25 research outputs found

    A Study on the Countermeasures against Illegal Operation of Chinese fishing vessels

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์—…์งˆ์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์—ญ์„ ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํฌ์‹œ ์™ธ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์„ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •๋น„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹จ์†๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ง„์••์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์ฐจ์›์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์˜ ๊ทผ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์†ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ณ Abstract โ…ด ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 4 โ… . ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ 4 โ…ก. ๋‹จ์† ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 6 โ…ข. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์œ ํ˜• 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋‹จ์† ์‹คํƒœ 10 โ… . ํ•œยท์ค‘ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„ยท๋‹จ์†์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 10 โ…ก. ๊ตญ์™ธ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„ยท๋‹จ์†์ œ๋„ 15 โ…ข. ์–ด์„  ๋ฐ ์„ ์›์˜ ๋‹จ์† ์ €ํ•ญ ์‹คํƒœ 19 โ…ฃ. ๋‹จ์† ์ €ํ•ญ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 20 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋‚˜ํฌ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 24 โ… . ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‹จ ๋‹จ์† ์ ˆ์ฐจ 24 โ…ก. ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ๋‹จ์† ์ ˆ์ฐจ 27 โ…ข. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 28 โ…ฃ. ํŠน์ˆ˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 30 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๋‹จ์† ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” 32 โ… . ๊ตญ์ œํ•ด์–‘๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํŠน์ง• 32 โ…ก. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์˜ ์ •์˜ 33 โ…ข. IUU ์–ด์—… 34 โ…ฃ. ๋™๋ถ์•„์˜ EEZ ์ฒด์ œ 37 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๋‹จ์† ๊ทœ๋ฒ” 39 โ… . ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 39 โ…ก. ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 51 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๋‹จ์†์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  58 โ… . ํ–‰์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  58 โ…ก. ๋ฒ•์ œ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  59 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์„ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฒ•์ง‘ํ–‰์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 61 โ… . ๋‹จ์†์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์† ๊ฐ•ํ™” 61 โ…ก. ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ธˆ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 62 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฒ•์ œ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 64 โ… . ํ•ด์ƒ๊ฒ€๋ฌธ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ™” 64 โ…ก. ์ถ”์ ๊ถŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ์ถ• 66 โ…ข. ์„ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ต๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 67 โ…ฃ. ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—…์„ ์˜ ๋ชฐ์ˆ˜ 69 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 70 โ… . ๊ณ„๋„ ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ค€๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ์œ ๋„ 70 โ…ก. ์™ธ๊ต์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 70 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธ

    Helicobacter pylori bab Paralog Distribution and Association with cagA, vacA, and homA/B Genotypes in American and South Korean Clinical Isolates

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    Helicobacter pylori genetic variation is a crucial component of colonization and persistence within the inhospitable niche of the gastric mucosa. As such, numerous H. pylori genes have been shown to vary in terms of presence and genomic location within this pathogen. Among the variable factors, the Bab family of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has been shown to differ within subsets of strains. To better understand genetic variation among the bab genes and to determine whether this variation differed among isolates obtained from different geographic locations, we characterized the distribution of the Bab family members in 80 American H. pylori clinical isolates (AH) and 80 South Korean H. pylori clinical isolates (KH). Overall, we identified 23 different bab genotypes (19 in AH and 11 in KH), but only 5 occurred in greater than 5 isolates. Regardless of strain origin, a strain in which locus A and locus B were both occupied by a bab gene was the most common (85%); locus C was only occupied in those isolates that carried bab paralog at locus A and B. While the babA/babB/- genotype predominated in the KH (78.8%), no single genotype could account for greater than 40% in the AH collection. In addition to basic genotyping, we also identified associations between bab genotype and well known virulence factors cagA and vacA. Specifically, significant associations between babA at locus A and the cagA EPIYA-ABD motif (P<0.0001) and the vacA s1/i1/m1 allele (P<0.0001) were identified. Log-linear modeling further revealed a three-way association between bab carried at locus A, vacA, and number of OMPs from the HOM family (P<0.002). En masse this study provides a detailed characterization of the bab genotypes from two distinct populations. Our analysis suggests greater variability in the AH, perhaps due to adaptation to a more diverse host population. Furthermore, when considering the presence or absence of both the bab and homA/B paralogs at their given loci and the vacA genotype, an association was observed. Our results highlight the multifactorial nature of H. pylori mediated disease and the importance of considering how the specific combinations of H. pylori virulence genes and their multiple interactions with the host will collectively impact disease progression.ope

    Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract against Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation in Mongolian gerbils

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    Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation includes induction of inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which are mediated by oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-ฮบB. High levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biomarker of neutrophil infiltration, are observed in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Panax ginseng Meyer, a Korean herb medicine, is widely used in Asian countries for its biological activities including anti-inflammatory efficacy. The present study aims to investigate whether Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) inhibits H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation in Mongolian gerbils. One wk after intragastric inoculation with H. pylori, Mongolian gerbils were fed with either the control diet or the diet containing RGE (200 mg RGE/gerbil) for 6 wk. The following were determined in gastric mucosa: the number of viable H. pylori in stomach; MPO activity; LPO level; mRNA and protein levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant factor (KC, a rodent IL-8 homolog), IL-1ฮฒ, and iNOS; protein level of phospho-IฮบBฮฑ (which reflects the activation of NF-ฮบB); and histology. As a result, RGE suppressed H. pylori-induced mRNA and protein levels of KC, IL-1ฮฒ, and iNOS in gastric mucosa. RGE also inhibited H. pylori-induced phosphorylation of IฮบBฮฑ and increases in LPO level and MPO activity of gastric mucosa. RGE did not affect viable H. pylori colonization in the stomach, but improved the histological grade of infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, intestinal metaplasia, and hyperplasia. In conclusion, RGE inhibits H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by suppressing induction of inflammatory mediators (KC, IL-1ฮฒ, iNOS), MPO activity, and LPO level in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa.ope

    The geographic origin of Helicobacter pylori influences the association of the homB gene with gastric cancer

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    We found that South Korean Helicobacter pylori isolates predominantly carry homB at locus B and that there is no association between the homB allele and the cagA allele or the development of gastric cancer within this population. Uniquely, several East Asian strains carried multiple copies of the hom genes.ope

    The Effects of the Family Relationship Quality on Health among Korean Middle Aged Baby Boomers: Focusing on the Effects on Reducing the Health Differences by Socioeconomic Status

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์กฑํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ํ•œ๊ฒฝํ˜œ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋…„๊ธฐ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์ฒด์  ์•ˆ๋…•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌใ€Œํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ ํŒจ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌใ€1์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2010) ์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 4264๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ์ดํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ ๋น„์œจ์ด 34%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์•ฝ 12%์ธ 525๋ช…์ด ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ž๋…€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ž๋…€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์ดํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ•ญ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ ์™„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์šธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด, ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ•ญ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜๋„์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ํšก๋‹จ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ์ • ์ง“๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 8 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ 9 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ 12 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 1. ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 15 2. ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ 16 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„ 18 4. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™ 19 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 21 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 21 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 25 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 26 1. ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 26 2. ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 31 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 34 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 39 ๋ถ€๋ก 49 Abstract 66Maste

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    ็Ÿณ่ฐท ๆŽๅœญๆ™™(1855~1923, ๅญ—: ๅ”็Ž„)์€ ์˜ํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ้†ซ่€…์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๅ„’่€…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ทœ์ค€์˜ ์˜ํ•™ ํŽธ์ €์ธ ์™€ ๆ‰ถ้™ฝ้†ซๅญธ ์ฆ‰, ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ้™ฝ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•™์„ค์€ ์ผ์ฐ์ด ํ•œ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ฑด๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ํ•™์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ž„์ƒ ํ•œ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์–‘์˜ํ•™์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ•™์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€์–‘์˜ํ•™์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.During the Japanese Colonial Period, the people criticized the Confucian scholars for obsolete way of thinking in Korea, and through this demanded change of thinking to them. In response, some Confucians asserted the Confucian classics was a great achievement of Confucius' political thought, therefore clear understanding of it was the way out of the national crisis. Lee Gyujun is the representative sample of them. through my analysis, I have determined that his commentaries originates in the inquiries about Zhuxi's commentary. Today, Korean scholars must overcome the pressure of needing to refute the colonial view of history, correction of distortions on the view of history being caused by the colonization, regain the appropriate view of Confucianism history
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