을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  λ°œμ „λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, ν–₯ν›„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³„νš 수립과 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 갱신이 ν•„μš”ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μž¬μˆ˜λ¦½μ— ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. ν–₯ν›„ μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžλ“€κ³Ό μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 좔가적인 연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜κ³ , μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½μ΄ν›„μ˜ 이행과정과 이행성과에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λœλ‹€λ©΄ 보닀 의미 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. ν–₯ν›„ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ듀을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νšμ΄ 수립되고 효과적으둜 μ΄ν–‰λœλ‹€λ©΄ ꡭ가와 μ§€μ—­μ°¨μ›μ˜ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응λŠ₯λ ₯ ν–₯상에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•  것이닀.λͺ© μ°¨ β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ λ²”μœ„μ™€ 방법 3 β…‘. 이둠적 κ³ μ°°κ³Ό 선행연ꡬ 6 1. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응 6 2. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 8 3. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 평가 10 β…’. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 뢄석틀 μ„€μ • 13 1. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 원칙 13 2. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½κ³Όμ • μ„€μ • 15 3. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 적응 κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈ 뢄석 16 4. μ΅œμ’… 평가뢄석틀 μ„€μ • 22 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 29 1. κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ μ‘κ³„νš 뢄석틀 적용 29 1) λͺ©ν‘œμˆ˜λ¦½ 단계 20 2) ν˜„ν™©μ‘°μ‚¬ 단계 31 3) μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • 단계 38 4) μ‹€ν–‰ 및 평가 단계 45 5) 평가 μ’…ν•© 49 2. κ³„νšκ³Όμ • μ°Έμ—¬μž 뢄석 53 β…€. κ²°λ‘  58 1. 연ꡬ 결과와 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  58 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ™€ ν–₯ν›„ 과제 61Maste

    Role of CT and MRI in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer

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    In the preoperative evaluation of the patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer, we aimed to review the basics for the acquisition and interpretation of CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and to describe imaging checklists that radiologists should know about. Familiarity with CT and MRI checklists in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid cancer may help surgeons in treatment planning and patient management.ope

    Intercultural acceptance and appropriation of music : A comparison between Korean and Germany

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    This paper aims at diversely exploring the intercultural acceptance and appropriation of music in Korea and Germany from the standpoint of the current 'transcultural studies' combined with comparative approaches. Firstly, the situations, in which the 'German music' was accepted in Korea and the 'Korean music' in Germany, are compared. Secondly, the disproportionate relation this comparison reveals is examined in terms of its causes and reasons. Thirdly, taking account of this disproportionate relation, new approaches to the music between cultures are suggested. And finally the spatial field which develops with the intercultural exchange of music is discussed and new meanings are attached to the intercultural relation between Korea and Germany.19세기와 20μ„ΈκΈ° μ „λ°˜μ˜ 민쑱주의 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό κ±°μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό κ΅­κ°€λ‚˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ²˜λŸΌ μ˜ν† μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ¦¬λœ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 민쑱적 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ λ³΄λŠ” μ‹œκ°μ΄ μ •μ°©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이런 μ‹œκ°μ—λŠ” 각 민쑱의 λ³Έμ§ˆμ£Όμ˜μ™€ λ™μ§ˆμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 믿음이 바탕이 λœλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 이문화간(intercultural)의 ꡐλ₯˜, κ²°ν•©, 흑수의 ν˜„μƒμ„ μ†Œν™€νžˆ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ·Έ ν˜„μƒ 자체λ₯Ό μ•„μ˜ˆ λΆ€μΈν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μ£Όλ„μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 제2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ 이후 이런 민쑱주의둜 κ°•ν™”λœ μ‹œκ°μ˜ 문제점이 인식될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ „μ œμ‘°κ±΄μ΄ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 1970λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„°λŠ” 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œκ°μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ κ΅­κ°€ 및 μ‚¬νšŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œκ°μ˜ 변화와 ν•¨κ»˜ 점차 μΆ”κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 쀑이닀. 이런 변화과정에 전이사(Transfer history), κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œμ‚¬(Global history), 트랜슀 역사(Trans History)와 같은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 역사학뢄야듀은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ¬Έν™”ν˜Όμ’…μ„±(Cultural hybridity), 문화닀쀑성(Multiculturality), κ°„λ¬Έν™”μ„±(Interculturality), νŠΈλžœμŠ€λ¬Έν™”μ„±(Transculturality) λ“±μ˜ ν˜„μƒμ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 졜근의 문화학적 연ꡬ뢄야듀도 ν•œ λͺ«μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œ 이런 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 역사 및 문화연ꡬ듀에 μ—°κ³„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ, λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 이런 연ꡬ듀과 비ꡐ학적 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ ‘λͺ©μ‹œμΌœ λ³΄λŠ” μ‹œλ„μ΄λ‹€. 이문화간 μŒμ•…μ˜ 수용과 μŠ΅λ“μ„ ν•œκ΅­κ³Ό λ…μΌμ˜ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ λ‹€κ°μ μœΌλ‘œ 닀루어 λ³΄λŠ” 것을 과제둜 ν•œλ‹€. 첫째, ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ…μΌμŒμ•…μ΄ 수용되고, λ…μΌμ—μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μŒμ•…μ΄ μˆ˜μš©λ˜λŠ” 상황을 μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ³ , λ‘˜μ§Έ, 이 비ꡐλ₯Ό 톡해 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ  κ΄€κ³„μ˜ 원인과 μ΄μœ μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λ©°, μ…‹μ§Έ, 이런 λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ„ μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 이문화간 μŒμ•…μ˜ μŠ΅λ“λ°©μ‹μ„ λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ€ 이런 μŒμ•…μˆ˜μš©κ³Ό μŠ΅λ“μœΌλ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” 곡간성을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•œκ΅­κ³Ό 독일 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 이문학적 관계에 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 의미λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀

    CT features of thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcifications detected by ultrasonography

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    Purpose: A thyroid nodule with an isolated macrocalcification is visualized as a calcified nodule with complete posterior shadowing on ultrasonography (US). This study aimed to determine the computed tomography (CT) features of isolated macrocalcifications detected using US. Methods: This study included 20 patients who had thyroid nodules with isolated macroalcifications and underwent neck CT or chest CT. The patients were enrolled from a sample of 82 patients with isolated macrocalcifications detected by US drawn from 7,142 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid biopsy at two institutions. We evaluated the CT features of nodules with isolated macrocalcifications and categorized them as central or rim calcifications. We assessed the nodule size and the frequency of nondiagnostic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) results and malignant tumors according to the CT features of isolated macrocalcifications. Results: CT scans showed central calcifications in 18 (90.0%) and rim calcifications in two (10.0%) of the 20 nodules with isolated macrocalcifications. Among the 18 nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications, complete compact calcification was found in six nodules and partial coarse calcification in 12 nodules. In 18 nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications, the nondiagnostic FNA rate and frequency of malignant tumors were not significantly different between complete and partial central calcifications (P=0.620 and P=0.999, respectively). Malignant tumors were only found in nodules with central isolated macrocalcifications. Conclusion: The majority of nodules with isolated macrocalcifications showed central calcifications on CT. Thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcifications detected by US should not be classified as having a type of rim or peripheral calcification.ope

    Comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography for detecting the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland: a prospective multicenter study

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    OBJECTIVE: To compare the detection rates of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland (TPL) using ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in a prospective multi-center study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 582 patients who underwent neck CT at six institutions. Each radiologist prospectively evaluated the presence and features of TPLs on thyroid US. Radiologists were divided into two groups according to their previous experience in detecting TPL on US or CT. The same radiologist also retrospectively assessed CT findings, blinded to the corresponding US findings. RESULTS: The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid glands were detected in 230 cases (39.5%) on US and in 276 cases (47.6%) on CT. The TPL detection rate at the six institutions ranged from 22.0% to 59% for US and from 34.1% to 59% using CT. There were significant differences between US and CT in the detection rate, length, anteroposterior diameter, volume, and superior extent of TPL (p ≀ 0.027). The TPL detection rates on both US and CT (p < 0.001) differed significantly according to the experience level of the radiologists. When the CT result was used as a reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as the accuracy of US for TPL detection were 72.6%, 91.5%, 89.3%, 77.3%, and 82.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our prospective multicenter study revealed that US could detect TPL with relatively high diagnostic accuracy compared to CT. Because the detection rate of TPL varied significantly according to the radiologists' level of experience, careful inspection is necessary to avoid imaging pitfalls and ensure appropriate evaluation of TPL on both US and CT.ope

    Korean Music Culture and Eurocentrism [Centrism of West]

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    The article considers at the notion of cultural eurocentrism (respectively, centrism of the West) and its relationship to colonialism including aspects of neocolonialism. Furthermore, the contexts and background of East Asian eurocentrism are examined, especially those that are relevant for Korea. The consequences and problems of Korean eurocentrism are taken into account, such as its impact on Korean tradition and artificial heritage. Thus the apt development of Korean music culture in the 21st century is discussed as well. 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ¬Έν™”μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ³ μ–‘ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌœ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œν™” ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ§€ν‘œλ‘œ μ‚Όκ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„œκ΅¬λΌλŠ” 이상을 ν–₯ν•΄ μˆ¨κ°€μ˜κ²Œ λ‹¬λ¦¬λ˜ 20μ„ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό 보낸 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 ν•œκ²° μžμ˜μ‹μ„ 찾게 λ˜μ—ˆκ³  κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ νƒœλ„λ‘œ 세상을 바라보고 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ μ ˆλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μš°μ›”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²Όλ˜ μ„œκ΅¬λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ˜μ‘΄μ„±μ—μ„œλ„ μ‘°κΈˆμ€ μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. 우리 κ³ μœ λ¬Έν™”μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžλΆ€μ‹¬λ„ 점차 μƒκ²¨λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ„œκ΅¬μ£Όμ˜κ°€ 뿌리 깊게 남아 μžˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œν™”λ₯Ό 슬둜건으둜 λ‚΄κ±Έκ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ 싀상은 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Έν™”λ“€μ΄λ‚˜ λ¬Έν™”λ“€ κ°„μ˜ ꡐλ₯˜μ—λŠ” 관심이 적고 μ„œκ΅¬μ˜ κ·Ήμ†Œμˆ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μˆ˜μš©μ—λ§Œ κΈ‰κΈ‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”μš±μ΄ ν”νžˆ 이 μ†Œμˆ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ 문화적 μ·¨ν–₯을 우리 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ²™λ„λ‘œ μ‚ΌλŠ”λ‹€. 즉, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직도 μ„œκ΅¬ 쀑심적인 ꡬ쑰적인 λ³‘μ—μ„œ ν—€μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이 상황은 특히 μŒμ•…λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œ λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œλ‹€

    μΈλ‘ν›„κ³΅κ°„μ˜ μ „μ΄λ¦Όν”„μ ˆλ‘œ 였인된 λΉ„λŒ€ μƒκ²½λΆ€κ΅κ°μ‹ κ²½μ ˆ: 증둀 보고

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    The superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, the largest and most cranial of the three cervical sympathetic ganglia, transfers sympathetic signals to specific targets on the head and neck. This ganglion is located just lateral to the retropharyngeal space along the medial margin of the carotid sheath. Located thus, an enlarged superior cervical sympathetic ganglion can mimic a metastatic lymph node in the retropharyngeal space of the suprahyoid neck in head and neck cancer patients. However, this is often disregarded by radiologists due to lack of interest in its anatomic location. We present a case of an enlarged superior cervical sympathetic ganglion mimicking a retropharyngeal metastatic lymph node in a 42-year-old man with oral tongue cancer.ope

    Comparison of 3D Volumetric Subtraction Technique and 2D Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Technique in the Evaluation of Contrast Enhancement for Diagnosing Cushing's Disease

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    Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the T1 3D subtraction technique and the conventional 2D dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) technique in diagnosing Cushing's disease. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with clinically and biochemically proven Cushing's disease were included in the study. In addition, 23 patients with a Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) diagnosed on an MRI with normal pituitary hormone levels were included as a control, to prevent non-blinded positive results. Postcontrast T1 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images were acquired after DCE images in 3T MRI and image subtraction of pre- and postcontrast T1 3D FSE images were performed. Inter-observer agreement, interpretation time, multiobserver receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and net benefit analyses were performed to compare 2D DCE and T1 3D subtraction techniques. Results Inter-observer agreement for a visual scale of contrast enhancement was poor in DCE (ΞΊ = 0.57) and good in T1 3D subtraction images (ΞΊ = 0.75). The time taken for determining contrast-enhancement in pituitary lesions was significantly shorter in the T1 3D subtraction images compared to the DCE sequence (P < 0.05). ROC values demonstrated increased reader confidence range with T1 3D subtraction images (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.00) compared with DCE (95% CI: 0.70–0.92) (P < 0.01). The net benefit effect of T1 3D subtraction images over DCE was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.12–0.56). For Cushing's disease, both reviewers misclassified one case as a nonenhancing lesion on the DCE images, while no cases were misclassified on T1 3D subtraction images. Conclusion The T1 3D subtraction technique shows superior performance for determining the presence of enhancement on pituitary lesions compared with conventional DCE techniques, which may aid in diagnosing Cushing's disease.ope

    The Correlation Between MRI and Operative Finding in Bell’s Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

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    We investigated the correlation between gadolinium enhanced MRI finding and swelling segments of facial nerve in patients with in Bell’s Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome. From 1995 to 2004, an MRI was performed on 13 patients with Bell’s Palsy or Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. These patients were offered a surgical decompression of facial nerve through middle cranial fossa. They were evaluated to assess the time to MRI and to operation after onset, the site of facial nerve enhancement, operative finding of facial nerve and initial/ postoperative severity of facial palsy. The swelling of facial nerve segments is found in patients with enhanced facial nerve during an MRI. In particular, the swelling of facial nerve is identified in all patients with enhanced facial nerves in the labyrinthine segment. Respectively, the swelling of geniculate ganglion and tympanic segment of the facial nerve accounts for 78% and 43% of patients with enhanced facial segment during an MRI (p<0.05). The incidence of swelling of tympanic segment, increases and decreases over the course of time following surgery after the onset of paralysis. In summary, an MRI enhancement of facial nerves in Bell’s Palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is well associated with the extent of intratemporal lesions in facial nerves.ope
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