Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy After Implant Placement in Patients Taking Immunosuppressive Agents

Progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA) is a rare disorder characterized by acquired unilateral facial atrophy. This disease mainly affects the skin and the craniofacial tissue below forehead. It also involves dermatomes of the fifth cranial nerve. Atrophy of subcutaneous tissue, fat, muscle and osseocartilaginous structures were seen. It resulted in a sunken hemifacial appearance. Although epidermal cutaneous tissue was minimally involved, the tongue, gingiva, teeth, and palate may also be affected. The purpose of this study is to report a case of progressive hemifacial atrophy in a patient taking immunosuppressive drugs after implant and sinus graft surgery.ope

A Study on the Time Charter Contract for Offshore Support Vessels - Based on BIMCO SUPPLYTIME2005 -

The ‘Offshore Plant Industry’ means a wide range of industries including all kinds of service related to engineering, manufacturing, building various structures including facilities for developing offshore sources of oil & gas, supplying, transportation, installation, operation, maintenance as well as dismantling in a final stage of life. Because most of offshore works take place in the middle of the ocean, ‘Ship’ plays a major role in all offshore related services. Offshore Support Vessels (hereinafter OSV) are specially designed ships for the logistical servicing of offshore platforms, transportation, installations, anchor handling and multi-purposes. In offshore marine contracting for OSV chartering, Owner and Charterer sign the contract for Time Charter party in many cases in a view of hiring during a certain period. In these cases, it requires any standard and regular contract format. As one of the Time Charter parties, SUPPLYTIME is a standard contract used by offshore industry to charter vessels for offshore marine operations, can be used on everything from half-day charters to the long term of several years. SUPPLYTIME was first introduced in 1975 to meet the demand for a specialized contract for chartering of offshore support vessels. It has later been revised three times to reflect current industry practice and developments first in 1989, then in 2005 and now in 2017. Above all, SUPPLYTIME 2005 has been very popular and is still widely used more frequently than the latest edition in the market. A number of researches have been conducted on NYPE(New York Produce Exchange) or BALTIME, which are charter party for a general cargo ship. However, relatively it seems much lack in study for SUPPLYTIME for the OSV time chartering except for the analysis of dispute resolution and some other terms. This thesis is a presentation of the analysis of general content, specific characteristics compared to NYPE, BALTIME and other time charter party standards, and it deals with the main functions and interpretation standards on the legal relationship between Owner and Charterer centered on the key clauses of SUPPLYTIME 2005. Some of the conflicts and disputes that may arise due to the unambiguous interpretation of the standard terms or not set forth defined in clauses shall be introduced. And it is suggested the ways of mutual agreement to prevent them in advance. In particular, this study focuses on the issues of responsibilities and rights between both parties which may be major legal points, Knock-for-Knock principle, off-hire and early termination. This study may be considered as significant in that, it will contribute to providing the practical guidance and interpretation of key clauses for the settlement of the disputes for commercial workers in the offshore business. Offshore construction involves large capital investments and has a very complex process with a number of participants simultaneously. For those parties who charter OSV, the potential economic loss is very serious. Because the delay of the entire offshore project progress caused by the tiny breakdown of one OSV may bring about massive economic loss. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly define the responsibilities between Owner and Charterer as well as careful work scope analysis. However, it is most important to build a strong trust in relations mutually as offshore contractual economic risk is much higher than normal vessel hiring. |‘해양플랜트산업’이란 해양에너지자원인 석유와 가스, 기타 해저광물자원에 대한 탐사, 시추, 생산, 저장, 이송 등과 관련된 시설과 장비의 설계, 제작, 운영, 유지보수 및 해체를 모두 포함하는 광범위한 개념의 산업이다. 해양플랜트산업은 바다 한 가운데서 이루어지기 때문에 ‘선박’이 주요한 역할을 하게 된다. 해양플랜트의 물류 서비스, 운송, 설치, 앵커 핸들링 및 다목적 기능 등을 수행하기 위해 특수 설계된 선박을 해양플랜트 지원선박(Offshore Support Vessels : OSV)이라 한다. OSV의 용선실무에 있어, 선박소유자와 용선자는 선박을 일정기간 동안 용선하는 방식의 정기용선계약을 많이 체결하게 된다. 이 때, 정기용선계약서식을 필요로 하게 되는데, SUPPLYTIME 표준용선계약서식이 오프쇼어 업계에서 가장 많이 사용하는 대표적인 정기용선서식으로서 반나절의 짧은 기간부터 수년간의 장기간 용선계약까지 모든 경우에 사용될 수 있다. SUPPLYTIME은 해양유전개발이 점차 본격화됨에 따라 표준화된 용선계약서의 제정 필요성이 요구되어 BIMCO에 의하여 1975년 최초로 제정되었다. 이후 1989년, 2005년 그리고 2017년 총 3회의 개정이 이루어졌다. 가장 최신 서식인 SUPPLYTIME 2017이 있음에도 불구하고, SUPPLYTIME 2005 서식이 오프쇼어 업계에서 여전히 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 일반화물선의 정기용선계약서식인 미국의 뉴욕프로듀스(NYPE) 또는 영국의 볼타임(BALTIME) 서식에 관해서는 그동안 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으나, OSV의 정기용선표준계약서식인 SUPPLYTIME은 분쟁해결약관 및 주요 일부 약관에 대한 분석을 제외하고는 많은 연구가 진행되지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이 연구는 일반적인 용선론, NYPE와 BALTIME 및 타 정기용선서식과의 비교를 통하여 SUPPLYTIME 2005 서식의 특성을 파악하고, 주요 약관을 중심으로 선박소유자와 용선자간의 법적 관계에 관한 해석 기준을 제시한다. 표준약관의 해석이 모호하거나 약관으로 정하지 않고 있어 발생할 수 있는 갈등과 분쟁사항을 일부 소개하고 이를 사전에 예방할 수 있는 상호 합의방안을 제시한다. 특히, SUPPLYTIME 2005 표준서식 이용 시, 주요 법적쟁점이 될 수 있는 양 당사자간의 책임과 권리, 자손자변 원칙의 적용, 용선료 지급정지 및 조기계약해지 문제에 중점을 둔다. 이 연구를 통해 오프쇼어 업계의 계약관련 실무자들이 SUPPLYTIME 2005 주요 약관의 해석내용과 분쟁방지를 위한 실무지침을 제공받을 수 있기를 기대한다. 해양플랜트공사는 대규모 자본이 투입되고 수많은 공사 참여자들로 인해 복합적인 공정이 동시에 진행된다. OSV를 용선하여 해양플랜트공사 및 지원을 수행하는 당사자에게 있어서, 잠재되어 있는 경제적 손실 위험성은 매우 크다. OSV 한 척의 작은 고장으로 인한 공사 전체의 작업지연은 공사 참여자에게 천문학적인 금전적 손실을 초래하기 때문이다. 따라서, OSV를 용선하기 위해서는 선박소유자와 용선자간 사전에 면밀한 작업공정 분석과 상세한 책임범위 구분이 필요하며 무엇보다 가장 중요한 사항은 표준약관의 구성과 내용보다는 양 당사자간의 신의와 성실이 우선시 되어야 하겠다.국문초록 iv Abstract vi 제1장 서론 1 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 4 제2장 해양플랜트 지원선박과 관련된 용선계약의 개관 6 제1절 해양플랜트 지원선박의 개요 6 1. 해양플랜트 지원선박의 개념 6 2. 해양플랜트 지원선박의 운항 형태 6 3. 해양플랜트 지원선박의 종류 9 제2절 해양플랜트 지원선박과 관련된 용선계약의 종류 및 실무 검토 14 1. 해양플랜트 지원선박 용선계약의 구분 14 2. 해양플랜트 지원선박 용선계약 체결절차 16 3. 해양플랜트 지원선박 용선계약서식 18 제3장 SUPPLYTIME2005 정기용선계약 표준서식의 주요내용 21 제1절 SUPPLYTIME 정기용선계약 표준서식의 개요 21 1. SUPPLYTIME 정기용선계약 표준서식 개정 연혁 21 2. SUPPLYTIME 정기용선계약 표준서식의 실무적 특징 22 제2절 SUPPLYTIME2005 정기용선계약 표준서식의 분석 25 1. SUPPLYTIME2005 정기용선계약 표준서식의 구성 25 2. SUPPLYTIME89 와의 주요 개정 약관 비교 26 제3절 SUPPLYTIME2005 정기용선계약 표준서식 주요 약관에 대한 해석 30 1. 일반적인 약관 30 (1) 정의 규정 30 (2) 선박의 인도와 반선 32 (3) 선박의 상태 34 (4) 사용과 작업구역 36 (5) 선장과 선원 38 (6) 연료유 40 2. 선박소유자와 용선자간의 책임관련 약관 43 (1) 선박소유자의 부담 43 (2) 용선자의 부담 43 (3) 용선료의 지급 44 (4) 용선료의 지급중단 46 (5) 책임과 배상 49 (6) 대체선박의 제공 50 (7) 계약의 조기해지 51 3. 기타 약관 52 (1) 인명 및 해난구조 52 (2) 분쟁해결 52 제4장 SUPPLYTIME2005 정기용선계약 표준서식의 주요 법적 쟁점 54 제1절 선박소유자와 용선자간의 책임과 권리 54 1. 선박소유자의 책임과 권리 54 2. 용선자의 책임과 권리 56 3. 판례 및 시사점 58 (1) Sly Fox호 사건의 판례 검토 58 (2) 예인선 제301호와 부선 제107대원호 사건의 판례 검토 61 제2절 자손자변의 원칙 64 1. 자손자변의 의의 64 2. 자손자변과 분쟁 65 3. A Turtle호 사건의 판례 검토 71 제3절 용선료 지급정지와 조기계약해지 74 1. 용선료 지급정지 74 2. 조기계약해지 77 3. Great Dhriti호 사건의 판례 검토 80 제5장 결론 84 참고문헌 89 부록 BIMCO SUPPLYTIME2005 표준서식 96Maste

A Study on Design and Fabrication of Complex Type EM Wave Absorber with Super Wide-band Characteristics

With the progress of the electronics industry and radio communication technology, humans enjoy greater freedom in communication. On the other hand, certain problems, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS), have arisen due to the increased use of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, finding a countermeasure against unwanted electromagnetic waves has become very important, along with finding the measurements of EMI and EMS. International organizations such as CISPR, FCC, ANSI, etc. have provided the standard for the electromagnetic (EM) wave environment and the countermeasure of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). An important application of absorbers is for the construction of an anechoic chamber. EM wave absorbers for anechoic chambers need broad-band absorption characteristics. In order to satisfy the international standards of anechoic chambers for EMI and EMS measurement, the absorption characteristics of absorbers must be higher than 20 dB over the frequency band from 30 MHz to 1 GHz. Since November 1998, however, the CISPR11 has required that the frequency bandwidth to be measured should be extended from 1 GHz to 18 GHz additionally. Since the tile ferrite EM wave absorber has an absorption frequency band from 30 MHz to 400 MHz, and the grid ferrite has an absorption frequency band from 30 MHz to 870 MHz, a new EM wave absorber with more wide-band characteristics is needed. Therefore, in this paper, an EM wave absorber with super wide-band frequency characteristics was proposed and designed in order to satisfy the above requirements by using the EMCM. As a result, the proposed absorber has absorption characteristics higher than 20 dB over the frequency band from 30 MHz to more than 20 GHz. Furthermore, simulation has been carried out using FDTD method instead of the EMCM for improving the accuracy.제 1 장 서론 = 1 1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 = 1 1.2 연구 방법 = 2 제 2 장 전파흡수체 이론 = 4 2.1 전파흡수체의 분류 = 5 2.2 전파흡수체 분포정수회로화 = 17 제 3 장 적층형 초광대역 전파흡수체 설계 = 26 3.1 Hemishpere 타입 광대역 전파 흡수체의 설계 = 26 3.2 등가재료정수법 = 30 3.3 유한차분시간영역법 = 39 3.4 등가재료를 이용한 FDTD 방법 = 54 3.5 적층형 전파흡수체의 해석 = 57 제 4 장 시뮬레이션 및 실측정값 비교 = 60 제 5 장 결론 = 64 참고문헌 = 6

Prevention of Dementia in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of arrhythmia in the elderly population and increases stroke risk by a factor of 4- to 5-fold. There is increasing evidence to suggest that incident AF may contribute to the development of dementia, independent of overt stroke. In particular, relatively younger patients with AF are more prone to dementia development than older patients with AF. Evidence is accumulating regarding the possible treatment strategies for preventing dementia in patients with AF. Oral anticoagulation may be effective for reducing the risk of dementia, even in patients with low stroke risks. Among oral anticoagulants, the use of non-vitamin K antagonists have been associated with a considerably decreased risk of dementia than warfarin. Moreover, successful catheter ablation for AF has also been associated with decreased dementia risk compared to medical therapy, suggesting that restoration of sinus rhythm, and not the ablation procedure itself, as the important mechanism in the prevention of AF-associated dementia. Among midlife patients with AF, there appeared to be a U-shaped association of blood pressure (BP) and a linear association of hypertension with dementia risk. A BP of 120 to 129/80 to 84 mmHg has been identified as the optimal range. Finally, integrated management of AF was associated with a reduced risk of dementia in AF patients.ope

Optimal Rhythm Control Strategy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

For almost 20 years, data regarding the effect of rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) on cardiovascular prognosis in comparison with rate control therapy has not been conclusive. The safety of rhythm control and anticoagulation therapy has generally improved. Recently, it was revealed that a rhythm-control strategy reduced the risk of adverse cardiovascular events than usual rate control in patients with recent AF (diagnosed within 1 year). Within 1 year after the AF diagnosis, early initiation of rhythm control led to more favorable cardiovascular outcomes than rate control. Early rhythm control reduced the risks of stroke and heart failure-related admission than rate control. Moreover, rhythm control was associated with lower dementia risk than rate control. Finally, early rhythm control treatment was also effective in patients with asymptomatic AF but less effective in older adults. Therefore, in patients with AF, rhythm control should be considered at earlier stages, regardless of symptom.ope

Glycyrrhizin, inhibitor of high mobility group box-1, attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in rats.

BACKGROUND: High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, both of which are crucial for the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we explored the relationship between HMGB1 and pulmonary hypertension and whether glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, attenuates disease progression in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline sodium (MCT). METHODS: After inducing pulmonary hypertension through a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats, we administered daily intraperitoneal injections of either glycyrrhizin (GLY, 50 mg/kg), an inhibitor of HMGB1, or saline (control) for either 4 or 6 weeks. RESULTS: Expression levels of HMGB1 in serum increased from the second week after MCT injection and remained elevated throughout the experiment periods. Lung tissue levels of HMGB1 assessed by immunohistochemical staining at 4 weeks after MCT injection also increased. Chronic inhibition of HMGB1 by GLY treatment reduced the MCT-induced increase in right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, RV hypertrophy (ratio of RV to [left ventricle + septum]), and pulmonary inflammation. MCT-induced muscularization of the pulmonary artery was also attenuated in the GLY-treated group. As assessed 6 weeks after MCT injection, the GLY-treated group exhibited increased survival (90% [18 of 20]) when compared with the control group (60% [12 of 20]; p =0.0027). CONCLUSIONS: Glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, attenuates pulmonary hypertension progression and pulmonary vascular remodeling in the MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential of HMGB1 as a novel therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension.ope

Effect of bisphosphonate on temporomandibular joint in osteopenia-induced rats by botulinum toxin A injection on masticatory muscle: a preliminary study

Background: Botulinum toxin injection on the masticatory muscle induces the osteopenic condition on the ipsilateral condyle. Bisphosphonate suppresses bone resorption and is used to treat osteopenic or osteoporotic condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate administration on prevention of condylar resorption and botulinum toxin A-induced disuse osteopenia in rats. Results: The volume of the condyle and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV, %) showed a strong tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.052 and 0.058). Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm) and trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) were significantly smaller in the Botox group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The volume of the condyle and BV/TV in the bisphosphonate 100 and bisphosphonate 200 groups showed similar values when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Bisphosphonate administration after botulinum toxin A injection in the masticatory muscles appears to prevent condyle resorption and botulinum toxin-induced disuse osteopenia in rats.ope

Cystic Lesion with Sinus Tract and Pathologic Migration of the Third Molar

There are many case reports about cysts within the bones of the jaws associated with impacted third molars. When osmotic pressure is introduced into a cyst, the cyst expands and displaces the third molar. If continuity of cyst wall is lost, cystic expansion cannot occur, and the cyst cannot displace the third molar. This study analyzed four cases of pathologic migration of the third molar in ruptured cystic lesions that had formed bone tunnels and intraoral fistulas to identify the causes and factors ontributing to this migration. Authors hypothesized that closure of fistulas repeated generation of pressure, it may temporarily increase the osmotic pressure within a cyst that has lost its continuity, causing displacement of the third molar. A cyst that has lost its continuity due to fistula formation within the oral cavity can cause ectopic displacement of the adjacent impacted teeth.ope

Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis extending to the temporal bone: a report of two cases

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign lesion originating from the synovial membrane. It presents as adhesive or non-adhesive intra-articular cartilaginous loose bodies. Although the causes of synovial chondromatosis have not been fully elucidated, inflammation, external injury, or excessive use of joints have been suggested as possible causes. Synovial chondromatosis has been reported to occur most frequently at large joints that bear weights, with a rare occurrence at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). When synovial chondromatosis develops at TMJ, clinical symptoms, including pain, joint sounds, and mouth opening may common. Moreover, synovial chondromatosis rarely spreads to the mandibular condyle, glenoid cavity, or articular eminence of TMJ. The goal of this study was to discuss the methods of surgery and other possible considerations by reviewing cases of patients who underwent surgery for synovial chondromatosis that extended to the temporal bone.ope

Sex Difference in Effectiveness of Early Rhythm- over Rate-Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between sex and the relative effect of rhythm control over rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Service database to select patients treated for atrial fibrillation within one year after diagnosis. The primary composite outcome comprised cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, heart failure hospitalization, or acute myocardial infarction. Results: During the mean follow-up (4.9 ± 3.2 years), the benefit of rhythm control over rate control on the primary composite outcome became statistically insignificant after 3 months from atrial fibrillation diagnosis in women while remained steadily until 12 months in men. The risk of primary composite outcome for rhythm control was lower than that for rate control in both sexes if it was initiated within 6 months (men: HR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.79-0.94; women: HR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.78-0.93; P for interaction = 0.844). However, there was significant interaction between sex and the relative effect of rhythm control if it was initiated after 6 months (men: HR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.52-0.99; women: HR = 1.32, 95%CI = 0.92-1.88; P for interaction = 0.018). Conclusion: Rhythm control resulted in lower risk of primary composite outcome than rate control in both sexes; however, the treatment initiation at an earlier stage might be considered in women.ope