Anti‐inflammatory effect of platelet‐rich plasma on nucleus pulposus cells with response of TNF‐α and IL‐1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with collagen matrix on human nucleus pulposus (NP) cell in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). NP cells from human disks were cultured in a monolayer and maintained in the collagen matrix prior to the addition of recombinant human IL-1 and TNF-α. After applying IL-1 and TNF-α, PRP prepared by using a commercially available platelet concentration system was added. The response was investigated using real-time PCR for mRNA expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The combination of IL-1β and TNF-α led to decrease of matrix synthesis gene expression such as collagen type II and aggrecan and increase of the degradation gene expression of COX-2 and MMP-3, compared to the control. Consecutive PRP exposure significantly recovered the down-regulated gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan and significantly reduced the increased MMP-3 and COX-2 gene expression, compared to that of control groups with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The administration of PRP with collagen matrix markedly suppressed cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory degrading enzymes and mediators in the NP cell. It also rescued gene expression concerning matrix synthesis, thereby stabilizing NP cell differentiation.ope

Follistatin Mitigates Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Synthesis of Fibroblasts from Scar Tissue around Injured Flexor Tendons

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FST gene on the inhibition of fibrosis in fibroblastic cells from scar tissue around repaired zone II flexor tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was conducted on fibroblast cells transfected with adenovirus-LacZ (Ad-LacZ) as a marker gene (control), or with adenovirus-FST (Ad-FST) as a therapeutic gene. Fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposure served as controls. RESULTS: Fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST demonstrated significant decrease in collagen type I, MMP-1, MMP2, and α-SMA mRNA expressions compared to those transfected with Ad-LacZ. In addition, fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST exhibited significant decrease in MMP-1, TIMP-1, fibronectin, PAI-1, TRPV4, α-SMA, desmin, and PAX7 protein expressions. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, we conclude that FST may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing scar adhesions around repaired tendons by inhibiting fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts, in addition to producing type I collagen and regulating extracellular matrix turnover via the downregulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. FST may also decrease contracture of the scar by inhibiting Ca2+-dependent cell contraction.ope

Relaxin Modulates the Expression of MMPs and TIMPs in Fibroblasts of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of relaxin in subsynovial fibroblasts activated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test the anti-fibrotic effect of an adenovirus-relaxin construct (Ad-RLN) on subsynovial fibroblasts in vitro, cells from subsynovial connective tissue of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were activated with TGF-β1 and exposed to Ad-RLN (as a therapeutic gene) or adenovirus-lacZ construct (as a marker gene) for four hours. Subsynovial fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposure served as controls. RESULTS: We observed induction of gene expressions of collagen I, III and IV, as well as the abatement of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) synthesis, Smad2 phosphorylation, and fibronectin at the protein level, in comparison to controls. In addition, protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) I was significantly induced, whereas the protein expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) I and IV were reduced due to relaxin expression. CONCLUSION: RLN prevents excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix by reducing the expressions of its components, such as fibronectin, a-SMA, and phosphorylated Smad2, by increasing the expression of MMPs; and by decreasing the expression of TIMPs.ope

Efficacy and Safety of Different Aceclofenac Treatments for Chronic Lower Back Pain: Prospective, Randomized, Single Center, Open-Label Clinical Trials

PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a mainstay for medical treatment of chronic lower back pain (CLBP). Increased dose intervals for medication have been associated with increased patient adherence to prescriptions. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of a once daily dose of aceclofenac controlled release (CR) and a twice daily dose of aceclofenac for CLBP management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, single center, open-label clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of aceclofenac CR (200 mg once daily) to aceclofenac dose (100 mg twice daily). Fifty patients in each group were enrolled for the study. The primary end point was Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) change at baseline to that at 2 weeks after medication and safety profiles. Also, change in quality of life measured by EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) functional score for the lumbar spine were also assessed. RESULTS: Within groups at pre- and post-treatment, there were significant VAS reductions for aceclofenac CR and aceclofenac (p=0.028). EQ-5D increased significantly in both groups (p=0.037). ODI scores decreased significantly in both groups (p=0.012). However, there were no significant differences between aceclofenac CR and aceclofenac at pre- and post-treatment. Patients with aceclofenac CR showed significant increases in heartburn and indigestion and adverse gastrointestinal effects, compared to aceclofenac. CONCLUSION: In patients with CLBP, aceclofenac CR and aceclofenac demonstrated significant symptomatic pain relief, improvement in quality of life and functional scores. Aceclofenac CR slightly increased gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as heartburn and indigestion.ope

Pamidronate Down-regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells

BACKGROUND: N-containing bisphosphonates (BPs), such as pamidronate and risedronate, can inhibit osteoclastic function and reduce osteoclast number by inducing apoptotic cell death in osteoclasts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of pamidronate, second generation nitrogen-containing BPs and to elucidate matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) mRNA expression under serum starvation and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation on metabolism of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in vitro. METHODS: Firstly, to test the effect of pamidronate on IVD cells in vitro, various concentrations (10(-12), 10(-10), 10(-8), and 10(-6) M) of pamidronate were administered to IVD cells. Then DNA and proteoglycan synthesis were measured and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of type I collagen, type II collagen, and aggrecan were analyzed. Secondly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in human IVD cells under the lower serum status, IVD cells were cultivated in full serum or 1% serum. Thirdly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in IVD cells under the stimulation of 1% serum and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) In this study, IVD cells were cultivated in three dimensional alginate bead. RESULTS: Under the lower serum culture, IVD cells in alginate beads showed upregulation of MMP 2, 3, 9, 13 mRNA. The cells in lower serum and TNF-α also demonstrated upregulation of MMP-2, 3, 9, and 13 mRNA. The cells with various doses of pamidronate and lower serum and TNF-α were reveled partial down-regulation of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS: Pamidronate, N-containing second generation BPs, was safe in metabolism of IVD in vitro maintaining chondrogenic phenotype and matrix synthesis, and down-regulated TNF-α induced MMPs expression.ope

Study of Interface Using Human Sense Organs In Interactive Media : Centered On the Expressions of 'Tree' and 'Spirit Fire' In Media Art

현재 우리는 컴퓨터 관련 기술 발달의 속도가 엄청나게 가속화된 시대에 살아가고 있다. 1970년대 중반 가장 초보적인 데스크탑 컴퓨터의 출현 이후 대량의 텍스트 데이터의 저장이 가능한 486 컴퓨터로 발전하는 시간이 10년이 넘게 걸렸지만 펜티엄급 고성능 컴퓨터로의 발전은 5년 정도였고 95년 이후 컴퓨터 관련 기술 업그레이드의 속도는 매 1년 단위가 배가 되어가고 있다. 그리고 97년 정도까지만 해도 컴퓨터 하드웨어 기술의 중요성이 우위에 있었지만 인터넷이라는 범세계적인 통신수단이 탄생한 이후에는 컴퓨터의 하드웨어 기술의 발전과 더불어 더욱 중요해진 개념으로 소프트웨어 개발을 통한 '컴퓨터의 인간화'를 목표로 하는 지향성을 들 수 있다. 기계의 매체의 역할과 기능은 우리 인간의 한계를 뛰어넘어 더욱 확대되고 있을 뿐 아니라 그 이상의 형식적인 장치들로 보강되어 가고 있다. 그리고 인간의 한계를 뛰어 넘을 수 있는 컴퓨터 기기에 대해서, 인간과 디지털 정보가 인터랙션 하는 것에 대한 관심이 점점 고조되고 있다. 그리고 현 단계에서는 인간과 디지털이 정보교류차원의 단순 인터랙션 하는 것에서 더 나아가 인간이 기계를 교육적이고 오락적인 경험들을 창조하는 강력한 도구들로 이용하고 있다. 그러나 상업적인 컴퓨터 기계(예를 들면 PDA나 포터블 멀티미디어 기기)와 인간이 커뮤니케이션 하는 방식은 인간이 기계에 참여적이고 상호작용적이긴 하지만, 그 방법에 한계성을 가지고 있다. 우선, 현실적으로 상업화를 목적으로 하기 때문에 인터페이스의 현실적 제약사항이 많다. 그리고 그러한 상업적 기기들은 개인이 뚜렷한 목적을 가지고 사용하는 기기이기 때문에 그 사용성에 의미를 많이 두게 된다. 멀티미디어 컴퓨터 기기에 대한 사용성 연구는 사용자가 그 기기를 이용하고자 할 때 보다 빠르고, 보다 쉽게 접근하는 방식에 대한 연구이다. 그리고 사용자가 기기를 적극적으로 사용함으로써 보다 기기가 개성화되고 개인화 되지만 상호작용에 있어 기계를 통한 인간과 미디어의 정보 교류에 보다 더 큰 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인간과 기계가 상호작용하면서 문제 해결을 하는 과정 보다는 정서적인 특성을 지니고 인간과 기계가 상호작용 하면서, 내면에서는 미디어를 통한 인간과 인간이 감성적으로 상호 커뮤니케이션을 할 수 있는 인터랙티브 미디어 아트의 인터페이스에 대하여 연구하고자 한다. 이러한 미디어와 인간의 관계를 보다 친숙하게 연결시켜 주려는 노력은 여러 곳에서 더욱 더 다양하고 실험적으로 진행되고 있으며, 보다 더 감성적으로 접근하려고 노력하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 감각기관에 대한 이해를 가지고 미디어와 인간이 상호작용 할 수 있는 인터페이스에 대한 연구를 하고 인간이 본질적으로 가지고 있는 정서에 대한 원형을 찾아서 연구하여 인터랙티브 미디어 아트에 대한 표현을 연구하고자 한다. 1 장에서는 인터랙티브 미디어의 개념 정립과 환경적 특성을 분석하고 인터랙티브 미디어 상에서 미디어와 사용자간의 감성적 인터페이스를 통한 상호작용과 새로운 가능성과 가치에 대해 탐색한다. 또한 커뮤니케이션 미디어의 환경변화를 탐색하고, 그 변화에 따라 활성화 되고 있는 커뮤니케이션의 개념 및 특성에 대해 분석한다. 2 장에서는 인간의 감각기관과 인지, 지각, 행동, 감성의 개념과 상관관계를 알아보고, 감성 커뮤니케이션에 대한 이해에 대해서 연구한다. 그리고 인터랙티브 미디어에서 감성커뮤니케이션이 융합될 때 그 영향과 가치에 대해서 알아본다. 3 장에서는 감성에 대한 연구 결과를 토대로 인간이 가지고 있는 정서의 원형에 대해서 알아보고, 인간의 감성적 원형의 소재 중에서 한국인의 민족적 정서의 소재인 '나무'와 '혼불'에 대해서 연구한다. 그리고 한국인의 민족 정서의 소재인 '나무'와 '혼불'에 대하여 인터랙티브 미디어에서 인간의 감각기관을 이용하여 다양한 '상호작용'을 실현할 수 있는 감성 인터페이스를 구현하고자 한다. 이러한 미디어 아트는 이론적 측면에서 한국인의 민족정서를 소재로 '감성 커뮤니케이션'을 기반으로 하는 참여적이면서도 상호작용 가능한 감성 인터페이스를 제작하고자 한다. 기술적인 측면에서는 디지털 기술 기반으로 미디어 프로그램을 활용하여 제작하고, 참여자가 감각기관을 이용하여 상호작용 할 수 있도록 압력센서를 사용한 인터페이스를 제작하고자 한다. 그리고 사용자로 하여금 인간의 감각기관을 이용한 인터페이스를 사용하면서 인터랙티브 미디어 환경에서 감성 커뮤니케이션을 할 수 있도록 표현하고자 한다.;Now we are living in the world seeing rapid developments in computer related technologies. Although more than a decade has been taken to see 486-grade computers capable of storing a great deal of text data since the appearance of the most fundamental desk-top computers in the middle of 1970s, the pentium-level high-capacity computers emerged in 5 years. Moreover, the speed of technological upgrades has doubled almost every year. In fact, more importance had been attached to hardware technologies until 1997. But since then, the focus has been on 'humanization of computer' through the developments of software with the birth of the global communication means, that is, Internet. The role and function of media has been increasingly expanded beyond human limitations and reinforced with a variety of devices. Likewise, many people pay attention to interaction between human beings and digital information through these computers. The computer interface design began when J. C. R. Licklider released the paper entitled "Man-Computer Symbiosis" in 1960. The study of man-computer interface early in 1960s was divided into two. One was interaction and the other was focused on using various senses. The study was being mainly led by the media laboratory affiliated with the US's MIT. The latest study of the lab was Tangible User Interface (TUI) represented by Tangible Bits associated with materials or objects in our daily livings. The TUI makes it possible to recognize surrounding bits like illumination, sound, flow of air, and movement of water through display media. Tangible bits are thus aimed to bridge the gaps between virtual and actual spaces, human beings and environments. These efforts to connect more friendly media and human beings have been made through a lot of experiments. So we intend to study the interface in which digital information and human beings interact each other using human sense-organs. This study has the purpose of enabling users to feel aesthethic pleasure from digital information, that is, Bits, though their sense-organs while bridging the gaps between virtual information and reality. Chapter 1 defines the interactive media, analyzes environmental characteristics, and looks for new opportunities and values from the emotional interface between media and users at the interactive media. In addition, it pursues environmental changes of communication media and analyzes concepts and features of new communications thereform. Chapter 2 pursues definitions of human sense-organs, recognition, perception, action, and emotion, and their correlations and studies understanding of emotional communications. It is also intended to understand effects and values from the fusion of interactive media and emotional communication. Chapter 3 finds a prototype of human emotion with based on the results of the study and looks into the two essential elements inside the minds of Koreans, 'Tree' and 'Spirit Fire'. The interactive media is designed to implement the emotional interface capable of realizing a variety of 'interactions' using sense-organs. In a theorthical aspect, this media art is intended to make an emotional interface, both participatory and interactive, by using Korean unique materials. In a technological aspect, it is intended to produce media programs with based on digital technologies and make interfaces using input sensors which enables participants to interact by using sense organs. In addition, it has users to make emotional communications in an interactive media environment.목차 논문개요 = ⅶ 1. 서론 = 1 1.1 연구배경 및 목적 = 1 1.2 연구내용과 방법 = 2 2. 인터랙티브 미디어 분석 = 5 2.1 인터랙티브 미디어(Digital Interactive Media)의 개념 = 6 2.2 인터랙티브 미디어의 특징 = 6 2.3 인터랙티브 미디어의 환경 = 11 2.4 인터랙티브 미디어와 미학 = 13 3. 인간의 인지, 지각, 행동과 감성에 대한 고찰 = 15 3.1 지각, 감각, 인지, 행동의 상호관계 = 16 3.2 감성의 개념 = 21 3.3 감각기관에 따른 감성 = 27 3.3.1 청각과 감성 = 28 3.3.2 후각과 감성 = 29 3.3.3 촉각과 감성 = 32 3.3.4 시각과 감성 = 33 3.4 감성 커뮤니케이션의 이해 = 37 3.5 인터랙티브 미디어와 감성 커뮤니케이션의 융합 = 45 3.6 인터랙티브 미디어에 있어 감성 커뮤니케이션의 가치 = 47 4. 인터랙티브 미디어에 있어 인간의 감각기관을 이용한 인터페이스 표현 연구 = 48 4.1 전체개요 = 48 4.2 인터랙티브 미디어와 예술작품 = 48 4.3 예술작품에서의 공감각 = 50 4.4 사례연구 = 53 4.5 주제 선정 및 배경 = 61 4.6 나무와 불에 대한 민속 신앙적 정서 = 64 4.6.1 나무에 대한 한국의 민속 신앙적 정서 = 64 4.6.2 혼불에 대한 한국의 민속 신앙적 정서 = 67 4.7 제작 및 구현 = 69 4.7.1 작품1. ‘나무’ = 69 4.7.2 작품2. ‘혼불’ = 75 5. 결론 = 79 참고 문헌 = 82 Abstract = 8

뇌졸중 간호 웹사이트 개발 및 적용평가

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :간호학과 간호학전공,2003.Maste

Bi-compartmental 3D scaffolds for the co-culture of intervertebral disk cells and mesenchymal stem cells

The combination of electrospinning and the subsequent gelation of alginate produced bi-compartmental hydrogel consisting of a nanofiber-incorporated hydrogel matrix domain and a bare alginate hydrogel domain. The co-culture system was prepared by placing intervertebral disk (IVD) cells in the bare alginate hydrogel and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the nanofiber-incorporated hydrogel. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan assays revealed that the co-cultured groups produced more collagen type II, aggrecan, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) than the single-cultured hMSCs, confirming the enhanced differentiation of hMSCs in the co-culture system. It is expected that our bi-compartmental 3D scaffold can be applied to heterotypic co-culture systems for the study of various cell?cell interactionsrestrictio

Young Mi Kang

학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :의생명학과,2009. 2TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF ABBREVIATION vi I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 1. Culture of immortalized human neural stem cells (hNSCs) 5 2. Pretreatment of scaffold and cell seeding 5 3. ELISA of NT-3 6 4. Spinal cord injury and implantation of scaffold 7 5. Histological preparation . 8 6. Immuohistochemistory 8 7. Quantitative morphometry9 III. RESULTS12 1. Seeding NT-3 overexpressing hNSCs in PLGA scaffold 12 2. Implantation of PLGA seeded with hNSCs (PLGA-NT3.F3) 15 3. Detection of human neural stem cell in scaffold 18 4.Deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) in the lesion 22 5. Remodeling of serotonergic axons 24 IV. DISCUSSION 29 V. CONCLUSION 33 REFERENCES 34 국문요약 43 |LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. NT-3 overexpressing human neural stem cells 13 Fig. 2. Seeding human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in PLGA Scaffold 14 Fig. 3. Implantation of PLGA seeded with hNSCs (PLGA-NT3.F3) 16 Fig. 4. Area quantifications of spared tissue and residual scaffold 17 Fig. 5. Detection of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) 19 Fig. 6. Detection of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in white matter 20 Fig. 7. Differentiation of neural stem cells in white matter 21 Fig. 8. Deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the interface 23 Fig. 9. Detection of serotonergic neuron in lesion site by 5-HT staining 26 Fig. 10. Quantification of serotonergic neurons in caudal area : 5-HT staining 27 |LIST OF ABBREVIATION APC-CC1, anti-APC (Ab-7) mouse mAb (CC-1) BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor CNS, central nervous system CS-56, anti-chondroitin sulfate CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans DAPI, 4’, 6 –Diamidino-2-Phenylindole Dihydrochloride DMEM, dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium DW, distilledwater ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EM, electron microscope F3, human brain F3 GFAP, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein hNSC, human neural stem cell 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine Hu-Mito, anti-human mitochondria L, left NGF, nerve growth factor NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug NT3, neurotrophin-3 NT3.F3, neurotrophin-3 overexpressing F3 MAP2, anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 PBS, phosphate buffered saline PLA, poly lactic acid PLGA, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PGA, poly (glycolic acid) P/S, penicillin streptomycin R, right ROI, regions of interest RT, room temperature S or SC, scaffold SCI, spinal cord injury T, tissue VH, ventral horn WM, white matterMasterABSTRACT- Development of Combinatorial Strategies Employing Neural Stem Cells and Polymer Scaffold for Spinal Cord Repair Stem cell-based therapy holds promise to enhance functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Most evidence that transplantation of neural stem cells can produce beneficial outcomes after SCI has been derived from rodent models. Before being translated to human patients, it would be needed to examine the therapeutic effects in larger animal models where weight-bearing locomotion should be much more challenging. The present study examined therapeutic effects of a combinatorial strategy centering on human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in a canine hemisection SCI model. After traumatic injuries to the spinal cord, secondary injuries aggravate the extent of damage, expanding cystic cavities at the lesion site. Cavity wall is surrounded by glial scar and severely impedes axonal regrowth. Therefore, any regenerative strategy could be complemented with an attempt to bridge lesion cavities. In the current study, we implanted poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds to facilitate the delivery of neural stem cells. We sought to enhance therapeutic efficacy by ectopic expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the hNSCs. NT-3 overexpressing hNSCs (NT3.F3) were produced by retroviral transduction of the immortalized hNSC line (F3) with human NT-3 cDNA. NT3.F3 cells were seeded into a predesigned PLGA (65:35) scaffolds, and the PLGA scaffolds with hNSCs (PLGA-NT3.F3) were implanted immediately after left hemisection at T11 in female dogs weighing 20-30 kg. The PLGA scaffold seemed to nicely fill the lesion cavity, showing a varying degree of biodegradation by 12 weeks. Survival of grafted cells was confirmed at 2 weeks, and some of the grafted cells migrated to the host tissue. There were very few regenerating axons into the scaffold in both groups. Moreover, the ventral horns caudal to the hemisected region were more profusely innervated by serotonergic axons in animals with PLGA-NT3.F3. These findings raise a possibility that implantation of PLGA-NT3.F3 can produce beneficial motor outcomes by promoting axonal remodeling below the lesion. This study suggests that the therapeutic strategy combining multidisciplinary approaches can be feasible and effective for spinal cord repair in larger species. Key words: spinal cord injury; neural stem cells; NT3; PLGA scaffold; serotonergic axo