50 research outputs found

    ์‹ฌ์ธต ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ดํ˜•์  ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2022. 8. ์„œ์ง„์šฑ.์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ž‘๋™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํœด๋จธ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ์™ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์กฑ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ์œก์กฑ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์…˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฌ์šด์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน์Šค ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์กฑ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ์…˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์บก์ณํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌํƒ€๊ฒŸ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์€ ์œ ์ €๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋„ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋’ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฆฌํƒ€๊ฒŸ๋œ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ"์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์…˜ ๋ฆฌํƒ€๊ฒŒํŒ… ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์…˜ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์กฑ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„œ์žˆ๊ธฐ, ์•‰๊ธฐ, ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ, ํŒ” ๋ป—๊ธฐ, ๊ฑท๊ธฐ, ๋Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.A human motion-based interface fuses operator intuitions with the motor capabilities of robots, enabling adaptable robot operations in dangerous environments. However, the challenge of designing a motion interface for non-humanoid robots, such as quadrupeds or hexapods, is emerged from the different morphology and dynamics of a human controller, leading to an ambiguity of control strategy. We propose a novel control framework that allows human operators to execute various motor skills on a quadrupedal robot by their motion. Our system first retargets the captured human motion into the corresponding robot motion with the operator's intended semantics. The supervised learning and post-processing techniques allow this retargeting skill which is ambiguity-free and suitable for control policy training. To enable a robot to track a given retargeted motion, we then obtain the control policy from reinforcement learning that imitates the given reference motion with designed curriculums. We additionally enhance the system's performance by introducing a set of experts. Finally, we randomize the domain parameters to adapt the physically simulated motor skills to real-world tasks. We demonstrate that a human operator can perform various motor tasks using our system including standing, tilting, manipulating, sitting, walking, and steering on both physically simulated and real quadruped robots. We also analyze the performance of each system component ablation study.1 Introduction 1 2 Related Work 5 2.1 Legged Robot Control 5 2.2 Motion Imitation 6 2.3 Motion-based Control 7 3 Overview 9 4 Motion Retargeting Module 11 4.1 Motion Retargeting Network 12 4.2 Post-processing for Consistency 14 4.3 A Set of Experts for Multi-task Support 15 5 Motion Imitation Module 17 5.1 Background: Reinforcement Learning 18 5.2 Formulation of Motion Imitation 18 5.3 Curriculum Learning over Tasks and Difficulties 21 5.4 Hierarchical Control with States 21 5.5 Domain Randomization 22 6 Results and Analysis 23 6.1 Experimental Setup 23 6.2 Motion Performance 24 6.3 Analysis 28 6.4 Comparison to Other Methods 31 7 Conclusion And Future Work 32 Bibliography 34 Abstract (In Korean) 44 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 45์„

    ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ์ด์œ ๋ฆฌ.ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์•„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œ ํ•˜์—, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ•™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ฉด์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2012๋…„ 2์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2012๋…„ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€, ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™์ค‘์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ 2, 30๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ FGI๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. FGI๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ 3ํšŒ, ์ค‘๊ตญ 4ํšŒ, ์ผ๋ณธ 3ํšŒ๋กœ ์ด 10ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด 60๋ช…์˜ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด FGI์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›ํ™œํ•œ FGI์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, FGI ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๊ทน๋ฌผ์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋ฏธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด 256๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๊ทน๋ฌผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •, ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„, ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ˆ˜์  ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‚ด์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต ์„ฑํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฏธ์˜์‹๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์  ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์˜์‹๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์  ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ, ํš์ผํ™”๋œ ๋ฏธ์˜์‹, ์ „ํ†ต๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋“ฑ์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์„ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์ˆ™ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์–‘๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์˜์‹๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์  ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๋ฌธํ™”, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅํ™”, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„, ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ๋‚ด ์–‘์„ฑ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™” ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ชจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์ฒด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ„์— ๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠˆํƒˆํŠธ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ˜„๋ชจ์–‘์ฒ˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€, ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‹นํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€, ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๋Š”, ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ, ๋ฏธ์ธ, ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์„ฑํ˜•, ๋…ธํ™”์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์–‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ž์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋ฏธ์ธ, ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์„ฑํ˜•์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ณผ ์„ฑํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑํ˜•์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํƒ€์ธ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„ฑํ˜•, ํ™”์žฅ, ํŒจ์…˜, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์™ธ๋ชจ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑํ˜•๊ณผ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—, ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—, ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒจ์…˜๊ณผ ํ™”์žฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŒจํ„ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„๊ต์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ด„์  ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค.Physical beauty affects the development of individual self-conception and increases social competitiveness in modern society. Womens physical beauty especially limits womens social roles and reinforces their negative self-conception influenced by distorted social stereotypes. This study investigated womens perception of physical beauty in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures with cross-cultural perspectives on the condition that the perception of womens physical beauty is affected by cultural contexts. Through this cross-cultural approach, this research determined the concept of physical beauty and suggested the comprehensive paradigm of the physical beautys perception. Additionally, this study verified cultural patterns in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures and proposed the original analytical framework in the cross-cultural research area through examining cultural universality and specificity of the womens perception of physical beauty. In combination with constructivism and aesthetics, this research generated and applied the definition of womens physical beautythe subjective and sensual aesthetic values perceived by members of a particular socio-cultural group through womens physical features and characteristics. On the basis of this definition, this research extended a research object into the perception process of physical beauty. In addition, this research investigated the socio-cultural contexts affecting the perception of physical beauty, the aesthetic values pursuing through physical beauty, and the results on the perception of physical beauty which were emotions and attitudes toward physical beauty and appearance management behaviors. For data collection, focus group interviews were conducted with Korean, Chinese, and Japanese women in their 20s and 30s who were attending universities located in Seoul, Korea from February 2013 to July 2013. A total of 10 focus group interviews were conducted: three with 18 Korean females, four with 25 Chinese females, and three with 17 Japanese females. For the purpose of facilitating the group dynamics and retaining the equivalence of a cross-cultural study, this research employed stimuli which were developed with images of beauties bought by FGI participants. Qualitative research data was analyzed according to the 3 steps of the grounded theory, and the results were as follows: First, the paradigm model which comprehensively explained the perception of womens physical beauty was determined. The paradigm model was commonly applied in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures and was composed of six dimensions: the socio-cultural contexts influencing physical beauty perception, the perception criteria of physical beauty, the aesthetic values of physical beauty, the emotions toward physical beauty, the attitudes toward physical beauty, and physical appearance management behaviors. These six dimensions showed cultural university and specificity depending on each culture. Second, this research discovered the cultural university and specificity of the aesthetic values through womens physical beauty in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures. The universal aesthetic value of three cultures was authentic beauty, and the specific aesthetic values were diverse depending on the intensity of the social competition and the standard of the social comparison. On the basis of the strong social competition and introjection, Korean culture pursued the superior beauty which accelerated the advantage in social competition through physical attractiveness coinciding with social stereotypes. Based on the weak social competition and introjection, Chinese culture pursued the improvement beauty which focused on the self-advanced process with constant self-management. According to the strong social competition and projection, Japanese culture sought the individual beauty which facilitated the social competitiveness through personal originality. Third, socio-cultural contexts influencing the perception of physical beauty were divided into the categories relevant to this area directly and indirectly. The categories directly relevant were composed of the media effect, standardized beauty criteria, pride of traditional beauty, and the perception of womens aging. The media strongly affected the perception of beauty in the all three cultures. In each cultural context of Korean culture, young womens physical appearance was preferred and the social stereotype of womens appearance strengthened. In the Chinese culture, the womens maturity was respected, and diverse beauty criteria were accepted. In Japanese culture, pride of traditional beauty coexisted with the preference of westernized beauty, and the standard of womens physical beauty was diversified. The categories indirectly relevant to physical beauty perception were composed of patriarchal culture, social competitiveness of physical attractiveness, womens social position, and cultural diversity. In Korean culture, womens social positions were restrictive due to the patriarchal culture, and the social competitiveness of physical attractiveness had powerful influences on individual lives and social achievements. In Chinese cultures, womens social position was expanded, and domestic gender equality strengthened under the influence of the extension of womens rights. In Japanese cultures, privacy of individuals was protected and cultural diversity was encouraged on account of the diffusion of individualism, and consciousness of others surveillance was also existed. Fourth, all three cultures preferred both westernized and traditional appearances as the perception criteria of physical beauty. In addition, balanced and harmonious figures were pursued as the condition of the standard acceptance of a beautiful appearance. Gestalt images of a physical appearance were different from all three cultures. A good wife and smart mother image influenced the patriarchal culture in Korean culture, an independent image influenced the extension of womens rights in Chinese culture, and diverse kinds of images affected by the pursuit of individuality were preferred. Fifth, women of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures felt emotions and determined attitudes towards physical beauty and established physical appearance management strategies as the result of perception of womens physical beauty. Emotions and attitudes towards physical beauty were composed of five categories which were their own physical appearance, beauty, physical appearance management, cosmetic surgery, and aging. In the emotions of physical beauty, Korean women felt ambivalent emotions due to the social anxiety and stress over physical beauty, and Chinese women mostly felt positive emotions on the basis of the independence of their own appearance. In contrast, Japanese womens emotions toward physical beauty were restrictive on account of the social atmosphere which required them to suppress emotional expressions. In the attitudes of physical beauty, all three cultures women were satisfied with their own physical appearance. Korean women defined ambivalent attitudes toward beauty and cosmetic surgery because of the social anxiety over physical beauty, and Chinese women maintained positive attitudes towards almost the whole category, except cosmetic surgery by reason of the independence of their own physical appearance. Japanese women demonstrated ambivalent attitudes towards physical appearance management and physical beauty on the ground of the desire for individuality and the consciousness of other peoples surveillance. The dimension of physical appearance management which was the final result of the perception of physical beauty presented six categories in all three cultures: cosmetic surgery, make-up, fashion, skin care, weight control, and faculties development except physical appearance. However, the main categories in each culture were different. Korean womens cosmetic surgery and weight control for the drastically changed physical beauty in short period, Chinese womens health care for the independent womens image, and Japanese womens fashion and make-up for the individual beauty were the main strategies for physical appearance management. As discussed thus far, this research demonstrated the perception of womens physical beauty which was not the constant concept objectively, but the cultural product influenced by cultural contexts subjectively. Furthermore, the cultural comprehension of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cultures which had been considered to have similar cultural characteristics were intensified with the detection of cultural diversification in these three cultures. Aesthetic values of physical beauty suggested by this research were especially influenced by the cultural patterns of social comparison and social competition. Moreover, social comparison and social competition could be the new analytical framework in cross-cultural research by the reason of their cultural effects on the diverse socio-cultural phenomenon. Additionally, this research has its significance in that it discovered the comprehensive paradigm model of physical beauty perception based on the definition of physical beauty and verified the organic relations of the physical beauty perception. It is especially worthy of notice that this research demonstrated cultural university and specialty toward the perception of physical beauty affected by cultural contexts with organic relations of paradigm dimensions in each culture.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ดˆ ๋ก i ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 8 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹คํ•™์ œ์  ์ •์˜ 18 3. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜ 23 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 25 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์š”์ธ 27 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 40 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 44 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ 49 1. ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ 50 2. ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 53 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํŒจํ„ด 55 4. ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ด€์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 67 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ˜• 72 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 72 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 73 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 74 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œค๋ฆฌ 74 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์„ ์ • 74 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œค๋ฆฌ 76 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 76 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๊ทน๋ฌผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 78 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 83 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 85 1. ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ 85 2. ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€์„ฑ 87 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 90 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจํ˜• 90 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 92 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 95 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 99 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ 102 4. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • 104 5. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํƒœ๋„์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ 109 6. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™ 113 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 117 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 120 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 123 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ 126 4. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • 128 5. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํƒœ๋„์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ 132 6. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™ 136 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 140 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 143 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 146 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ 150 4. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • 152 5. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํƒœ๋„์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ 155 6. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™ 158 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ 163 1. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ 163 2. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์กฐ๊ฑด 173 3. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 183 4. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • 187 5. ์™ธ๋ชจ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ 192 6. ์™ธ๋ชจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰๋™ 197 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ 2, 30๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์™ธ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ FGI์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 200 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 205 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 205 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„ 205 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 206 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 211 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  213 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  214 1. ํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 214 2. ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 216 3. ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 218 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 220 Abstract 241Docto

    ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ค‘๋…์˜ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์†Œ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ,2002.Maste

    ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”์œ„ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋™๋ฌผ์ž์›๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste

    Dimensions of consumer culture and cross-cultural comparison of consumers in Seoul, New York, and Stockholm

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ,2007.Docto

    Designing and implementing knowledge management system for decision making in fourth generation R & D

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,2006.Docto

    ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ์žฌํ• ๋‹น์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ €์ „๋ ฅ ์ด์ง„ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2002.Maste

    Electrical characterization of the furanace-grown Nโ‚‚O gate oxide and its application for MOSFETs

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฌด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1996.Docto

    Acoustic characteristics of normal healthy Koreans with advancing age

    No full text
    ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅ ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋‚ ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ณ‘๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋Š˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž„์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ Multi-Dimensional Voice Program์€ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋งŒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ 50, 60, 70๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ๋‚จ, ๋…€ 60๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋ฐœํ™”์™€ ์•„/, /์ด/, /์šฐ/์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์—ฐ์žฅ๋ฐœ์„ฑ(maximum phonation time, ์ดํ•˜ MPT)์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋œ MPT ์ค‘ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ 3์ดˆ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ 11๊ฐœ ์Œํ–ฅ์Œ์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต๊ณผ ๋™์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ 20๋Œ€ ๋‚จ, ๋…€ 20๋ช…์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์Œ์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. 1. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์€ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์— ๋น„ํ•ด /์ด/์™€ /์šฐ/์˜ MPT๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ์งง์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์€ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ /์ด/๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ MPT์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ๋‚จ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฐ์†๋ฐœํ™”์™€ MPT์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(fundamental frequency, ์ดํ•˜ f0)์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ, ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์—ฌ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ f0์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋ฐœํ™”์™€ MPT์˜ f0๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5.์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, /์•„/์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” shimmer, f0 variation(์ดํ•˜ vf0), peak-amplitude variation(์ดํ•˜ vAm), smoothed pitch perturbation quotient(์ดํ•˜ sPPQ), soft phonation index(์ดํ•˜ SPI), f0-tremor intensity index(์ดํ•˜ FTRI) ๋ฐ amplitude tremor intensity index(์ดํ•˜ ATRI)์—์„œ, /์ด/์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” shimmer์™€ FTRI์—์„œ, /์šฐ/์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” shimmer, vf0, vAm, sAPQ, ๋ฐ SPI์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, /์•„/์˜ f0, jitter, FTRI, /์ด/์˜ f0, FTRI, ATRI, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  /์šฐ/์˜ f0์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 7.์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ /์•„/์˜ jitter, shimmer, vf0, vAm, sPPQ, sAPQ, ATRI, SPI, /์ด/์˜ shimmer, vf0, FTRI ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  /์šฐ/์˜ shimmer, vf0, vAm, sAPQ, SPI ๋ฐ NHR์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 8.์žฅยท๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ /์ด/์˜ vAm, FTRI ๋ฐATRI์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to increase the current understanding of the acoustic characteristics of voices with advancing age. The relationship between age-related changes in body physiology and certain acoustic characteristics of voice was studied in a sample of 80 men representing four chronological age groupings(20-29, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79) who were all of good physical condition. Each subject was asked to phonate the vowel /a/, /i/, and /u/ for as long as possible at comfortable frequency and intensity level and read the sentence. A promising voice analysis program(Multi-dimensional voice programTM) was used to measure the fundamental frequency(f0), jitter, shimmer, f0 variation, peak-amplitude variation, smoothed pitch perturbation quotient, smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient, soft phonation index, f0-tremor intensity index, amplitude tremor intensity index, and noise-to-harmonics ratio from the samples. The results were as follows: 1.Subjects over 50 years old produced a maximum duration of vowel phonation that was significantly shorter than that achieved by the subjects in their 20. The phonation time was decreased gradually with advancing age. 2.The f0 increased in the elderly men statistically insignificant, and decreased significantly in the women. 3. Significantly higher shimmer, and f0 variation were measured in /a/, /i/, and /u/ productions by elderly male subjects. 4.Significantly higher peak-amplitude variation, f0-tremor intensity index, and amplitude tremor intensity index were measured in /i/ productions by elderly female subjects. While chronological aging is undoubtedly a contributor to the acoustic characteristics of voice demonstrated here, these results suggest that physiological aging must also be considered.ope

    ์ค‘์ €๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ ์ ํฌ์†์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์‡ผํ•‘๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2006.Maste
    corecore