Impact of biomass combustion on PM2.5 in Fujian coastal cities

生物质燃烧是大气颗粒物（Particulatematter,PM）和气体污染物的重要来源之一，而颗粒物影响云的形成、辐射平衡和空气质量并最终影响全球气候和人类健康。2016年起，关于PM2.5的环境大气质量标准（GB3095-2012）将全面实施，因此对PM2.5的来源及化学组成的分析是制定相关政策的依据。 中国地区生物质燃烧的研究主要集中在北京、广州和上海等地区，而对其它地区的研究较少，因此对受季风影响的福建沿海城市的研究可以丰富生物质燃烧的区域研究，为制定更加合理的PM2.5控制政策提供参考。 本研究在福建省厦门（洪文站）、泉州（环保局）、莆田（秀屿区政府）和福州（紫阳观测站）设置采样...Biomass burning is one of the major sources of airborne particulate matter (Particulate matter, PM) and gaseous pollutants, exerting significant influence on cloud formation ,radiation budget and air quality, and ultimately affects globe climate and human health. The Ambient Air Quality Standards(GB 3095-2012)will come into force in 2016.Related policy based on the analysis of PM2.5 sources and ch...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312012115164

On Examining the Information Efficiency of SSE50 ETF Option Market

当期权市场是信息有效时，从期权合约中提取出的隐含远期方差在风险中性 测度下应该服从鞅过程，远期方差的日改变量应该是鞅差分序列。本文基于具有 更丰富信息含量的自适应性隐含波动率提取方法，从上证50ETF期权市场的日 数据中提取无模型隐含远期方差，对三组远期到期组的远期方差分别检验其鞅性 质。 由于鞅限制是在风险中性测度下成立，而各种检验方法都是在现实测度下进 行，因此本文首先用卡尔曼滤波算法将远期方差日改变量中的风险溢酬剥离并进 行显著性检验，结果显示在全样本内风险溢酬接近于白噪音序列，时变的风险溢 酬对于远期方差日改变量的影响并不显著，因此在后续的检验中可以忽略风险溢 酬的效...When option market is informational effective, the option market implied model free forward variance should subject to martingale restriction with corresponding daily change identical to martingale difference sequence(MDS) under risk neutral probability measure. This paper examines the SSE50 ETF option market’s information efficiency by testing whether daily change of forward variance is MDS i...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院_金融工程学号：1562014115203

The physiological mechanisms of key factors in IGF/ILP signaling system in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-likegrowthfactor，IGF）／胰岛素样多肽（insulin-likepeptide，ILP）信号系统在脊椎动物的代谢和生长过程中起着至关重要的调控作用。近年来的研究表明，无脊椎动物中也分布着大量的ILP基因，这些基因及其编码的蛋白参与调控包括代谢、生长、生殖和蜕皮等在内的一系列生物学过程。迄今，有关甲壳动物IGF/ILP信号系统的组成、生物学功能及其信号传导途径的研究很少。 拟穴青蟹（Scyllaparamamosain）是我国东南沿海重要的海水养殖蟹类之一，具有很高的经济价值。本文以拟穴青蟹为研究对象，采用分子生物学、细胞生物学以及生物化学...Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin-like peptide (ILP) signaling system holds a central position in regulating growth and metabolism in vertebrates. In recent decades, ILPs have been also proved to exist extensively in invertebrates and play critical roles in the regulation of growth, metabolism, reproduction, molt and other behavioral and physiological processes. However, there is little inf...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_海洋生物学学号：2232013015377

硫酸盐体系三价铬沉积机理及镀层表征

在新研发的硫酸盐三价铬镀厚铬的镀液体系中,运用线性扫描伏安法（LSV）和循环伏安法（CV）对三价铬在铜电极表面的电沉积过程进行研究,并运用X射线荧光测厚仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能量色散谱（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、显微硬度计和Tafel曲线表征铬镀层厚度、形貌、组成、结构、显微硬度及在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性.结果表明,在该体系中三价铬的沉积过程分两步进行(Cr3++e→Cr2+,Cr2++2e→Cr),第一步得到1个电子,受电化学过程和扩散过程共同控制;第二步得到2个电子,为扩散控制下的不可逆过程.该镀层为瘤状纳米晶结构,镀层中含有少量的铁元素（1.10wt%）,显微硬度达到789.2 Hv,镀层在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位Ecorr为-0.29 V,腐蚀电流密度jcorr为9.26×10-5A·dm-2.国家自然科学基金项目(No.21621091)资

玻碳电极表面复合配位银电结晶机理研究

以具有实际应用价值的复合配位体系无氰镀银电解液为研究对象,运用循环伏安和电位阶跃等实验方法,结合Scharifker-Hill经典理论模型分析,成功获得了Ag在玻碳电极(GCE)表面电沉积的成核机理及成核动力学参数,并分析了温度对成核方式及成核动力学参数的影响.结果表明,该体系下Ag在GCE表面的电沉积是由扩散控制的不可逆过程,遵循三维瞬时成核生长机理.随着阶跃电位从-750 m V负移至-825 m V,峰值还原电流Im逐渐增大,达到峰值还原电流所需时间tm逐渐缩短,扩散系数D变化不大,基本稳定在(7.61±0.34)×10-5cm2·s-1,成核密度数N0则从3.26×105cm-2提高至10.2×105cm-2.银沉积初期的形貌观察,验证了其三维瞬时成核生长机理.提高温度可以显著改善电解液中具备活性的银配位离子的扩散能力,缩短成核时间,提升成核密度数N0.国家自然科学基金项目(No.21621091)资

Simulation Study of the Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sugar Alcohols from Biomass Burning

选择水稻、小麦、玉米及棉花秸秆与马尾松枝,采集模拟燃烧时排放的PM2.5,分析PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHS)和糖醇类化合物的含量,获得PM2.5及负载的两类化合物的排放因子;采用500 W汞灯直接照射收集了PM2.5的尘膜,获得了中、高环PAHS及左旋葡聚糖的光解动力学.结果表明,PM2.5的排放因子介于(2.26±0.60)g·kg-1(马尾松枝)~(14.33±5.26)g·kg-1(玉米秸秆)之间;19种PAHS的排放因子介于(0.82±0.21)Mg·kg-1(马尾松枝)~(11.14±5.69)Mg·kg-1(棉花秸秆)之间,且以4环类PAHS所占比例最高,介于51%~71%之间(其中马尾松枝燃烧时惹烯的排放因子最大);9种糖醇类化合物的排放因子范围为(52.34±50.16)Mg·kg-1(水稻秸秆)~(238.81±33.62)Mg·kg-1(小麦秸秆),且都以左旋葡聚糖占绝对优势(72%~96%).光照模拟显示,目标化合物的光照损失都遵循拟一级动力学,其中≥4环的PAHS的光解速率常数随着尘膜中PAHS的负载量增大而减小,来源特征比值fluA/(fluA+Py)和IP/(IP+bg P)相对稳定,而左旋葡聚糖的光解速率常数为0.004 5 MIn-1,与苯并[A]蒽的光解速率常数(0.004 1~0.005 0 MIn-1)接近.To measure the emission factors of PM2.5and its associated PAHs and sugar alcohols,Chinese red pine stick and four crop straw including rice,wheat,corn and cotton were burned in a chamber.In addition,the kinetics of certain compounds were obtained through the irradiation of the glass filters with PM2.5loading by 500 W mercury lamp.The emission factors of PM2.5were ranged from( 2.26 ± 0.60) g·kg- 1( Chinese red pine stick) to( 14.33 ± 5.26) g·kg- 1( corn straw).Although the emission factors of the total19 PAHs differed from( 0.82 ± 0.21) mg·kg- 1( Chinese red pine stick) to( 11.14 ± 5.69) mg·kg- 1( cotton straw),4 ring PAHs showed predominance over other PAHs accounting for 51%-71% except Chinese red pine in which retene was the predominant compound.The emission factors of 9 sugar alcohols were ranged from( 52.34 ± 50.16) mg·kg- 1( rice straw) to( 238.81 ± 33.62)mg·kg- 1( wheat straw) with levoglucosan accounting for 72%-96% of the total sugar alcohols.Both the selected PAHs and levoglucosan associated with PM2.5followed the first order kinetics.The photolysis kinetic coefficient of PAHs( ring number≥4) was decreased with the increase of PAHs loading in filters.Two PAHs source characteristic ratios such as Flua /( Flua + Py) and IP /( IP +Bg P) were relative stable during the irradiation.The photolysis kinetic coefficient of levoglucosan( 0.004 5 min- 1) was comparable to benzo[a]anthracene( 0.004 1-0.005 0 min- 1).国家自然科学基金项目(41171365); 环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009004); 厦门大学山海基金项目(2013SH011

A New Perspective on Behavior, System and Economic Research

人类的决策行为具多面性,基于理性选择的程序化决策没有错,而基于非程序化决策的选择也没有错,它们只是可能适合于不同场合的决策罢了。程序式决策主要靠逻辑、运筹、数学和工程等具体分析方法,定量描述经济活动中资源配置效果。而非程序化决策可能更多靠经验—判断—满意原则来应对经济现象和过程。实际上两者并不是绝对对立的,可以认为,程序化决策分析方法更适合分析可以简单归纳和模拟的最优化问题,而非程序化方法更适合分析特殊背景的瞬间决策问题和复杂的变化中问题。当然,程序化决策是对现实的简化和抽象,只是这种简化并不是在任何情况下都是有效的,它在某些时候也需要有另一种分析范式来适时地补充。Human decision-making behavior with versatility, decision based on the rational choice of the programmed decision is not wrong, neither the limited rational choice.They just may be suitable for different situations that decision.Program type decision depend mainly on logic, math and engineering concrete analysis method, is to local or short-term economic activity analysis method, this method can be used to accurately mathematical formula, a quantitative description of economic activities in the allocation of resources effect.The im-programmed decision may be more depend on experience judge- satisfaction to deal with economic phenomenon and process.In fact the two are not absolute opposition, general speaking, programmed decision analysis method is more suitable for analysis simple induction and simulation optimization problem, im- programming method more suitable for analysis of the special background of the decision problem and complex change.of course, programmed decision is simplified to reality and abstract, just this simplified and not in any case is effective, it also need and another analysis supplement.广义虚拟经济研究专项资助项目[项目编号:GX2012-1003(Y)]; 国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD029)资

Construction of Fullerocyclobutene Derivatives through Copper(I)-Mediated Radical Annulation of C60Cl6 with Aryl Acetylenes

E-mail Addresses: [email protected] Basic Research 973 Program of China 2011CB935901 National Nature Science Foundation of China 21031004 2102106

Anti-resonance features of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule thiophene junctions achieved by electrochemical gating

基于单个有机分子来构筑电子器件为电子器件微型化提供潜在技术方案。本研究发展了可集成电化学门控的单分子电子器件测试芯片技术和科学仪器方法，在实验和理论两个层面对具有相消量子干涉效应的噻吩衍生物分子器件的电输运过程进行了电化学调控研究，从而首次在室温下实现了对单分子电子器件中量子干涉效应的反共振现象的直接观测和调控，为制备基于量子干涉效应的新型分子材料和器件提供了全新的设计思路和策略。该研究充分展示了电化学调控技术在信息材料和器件领域的重要应用潜力，也体现了我校固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室在电化学研究和科学仪器研发领域的技术积累，以及面向科学前沿开展交叉学科探索的研究特色。 该研究工作是在洪文晶教授、上海电力大学陈文博教授、英国兰卡斯特大学Colin Lambert教授指导下完成的。化学化工学院博士生白杰和李晓慧为论文的共同第一作者，刘俊扬副研究员、师佳副教授、研究生唐永翔、刘帅、黄晓娟、谭志冰和萨本栋微纳研究院的杨杨副教授等也参与了研究工作。田中群教授和毛秉伟教授为该工作提供了重要指导。【Abstract】Controlling the electrical conductance and in particular the occurrence of quantum interference in single-molecule junctions through gating effects, has potential for the realization of high-performance functional molecular devices. In this work, we used an electrochemically-gated, mechanically-controllable break junction technique to tune the electronic behaviour of thiophene-based molecular junctions that show destructive quantum interference (DQI) features. By varying the voltage applied to the electrochemical gate at room temperature, we reached a conductance minimum that provides direct evidence of charge transport controlled by an anti-resonance arising from DQI. Our molecular system enables conductance tuning close to two orders of magnitude within the non-faradaic potential region, which is significantly higher than that achieved with molecules not showing DQI. Our experimental results, interpreted using quantum transport theory, demonstrate that electrochemical gating is a promising strategy for obtaining improved in-situ control over the electrical performance of interference-based molecular devices.This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21673195, 21503179, 21703188), the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1447100), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (14DZ2261000), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060) for funding work in Xiamen. It was also supported by EU Horizon 2020 project QuIET under grant agreement no. 767187EC FP7 ITN ‘MOLESCO’ project no. 606728 and UK EPSRC grants EP/N017188/1 and EP/M014452/1 and Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Early Career Fellowships no. ECF-2017-186 and ECF-2018-375) for funding instrumentation used in Lancaster. It was also supported by Hungarian and Czech Academies of Sciences (P2015-107) and Hungarian Research Foundation (OTKA 112034) for funding instrumentation used in Hungary. The authors thank Z.-Q. Tian and B.-W. Mao, Xiamen University, for useful discussions. 该工作获得科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），国家自然科学基金委优秀青年科学基金等项目（21722305、21673195、21703188、21503179）以及中国博士后科学基金（2017M622060）等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

论自由刑缓刑制度——兼议现代刑事政策的发展趋势

刑事政策的现代化应该符合教育改造罪犯、预防犯罪、维护社会稳定的基本内涵,因而轻刑化必须成为刑事政策现代化的重要内容。自由刑缓刑制度是轻刑化思想的重要体现,因此成为世界各国刑事政策中最受欢迎的刑事制度之一。我国自由刑缓刑制度多年来基本上处于备而不用的尴尬境地,导致这一制度本身及其执行存在诸多问题,因此有必要对我国自由刑缓刑制度从立法和司法上进行进一步的完善。这对于改变我国目前的重刑倾向、推进我国刑事政策的现代化具有重要意义