The Impact of Transfer Payments on Urban-rural Income Gap

自1994年分税制改革以来，转移支付逐渐成为一些地方政府严重依赖的财源，不仅直接影响着地方政府的财政支出行为，也对城乡居民的收入水平产生间接的作用。反观我国的基尼系数，长期高于0.4的国际警戒线，城乡收入差距问题仍很严重。现有研究的观点普遍认为随着转移支付制度的改革，转移支付提高城乡居民收入水平的作用日渐显现，但仍未能有效收敛城乡收入差距。然而目前诸多文献主要是基于政府对居民转移支付的视角，讨论其对收入差距的直接影响，或者专注于讨论政府间转移支付对地方政府财政收支的效应。而我们注意到政府之间的转移支付也可能因为效率损失而对城乡收入差距衍生出间接而重要的影响。可见该问题历久弥新，仍有值得我们深入...Since the reform of the tax system in 1994, the transfer payments have become the serious revenue source for some local governments, which would directly affect the local finance expenditure structure and efficiency, and indirectly affect the income level of urban and rural residents. In contrast, China's Gini coefficient has been higher than 0.4 of the international warning line f...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_财政学学号：1552013015394

Theoretical Studies on Dehydrogenation of Ammonia borance

近年来，在世界能源消费以石油为主导的大环境下，如果能源消费结构持续不改变，势必会导致更大的能源和环境危机，使人类面临着资源与环境的双重压力。从长远利益看，发展新能源是解决这些问题的有效途径。氢能作为一种高效、清洁、可再生的二次能源早已备受瞩目，但氢气极易爆炸、不易存储，所以寻求高效的储氢方式和材料是氢能运用的最大挑战。目前在众多新型储氢材料中，氨硼烷(NH3BH3，AB)因具较高的含氢量(19.6wt%)、稳定性高、成本相对较低等优点成为研究热点。这种固态储氢材料可以为燃料电池电动车供能，但是在实际应用中AB存在放氢温度高、速率慢、释放杂质气体等缺点，使之在燃料电池中使用受限，所以本文以AB为...In recent years, world energy consumption is based on petroleum. If the energy structure remains, the greater energy and environmental crisis will inevitably occurs. Humanity is faced with the dual pressure on resources and the environment. From the long-term interests, the development of new energy is an effective way to solve these problems. Hydrogen as an efficient、clean、renewable energy gains ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学学号：2052012115153

A Pragmatic Analysis of Fuzzy Language in English Cosmetic Advertising

札德的“模糊集”理论在1965年诞生后，越来越多的人开始以模糊理论为基础来开展研究，一股“模糊热”也在各个学科中兴起。在语言学领域，很多学者在研究模糊语言方面取得了可喜的成就，但是从语用学的角度对模糊语言在诸如商业广告等当代商业交流中的应用就需要进行进一步的研究。 因此，本论文尝试着用语用学的理论来对模糊语言在英文化妆品广告中的应用进行研究。本文构建了一个分析模型，该模型能够清晰地表明模糊语言、语用学原则和有效交际三者之间的关系，它也是整篇论文的研究向导。语用学中的合作原则和礼貌原则是本论文的理论支撑。本文旨在阐明模糊语言在广告中重要地位的语用学解释以及模糊语言在广告中的积极和消极影响。通过...With the appearance of Zadeh’s “fuzzy sets” theory in 1965, more and more scholars do their researches on the basis of fuzziness and a “vagueness rush” has emerged in different scopes. In the field of linguistics, great success has been achieved in the study of fuzzy linguistics, but the application of vague language in various means of contemporary business communication including commercial adve...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院英语语言文学系_英语语言文学学号：1202007115262

Simulation on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen Cycles and Output Characteristics at Banana Fields, Southeast China

土壤C、N循环是农业生态系统最基本的生态过程，了解土壤C、N循环是研究陆地生态系统C、N循环的重要前提。本文以南靖县五川流域的一个小流域为研究区域，选取施肥量高、面积大的种植香蕉土地利用类型为例，采取模型模拟的方法，应用NCSWAP模型模拟了较长时间尺度下(1998~2007年)土壤C、N各种循环过程及输出特征，对可能影响C、N循环的管理措施因素进行情景模拟分析，最后对农业生产和管理环节提出建设性的措施，取得了如下研究成果： (1)对种植香蕉土壤的NO3--N和SOC含量季节性变化进行了验证，验证结果表明，土壤NO3--N、SOC含量实测值与模型的模拟值较为吻合，因此，NCSWAP模型模拟结...Soil C, N cycles were the most basic ecological processes of the agroecosystem, understanding soil C, N cycles was the premise to study the soil C, N cycles of the terrestrial ecosystem. A small area in Wuchuan catchment of Nanjing County was selected as the study area in this paper, and taking the banana fields which accepted high fertilizer rate and covered a large area as an example, using mode...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境管理学号：2262008115157

Preliminary Study on the Antitumor Activities of the Natural Products D5, S3 and Their Derivatives

本论文从抗肿瘤活性化合物D5出发，通过MTT法确定其敏感细胞株，并对其同系物和衍生物进行了抗肿瘤活性测定；采用荧光滴定法对D5的疑似靶蛋白TR3的相互作用进行了初步研究，采用正交试验对TR3的表达条件进行了优化，并得到了TR3的晶体。此外，采用MTT法对S3的抗肿瘤活性进行研究，并对S3及其衍生物SA-1进行体外抗肿瘤活性的对比。采用流式细胞仪分析技术，研究化合物S3以及SA-1对ROS含量、细胞周期的影响。在此基础上，对化合物S3的作用机制以及急性毒性进行了初步研究。 通过以上研究，获得了一些有意义的结果： 1、采用MTT法对化合物D5的体外抗肿瘤活性进行了初步研究。选用9株人源、鼠源的...This thesis was based on studies conducted on the compound D5 using various microbiological techniques to do further research on the antitumor activity. The MTT method was applied to screen out the cell line which was the most sensitive to D5. The antitumor activities of the derivatives of D5 were also determined; the interaction between D5 and TR3, the possible target protein of D5, was tested by...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：2012005130202

The mechanism of benzalkonium chloride induced subconjunctival fibrosis

目的:苯扎氯铵（benzalkoniumchloride,BAC）是滴眼液中最常用的防腐剂。大量临床及实验研究表明，长期使用含BAC的滴眼液会引起一系列的眼表不良反应。本研究主要探讨BAC致结膜下组织纤维化的机制。 方法：SD雄性大鼠45只，随机分成对照组、实验组和细胞培养组，每组15只。对照组和实验组分别用PBS和0.01%BAC滴左眼，每天两次，每12小时一次。一个月后，取大鼠左眼球结膜组织提取蛋白和RNA及制备石蜡包埋切片；细胞培养组取大鼠左眼球结膜成纤维细胞（CFs）进行原代培养，分别用PBS、0.00005%BAC、0.000075%BAC、0.000075%BAC+LY21572...Purpose: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the most common preservative in ophthalmic preparations. Large bodies of clinical and experimental studies have shown that long term use of topical drugs with BAC can induce a series of ocular surface disease, such as subconjunctival fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism underlying subconjunctival fibrosis caused by BAC. Method...学位：理学硕士院系专业：医学院_药理学学号：2452011115333

Phase Modulated Real Time Joint TransForm Correlator

提出一种位相调制的实时联合变换相关器。它采用液晶显示屏作为输入器件，用液晶光阀记录和显示联合功率谱。利用液晶显示屏上的光栅状结构的衍射级，提高光能的利用率，并充分利用液晶光阀的有效使用面积。采用成像透镜放大各衍射级的联合频谱，适应液晶光阀较低的分辨率要求。在相关器的光路中插入两块倾斜的平行平面玻璃板，以改变各衍射级的参考图像和目标图像之间的位相差。这种方法可产生比传统的实时联合变换相关器更好的输出相关性能。实验结果证实了该系统设计及性能分析的正确性A phase modulated real time joint transForm correlator is proposed, in which a liquid crystal display screen is adopted as an input device and the joint power spectrum is recorded and displayed by a liquid crystal light valve.The diFFraction orders of the grating type structure on the liquid crystal display screen are utilized in this system.As a result, it can use the light energy as well as the physical area of the liquid crystal light valve more eFFiciently.In order to suit low resolution of the liquid crystal light valve, an imaging lens is applied to ampliFying joint Frequency spectrum of the diFFraction orders.The two oblique parallel plane glass plates are inserted in the correlator to manipulate the phase diFFerences between the reFerence image and the target image of the diFFraction orders.This technique yields better output correlation perFormences than the classical real time joint transForm correlator.The experimental results veriFied the correctness of the system design and perFormance analysis.福建省自然科学基

Ficus carica leaves extractimprove lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of offspring rat with chronic intrauterine hypoxia

目的 探讨无花果叶提取物（FCLE）对慢性宫内缺氧成年子鼠骨骼肌脂质代谢的影响,及其潜在分子机制。方法 随机将24只SD孕鼠分为常氧组、缺氧组及给药组,分别进行慢性宫内缺氧干预及子鼠出生后8周FCLE灌胃治疗。比色法检测血液学指标、骨骼肌脂肪含量、氧化状态以及RT-PCR法检测骨骼肌脂质代谢相关蛋白表达。结果与常氧组相比,缺氧组子鼠血脂水平升高,出现胰岛素抵抗且骨骼肌脂质含量明显增多[分别为（42.3±5.5）μmol/g、（59.9±6.4）μmol/g,P〈0.05];脂联素、脂联素受体1（Adipo R1）及过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ（PPARγ）表达降低,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶2（ACC2）表达明显上调（P〈0.05）;FCLE干预后,血脂异常、胰岛素敏感性及骨骼肌脂质易位沉积均得到改善,脂联素、Adipo R1（给药组和缺氧组分别为0.61±0.10和0.22±0.07,P〈0.05）及PPARγ表达上调,而ACC2表达降低（给药组和缺氧组分别为0.49±0.09和0.95±0.14,P〈0.05）。结论 FCLE改善慢性宫内缺氧子鼠高脂血症、胰岛素抵抗及骨骼肌脂质沉淀;脂联素-Adipo R1-PPARγ-ACC信号通路可能是潜在的分子机制。Objective To investigate the effect officus carica leaves extract （FCLE） on fat metabolism in skeletal muscle of adult offspring rats with chronic intrauterine hypoxia, and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods 24 pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into normal oxygen group, hypoxia group and treatment group with intervention of chronic intrauterine hypoxi- aand 8-week FCLE ig treatment respectively. Colorimetric assay for hematology, muscular content, oxidation state, and real-time PCR method for detecting lipid metabolism related protein expression in skeletal muscle. Results Compared with normoxic group, hypoxia group rats increased lipid level, insulin resistance and skeletal muscle fat ectopic deposition [ （59.9±6.4）μmol/g vs （42.3± 5.5 ）Dxmol/g, P 〈 （0.05） obviously. Adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1 （AdipoR1） and the PPAR gamma （PPARγ） expression re- duced, acetyl-coa carboxylase2 （ACC2） expression obviously raised（P〈0.05） ; the disturbance of lipid metabolism was reversed af- ter FCLE intervention by upregulating adiponectin, AdipoR1 （0.61±0.10 and 0.22 ±0.07 in treatment group and hypoxia group, res- petrvely, P 〈 0.05） and PPARγ expression and inhibiting ACC2 expression （0.49±0.09 and 0.95 ±0.14 in treatment group and hy- poxia group, respetrvely, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion FCLE attenuated hyperlipemia, insulin resistance and skeletal muscle lipid depo- sition in chronic intrauterine hypoxia offspring rats. Adiponectin - AdipoR1-PPARγ-ACC signaling pathway may be the potential mo- lecular mechanism.国家自然科学基金（81271587

毛泽东体育思想的真谛

在剖析毛泽东早期体育思想发展和演化过程的基础上,提出:毛泽东的体育思想体现了德、智、体全面发展的 体育教育观;体现了炼志救国的意志体育观;体现了强兵卫国的军事体育观;体现了强民兴国的群众体育观

基于扎根理论的消费者责任归因认知偏见研究

采用扎根理论的研究方法,分析了从网络渠道收集的有关三聚氰胺事件中消费者对于该事件责任归因的认知的相关言论资料,在此基础上分析了消费者对于该事件的责任归因的认知影响因素和作用机制,研究发现中国消费者的一些与该事件无关的固有认知偏见影响着消费者对于该事件责任归因问题的认知。本文对于认知偏见的产生原因进行了探讨与分析,并提出了三个假设