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    ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํ›„ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ถ”์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ์ตœ์ง„์˜.์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜์ƒ๊ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ์‹œ์˜ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ” ์ฃ„๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ (causality condition) ์„ ์–ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค (์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜) ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋” ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ถ”์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ด์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์–‘์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งŽ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—†์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ถ”์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์›€์ง์ž„, ๋ชจ์–‘ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žกํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ •๋ณด์–‘์ด ์ ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ถ”์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํƒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์‹œ ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ฒด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒน์นจ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒน์นจ ์ถ”์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ถ”์  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์…‹์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒน์นจ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋’ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ,๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•ด ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ (solution space) ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” NP-๋‚œํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ (NP-hard) ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ด„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ„ ์‹œ,๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ถ”์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งŒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ƒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜, ๋ชจ์–‘, ์†๋„ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ 3D ์ขŒํ‘œ ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์…‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.In an ideal surveillance scenario, the instant response to the crime/incident should be guaranteed for its purpose. For this reason, online approach is more preferred for the algorithms implemented in a surveillance system, such as moving objects detection and object tracking. Generally, online algorithms cannot break causality condition and only use past observations, which lead to lower performance than batch algorithms with future observations. However, online algorithms are more demanded than batch algorithms in a surveillance system because batch algorithms require heavy computation time. Moreover, batch algorithms need the whole video input, which makes the batch algorithms more suitable for video analysis, not for the surveillance system. While online tracking for the single object is quite normal and most current researches track its target object in online manner, most multiple objects tracking methods have been researched with offline scheme due to their heavy computation and lack of causality. Another reason why the offine scheme is widely adopted in the field of the multiple objects tracking is that the required quantity of clues to track each object and distinguish them simultaneously is much larger than the single object tracking problem. To handle this difficulty, the data association method is generally used to find temporal association of each object over frames. However, this complexity still increases when several number of cameras are used and both spatial and temporal association should be achieved. In this thesis, we propose an online data association approach for tracking multiple number of people with both single camera and multiple cameras. Without delayed decision or future data input, we perform online data association between the detection results and tracking models and show robust performance with a faster speed than offline data association. For multiple target tracking in the single camera case, we formulate an online MAP (Maximum A posteriori Probability) problem to find the temporal association among detection observations at the current frame and the tracking models from the last frame in the same image domain. Because a single camera can provide a limited information, the multiple target tracking with a single camera is especially weak for occlusions and overlaps. To overcome these limitations, we use the head detector which is robust against occlusions and overlaps. With head detection results and the tracking models, we encode the problem of multiple target tracking to the problem of finding matching in a graph and solve the matching problem on the formulated MAP problem considering object size, center distance, motion and appearance. During temporal association process to track multiple objects, our solution initializes new tracking model automatically. Moreover, the corruption of tracking models by missed detections from occlusions is prevented by selective update of the tracking model through occlusion reasoning method. This occlusion reasoning method prevents the tracking model from being corrupted with unreliable information. Since the proposed MAP formulation only uses the last tracking models and current observations, this proposed MAP formulation can be solved without heavy computation. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, we compare our method with the state-of-the-art methods and show improvement in performance. Extending the proposed framework for the single camera case, we also propose an online framework to track multiple objects with multiple number of cameras. Multiple cameras can provide more information than a single camera for tracking especially when occlusions among objects happen or overlaps behind backgrounds occur. However, in the perspective of association, increased amount of information is not always preferred. The problem of multiple target tracking in multiple cameras is much more complicated than single camera data association becaus1 Introduction 1 1.1 Statement of problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Related works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Contents of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Organization of the thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 Multiple Target Tracking in a Single Camera 14 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2 Overall framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3 Detection of heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 MAP formulation on the matching graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.1 Recursive Bayesian estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.4.2 Online MAP formulation for the single camera case . . . . 23 2.5 Selective update to handle occlusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.6 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.6.1 iLids 2007 AVSS dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.6.2 Oxford Town Center dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.6.3 PETS 2007 and PETS 2009 dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.6.4 Smart Class dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.7 Final remarks and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 Multiple Target Tracking in Multiple Cameras 48 3.1 Overall framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.2 Detection of humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.3 MAP formulation on the matching graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.3.1 The matching graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.3.2 MAP formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.4 Tracking model update processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3.5 Computational complexity analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.6 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 3.6.1 PETS 2009 dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 3.6.2 APIDIS basketball dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.6.3 ETRI dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3.7 Final remarks and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 4 Concluding Remarks 105 4.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Bibliography 108 Abstract in Korean 118Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๊น€์ˆ˜์˜.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žํ™œ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์Šต๋“์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค(๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€, 2021a). ๊ธฐ์กด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ค‘์žฅ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2018๋…„ 6์›” โ€˜์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จโ€™์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž๋ฆฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋ถˆํ™”, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์กด๊ฐ, ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฐฉํ•ด์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ•œ๊ตญ์žํ™œ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์›, 2019). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์žํ™œ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ทจยท์ฐฝ์—… ์ง€์›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •์„œ์ ์ธ ์ง€์›๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์—… ์šด์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (์ด์ƒ์•„, 2022), ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ทจยท์ฐฝ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์• ์ดˆ ์žํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ๋งŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์ด ์šฐ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™(Hong et al, 2009)์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žํ™œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Daugherty & Barber, 2001). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘(in-depth interview)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ‹€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(framework analysis)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 10๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ํ‘œ์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์„ธํ‰์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์„ ์ •(reputational case selection)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ K์ง€์—ญ์žํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง„์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ์ง‘์— ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ K์ง€์—ญ์žํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” 20๋Œ€~30๋Œ€ ์žํ™œ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 3๊ฐœ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 4๋…„ 11๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ โ€˜์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€™, โ€˜์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธโ€™๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ, ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ, ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ โ€˜์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒโ€™, โ€˜์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€โ€™์œผ๋กœ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ถŒ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์งํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์ด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„ ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒœํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์ทจ์—… ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™, โ€˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™, โ€˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์—…์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ทจ์—… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์†์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ„์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™, โ€˜์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต, ์ฆ‰ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ โ€˜์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ทจ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ดˆ์ ์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study aims to suggest the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs and the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program by exploring the experiences of young participants in Self-Sufficiency Programs in order to support them to overcome poverty and provide opportunities to lead independent lives. With the advent of the National Basic Livelihood Security System in 2000, the Self-Sufficiency Program has been dedicated to provide working opportunities to low-income people with working ability to help them cultivate self-sufficiency and acquire skills so that they can become self-sufficient. Moreover in June 2018, โ€˜Youth Self-Sufficiency Programโ€™ was newly introduced as the participation of young people increased. Most of the young people participating in Self-Sufficiency Programs are economically vulnerable due to the poor socioeconomic status of their parents. In addition, they usually suffer from complex problems, such as family discord, low self-esteem, and depression, which are psychological obstacles to self-sufficiency. Regarding this situation, the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program group is making efforts to provide not only employment services, but also emotional support for solving complex problems. However, the recent revision of the manual of the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program has caused confusion in the field. In the transition period of forming the direction of the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, it is necessary to explore how young participants evaluate and perceive the Self-Sufficiency Programs. In examining the research problem, this study seeks to examine the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs using the concepts of โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™ and โ€˜emotional self-sufficiencyโ€™. In general, economic self-sufficiency means achieving welfare-exit and poverty-exit through employment or starting a business. Initially, most of the discussions related to self-sufficiency were discussed in terms of economic sufficiency. However, there were limitations in the process of implementing and evaluating the programs solely for the purpose of economic self-sufficiency. As a result attempts have been made to understand self-sufficiency as a โ€˜process that encompasses emotional aspects to achieve economic goalsโ€™ (Hong et al., 2009). Now bunch of scholarly works claims that psychological and emotional self-sufficiency should be prioritized in order to achieve economic self-sufficiency. Furthermore, it has been suggested that it is important to reflect the participant's voices on the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs (Daugherty & Barber, 2001). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the meaning of self-sufficiency from the perspective of Youth Self-Sufficiency Program participants. This study has three research questions: (i) How do young participants evaluate the experience in Self-Sufficiency Program? (ii) How do young participants evaluate the experience in Youth Self-Sufficiency Program? (iii) What is the meaning of self-sufficiency that young participants perceive? To answer these questions, in-depth interview was conducted to explore the experience of young participants in the Self-Sufficiency Programs and the collected data were analyzed using framework analysis. Interviews were conducted for 10 Self-Sufficiency Program participants aged 19 to 39. Participants were recommended after explaining the purpose of the study to the front line staff of the K Regional Self-Support Center located in Seoul through a sampling method of reputational case selection. Their period of participation in Self-Sufficiency Programs varied from at least 3 months to up to 4 years and 11 months, and they were all conditional recipients. The results of the study were examined in terms of โ€˜the experience of participation in the Self-Sufficiency Programโ€™, โ€˜the experience of participatin in the youth self-sufficiency progrmโ€™, and โ€˜the perception of self-sufficiencyโ€™. As a result, 2 topic groups and 4 sub-themes were derived from the experience of participating in Self-Sufficiency Programs, 3 topic groups and 6 sub-themes were derived from the experience of participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Programs, and 2 topic groups and 4 sub-themes were derived from the meaning of self-sufficiency. From the experience of participating in the Self-Sufficiency Program, two sub-themes were derived: โ€˜the best choice in a given situationโ€™ and โ€˜a negative perception about self-sufficiency participation and fear of being complacentโ€™. The young participants participated in Self-Sufficiency Program for fear of losing their family's entitlement to the welfare services, while it served as an opportunity to come out into society for those who stayed at home after losing their jobs. In addition, young participants who had to constantly work in an unstable working environment for a living gainged chance to prepare for a better future. Young participants made the best choice for self-sufficiency under the given circumstances, and were guaranteed economic and time leeway, but at the same time they had a fear of being complacent within the system of self-sufficiency. From the experience of participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, three sub-themes were derived: โ€˜the process of preparing for employmentโ€™, โ€˜the process of understanding oneself and gaining confidenceโ€™, and โ€˜the sense of support through relationshipsโ€™. While participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, the participation process was recognized not only as activities that directly help employment, such as obtaining a certificate, but also as a preparation for the overall activities they would experience after employment. There were also moments for the young participants to understand themselves and they gained confidence while participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program. In addition, they started to think about their career path that suits their preference, while setting their own goals and making plans. Last but not least, young participants were experiencing sense of support through relationships within the program. Through the sense of unity among the young participants, they felt comfort and sense of being respected by the teachers in charge of the program. Regarding the meaning of self-sufficiency for young participants, two sub-themes were analyzed: โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™ and โ€˜emotional self-sufficiencyโ€™. The young participants understood the meaning of self-sufficiency as โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™. In fact, they understood the essential meaning of self-sufficiency as welfare-exit from receiving welfare grant. The young participants also understood the meaning of self-sufficiency in terms of emotional self-sufficiency. For young participants, the meaning of self-sufficiency was โ€˜understanding oneself and having willโ€™, and they recognized that it was important to know what they were going to do and what they were good at before getting a job and become confident of oneself. From the voices of the participants, it was confirmed that in order to achieve economic self-sufficiency, experiencing the emotional self-sufficiency should be prioritized. This study is significant in that it explores the experiences of young participants, which were not mainly addressed in existing Self-Sufficiency Programs. Also, while the flow of existing research on the goal of self-sufficiency is expanding from the economic focus to the emotional fields, the importance of emotional self-sufficiency is said to be confirmed based on the experience of young participants in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„ 6 1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์š” 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… 11 1. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐœ์š” 11 2. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ 18 3. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ œ๋„ 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์† ์ฒญ๋…„ 25 1. ์ฒญ๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋…ผ์˜ 25 2. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์† ์ฒญ๋…„ 27 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ 31 1. ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ : ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ 31 2. ์žํ™œ์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ : ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ 33 3. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 39 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1. ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 41 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 45 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ 46 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์†Œ๊ฐœ 49 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 53 1. ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ 53 2. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€ 60 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 66 1. ์ทจ์—… ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 41 2. ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 72 3. ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 76 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 84 1. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ 84 2. ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ 87 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  90 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 90 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 96 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 96 2. ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 97 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 100 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 102 Abstract 114์„

    ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ์ •๋ณดํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : 2000 ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ ๅœฐๆ–น่‡ชๆฒปๅˆถ๊ฐ€ ๅœฐๆ–นๆ”ฟๅบœ์˜ ็ฆ็ฅ‰่ฑซ็ฎ—์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ : 1990-1995ๅนด ๅŸบ็คŽ่‡ชๆฒปๅœ˜้ซ”๋ฅผ ไธญๅฟƒ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žํ™œ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์Šต๋“์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‹ค(๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€, 2021a). ๊ธฐ์กด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ค‘์žฅ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2018๋…„ 6์›” โ€˜์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จโ€™์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž๋ฆฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋ถˆํ™”, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์กด๊ฐ, ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฐฉํ•ด์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ•œ๊ตญ์žํ™œ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์›, 2019). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์žํ™œ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ทจยท์ฐฝ์—… ์ง€์›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •์„œ์ ์ธ ์ง€์›๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์—… ์šด์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (์ด์ƒ์•„, 2022), ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ทจยท์ฐฝ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์• ์ดˆ ์žํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ๋งŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์ด ์šฐ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์„œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™(Hong et al, 2009)์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žํ™œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Daugherty & Barber, 2001). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘(in-depth interview)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ‹€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(framework analysis)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 10๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ํ‘œ์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์„ธํ‰์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์„ ์ •(reputational case selection)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ K์ง€์—ญ์žํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง„์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ์ง‘์— ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ K์ง€์—ญ์žํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” 20๋Œ€~30๋Œ€ ์žํ™œ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 3๊ฐœ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 4๋…„ 11๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ โ€˜์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€™, โ€˜์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธโ€™๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ, ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ, ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌถ์Œ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ โ€˜์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒโ€™, โ€˜์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€โ€™์œผ๋กœ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ถŒ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์งํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์ด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„ ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒœํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์ทจ์—… ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™, โ€˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™, โ€˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •โ€™์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์—…์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ทจ์—… ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ง„๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์†์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ„์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™, โ€˜์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œโ€™๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ™œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต, ์ฆ‰ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ โ€˜์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ทจ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žํ™œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ดˆ์ ์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study aims to suggest the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs and the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program by exploring the experiences of young participants in Self-Sufficiency Programs in order to support them to overcome poverty and provide opportunities to lead independent lives. With the advent of the National Basic Livelihood Security System in 2000, the Self-Sufficiency Program has been dedicated to provide working opportunities to low-income people with working ability to help them cultivate self-sufficiency and acquire skills so that they can become self-sufficient. Moreover in June 2018, โ€˜Youth Self-Sufficiency Programโ€™ was newly introduced as the participation of young people increased. Most of the young people participating in Self-Sufficiency Programs are economically vulnerable due to the poor socioeconomic status of their parents. In addition, they usually suffer from complex problems, such as family discord, low self-esteem, and depression, which are psychological obstacles to self-sufficiency. Regarding this situation, the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program group is making efforts to provide not only employment services, but also emotional support for solving complex problems. However, the recent revision of the manual of the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program has caused confusion in the field. In the transition period of forming the direction of the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, it is necessary to explore how young participants evaluate and perceive the Self-Sufficiency Programs. In examining the research problem, this study seeks to examine the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs using the concepts of โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™ and โ€˜emotional self-sufficiencyโ€™. In general, economic self-sufficiency means achieving welfare-exit and poverty-exit through employment or starting a business. Initially, most of the discussions related to self-sufficiency were discussed in terms of economic sufficiency. However, there were limitations in the process of implementing and evaluating the programs solely for the purpose of economic self-sufficiency. As a result attempts have been made to understand self-sufficiency as a โ€˜process that encompasses emotional aspects to achieve economic goalsโ€™ (Hong et al., 2009). Now bunch of scholarly works claims that psychological and emotional self-sufficiency should be prioritized in order to achieve economic self-sufficiency. Furthermore, it has been suggested that it is important to reflect the participant's voices on the direction of Self-Sufficiency Programs (Daugherty & Barber, 2001). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the meaning of self-sufficiency from the perspective of Youth Self-Sufficiency Program participants. This study has three research questions: (i) How do young participants evaluate the experience in Self-Sufficiency Program? (ii) How do young participants evaluate the experience in Youth Self-Sufficiency Program? (iii) What is the meaning of self-sufficiency that young participants perceive? To answer these questions, in-depth interview was conducted to explore the experience of young participants in the Self-Sufficiency Programs and the collected data were analyzed using framework analysis. Interviews were conducted for 10 Self-Sufficiency Program participants aged 19 to 39. Participants were recommended after explaining the purpose of the study to the front line staff of the K Regional Self-Support Center located in Seoul through a sampling method of reputational case selection. Their period of participation in Self-Sufficiency Programs varied from at least 3 months to up to 4 years and 11 months, and they were all conditional recipients. The results of the study were examined in terms of โ€˜the experience of participation in the Self-Sufficiency Programโ€™, โ€˜the experience of participatin in the youth self-sufficiency progrmโ€™, and โ€˜the perception of self-sufficiencyโ€™. As a result, 2 topic groups and 4 sub-themes were derived from the experience of participating in Self-Sufficiency Programs, 3 topic groups and 6 sub-themes were derived from the experience of participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Programs, and 2 topic groups and 4 sub-themes were derived from the meaning of self-sufficiency. From the experience of participating in the Self-Sufficiency Program, two sub-themes were derived: โ€˜the best choice in a given situationโ€™ and โ€˜a negative perception about self-sufficiency participation and fear of being complacentโ€™. The young participants participated in Self-Sufficiency Program for fear of losing their family's entitlement to the welfare services, while it served as an opportunity to come out into society for those who stayed at home after losing their jobs. In addition, young participants who had to constantly work in an unstable working environment for a living gainged chance to prepare for a better future. Young participants made the best choice for self-sufficiency under the given circumstances, and were guaranteed economic and time leeway, but at the same time they had a fear of being complacent within the system of self-sufficiency. From the experience of participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, three sub-themes were derived: โ€˜the process of preparing for employmentโ€™, โ€˜the process of understanding oneself and gaining confidenceโ€™, and โ€˜the sense of support through relationshipsโ€™. While participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program, the participation process was recognized not only as activities that directly help employment, such as obtaining a certificate, but also as a preparation for the overall activities they would experience after employment. There were also moments for the young participants to understand themselves and they gained confidence while participating in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program. In addition, they started to think about their career path that suits their preference, while setting their own goals and making plans. Last but not least, young participants were experiencing sense of support through relationships within the program. Through the sense of unity among the young participants, they felt comfort and sense of being respected by the teachers in charge of the program. Regarding the meaning of self-sufficiency for young participants, two sub-themes were analyzed: โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™ and โ€˜emotional self-sufficiencyโ€™. The young participants understood the meaning of self-sufficiency as โ€˜economic self-sufficiencyโ€™. In fact, they understood the essential meaning of self-sufficiency as welfare-exit from receiving welfare grant. The young participants also understood the meaning of self-sufficiency in terms of emotional self-sufficiency. For young participants, the meaning of self-sufficiency was โ€˜understanding oneself and having willโ€™, and they recognized that it was important to know what they were going to do and what they were good at before getting a job and become confident of oneself. From the voices of the participants, it was confirmed that in order to achieve economic self-sufficiency, experiencing the emotional self-sufficiency should be prioritized. This study is significant in that it explores the experiences of young participants, which were not mainly addressed in existing Self-Sufficiency Programs. Also, while the flow of existing research on the goal of self-sufficiency is expanding from the economic focus to the emotional fields, the importance of emotional self-sufficiency is said to be confirmed based on the experience of young participants in the Youth Self-Sufficiency Program.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„ 6 1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์š” 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… 11 1. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐœ์š” 11 2. ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ 18 3. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ œ๋„ 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์† ์ฒญ๋…„ 25 1. ์ฒญ๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋…ผ์˜ 25 2. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์† ์ฒญ๋…„ 27 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ 31 1. ์žํ™œ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ : ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ 31 2. ์žํ™œ์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ : ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ 33 3. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 39 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1. ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 41 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 45 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ 46 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์žํ™œ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์†Œ๊ฐœ 49 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 53 1. ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ 53 2. ์žํ™œ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€ 60 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์ „์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 66 1. ์ทจ์—… ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 41 2. ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 72 3. ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • 76 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์žํ™œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 84 1. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žํ™œ 84 2. ์ •์„œ์  ์žํ™œ 87 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  90 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 90 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 96 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 96 2. ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 97 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 100 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 102 Abstract 114์„
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