Prokaryotic Expression, Purification, Crystalization and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of a Mutant T179A of Alternative Oxidase

交替氧化酶（AlternativeOxidase，AOX），广泛存在于高等植物中，是植物线粒体内膜上呼吸链中抗氰呼吸途径的末端氧化酶。AOX参与植物多种生理代谢调节，例如调节呼吸代谢、抑制活性氧的形成、抵抗逆境以及调节细胞凋亡等。然而，有关AOX的调控机理尚不清楚，对其结构也不完全清楚，目前仅有其二级结构模型的两种假说：SUM模型和AN模型，而AOX三级结构研究一直没有结果，这阻碍了对AOX结构与功能的研究。本研究利用DNA重组技术，克隆AOX基因及其第179位苏氨酸（T）突变为丙氨酸（A）的突变基因至原核表达载体pET-15b，运用原核表达系统BL21和FN102，经异丙基β-D-硫代半乳糖...Alternative Oxidase(AOX), widely existing in higher plants, is the terminal oxidase in the cyanide-resistant respiration pathway in plant mitochondria. AOX can regulate many physical metabolizable pathways in plant, for example regulation of respiration, restraining formation of reactive oxygen species, resistence of discipline and regulation of programmed cell death and so on. However, its regula...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2162006015328

Distribution Feature of Polysaccharides and Lipids in the Developing Anthers of Morinda officinalis How

巴戟天花药发育中多糖和脂滴类物质的分布呈现一定的规律:减数分裂之前,花药壁的绒毡层细胞中有少量脂滴,其他细胞中脂滴和淀粉粒都很少。四分体时期,四分体小孢子中开始出现脂滴,绒毡层细胞中的脂滴较以前增加,其他细胞中的脂滴和淀粉粒仍然很少。小孢子早期,游离小孢子在其表面形成了花粉外壁,靠外壁下方有一层周缘分布的多糖物质。绒毡层细胞中的脂滴明显减少。发育晚期的小孢子中形成一个大液泡,细胞质中出现淀粉粒;同时在药壁和药隔组织中也出现了淀粉粒。此时绒毡层退化。在二胞花粉早期,花粉中积累了大量淀粉粒和一些脂滴。但在成熟的花粉中(二胞花粉晚期),淀粉粒消失,只有一定数量的脂滴保留。巴戟天成熟花粉中积累的营养物质主要为脂滴。Distribution of polysaccharides and lipids in the developing anthers of Morinda officinalis How was regular.There were a few lipid drops in the sporogenous cells of young anthers,while neither lipid drops nor starches were found in other anther cells.Before the meiosis of microspore mother cells,some lipids appeared in tapetal cells.The size of tapetal cells began to increase at this stage.At the stage of tetrad,the lipids in the tapetal cells increased,and many lipid drops accumulated in the cells.Some lipids also appeared in tetrad microspores at this time.There were still no starches in young anther cells,and only cell wall of the cells formed anther wall and callose wall in tetrads displayed the feature of polysaccharids.During microspore development,the lipids in tapetal cells decreased evidently.The lipids in the young microspore also disappeared.There were still no starches in anther.At late microspore stage,some starches accumulated in microspore and appeared in anther wall and connective cells.Tapetal cells degenerated at this stage and the lipid drops concentrated to form lipid block.At early stage of 2-celled pollen,the vegetative cell accumulated a large number of starches,which disappeared with pollen development.Lipids were the main nutritional material accumulated in mature pollen of M.officinalis.国家自然科学基金(30970275);福建省漳州市科技局课题(Z2008038

Change of DNA Content in Male and Female Gametes of Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)

:采用显微分光光度法测定了烟草(nICOTIAnA TAbACuM)精细胞和卵细胞的dnA含量。烟草是二胞花粉,花粉萌发后生殖细胞在花粉管中分裂形成精细胞。授粉后45H花粉管到达子房,在花粉管内的精细胞dnA含量为1C。当花粉管在退化助细胞中破裂,释放出的两个精细胞开始合成dnA。在与卵细胞融合前,两个精细胞dnA含量接近2C。随着精细胞的到达及合成dnA,卵细胞也开始合成dnA,融合前的卵细胞dnA含量也接近2C。精、卵细胞融合后,合子dnA含量为4C。烟草雌、雄配子是在细胞周期的g2期发生融合,属于g2型。The nuclear DNA content of male and female gametes of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) was measured using DAPI stain and microspectrofluorimetric measurement.Tobacco pollen is bicellular at anthesis,containing a vegetative cell and a generative cell,which divides to form two sperm cells in a pollen tube.The nuclear DNA content of generative cell in a pollen tube was at 2C level and that of two sperm cells in a pollen tube,which elongated in the style,at 1C level.Two sperm cells began to synthesize DNA after both were released in the degenerated synergid,and the quantity of nuclear DNA in both sperm cells approached 2C level before both fusing with egg and central cells.During this process,the nuclear DNA content of egg cell also began to increase and approached 2C level before fusing with sperm cell.After male and female gamete fused,the nuclear DNA content of zygote reached 4C level.Therefore,the fusion of male and female gametes of tobacco was at G2 of cell cycle,and this fusion of fertilization belonged to G2 type.This result displayed the fertilization multiformity in angiosperms.国家自然科学基金(30670126

大数据时代的工具书资源及知识产权保护

工具书资源于科研或教育或文化至关重要，但由于订购或服务形式变化，已经没有在中国本土&ldquo;收藏&rdquo;或&ldquo;保存&rdquo;，使得我国对这类资源的长期可持续利用受到挑战，怎样长期保存与访问这些工具书资源的问题应运而生。因此，本书聚焦工具书资源发展和使用的情况、长期保存现状与面临的挑战、数据资源的知识产权保护等内容，为我国对该类资源的长期保存与保护提供参考。</p

基于分维模型的台兰河流域土地利用变化研究

以新疆台兰河流域1990年、2000年和2005年土地利用数据为例,将分形理论应用于土地利用空间分布及其变化的研究中,定量分析干旱内陆河流域土地利用空间结构复杂性、稳定性以及各土地利用类型随时间的变化趋势,从而阐述不同土地利用类型的空间分布规律。结果表明:各种土地利用类型都具有空间分形特征,分维数是面积、斑块数量和平均斑块面积等单项指标有机结合的综合表现,是综合表征土地利用变化空间格局的定量指标。1990年、2000年和2005年不同土地利用分维数的排序分别为:水域>工矿居民用地>耕地>草地>未利用地>林地;水域>工矿居民用地>草地>耕地>林地>未利用地;水域>工矿居民用地>草地>林地>耕地>未利用地。1990年、2000年和2005年台兰河流域整体土地利用分形维值分别为1.5993,1.5986,1.6079,流域土地利用的分维数呈现先减后增的趋势,土地利用空间结构趋于复杂化,土地利用类型有扩张的趋势。1990年、2000年和2005年台兰河流域整体空间结构稳定性指数分别为0.1720,0.1563,0.1435,说明整个流域土地利用类型的空间结构稳定性逐渐下降

Isolation of Egg Cells, Zygotes and Proembryos from Allium tuberosum Roxb

卵细胞的分离是进行植物离体受精和研究卵细胞发育的基础。将韭菜的胚珠酶解30MIn后吸打可将其外珠被去掉。将胚珠转移到不含酶的相同溶液中,用解剖针将胚珠从中部切割,然后挤压胚珠的珠孔部位,卵器细胞从胚珠的切口处逸出。用显微操作仪将卵细胞和两个助细胞分开,达到分离韭菜卵细胞的目的。用同样的方法也成功地分离了韭菜的合子和早期原胚。韭菜分离的卵细胞可用于建立韭菜离体受精体系,而分离的合子及早期原胚则可用于探索其受精机制和研究其胚胎发育的过程。Egg cells, zygotes and proembryos of Allium tuberosum Roxb were isolated using an enzymatic digestion.The ovules were incubated in an enzymatic solution for 30 min to remove outer integument.Then they were transferred into an isolated solution without enzymes for mechanical dissection.The ovules were cut from their middle part, and squeezed gently on the micropyle, resulting in the liberation of the egg, zygote and proembryo from the ovules of different stage.About 5-10 egg apparatus could be released from 30 ovules within 1 h.Viable egg cell could be separated with two synergids and collected into a pure population using a micromanipulator.Viable zygotes and proembryos were isolated using the same method.Coupled with our successful isolation of mature sperm cells, the isolation of egg cells of Allium tuberosum Roxb will make in vitro fertilization possible in this plant.The isolation of viable zygotes and proembryos can be used to explore its embryonic development.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30670126)---

两种Zr基块体非晶合金的变形行为

使用单轴压缩、纳米压入、界面粘结和显微观察等技术对Zr65A10Ni10-Cu15和Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5合金的宏观和细观塑性变形行为进行了研究．结果表明：Be代替了部分Zr后的非晶合金的单轴压缩强度和塑性明显提高．两种合金均在低加载速率的纳米压入中表现出锯齿流变特征，在高加载速率中为连续的塑性变形，但变形行为转变的临界加载速率有明显差别．对比两种合金压痕下方塑性变形区域中剪切带形貌表明，在同样加载条件下，Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5合金中形成剪切带的数量多、尺寸小、间距小，随着压入深度的增大，剪切带间距基本不变．这表明Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15合金中剪切带形成相对困难，趋向于单个剪切带的扩展，因此宏观塑性变形能力有限．而在含Be合金的塑性变形过程中剪切带容易形核，趋向于多重剪切带的同时开动，因此宏观塑性变形能力显著．两种合金塑性变形行为的差异符合自由体积模型

CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE EGG CELL,ZYGOTE AND PROEMBRYO OF LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.)

用焦锑酸盐沉淀法对莴苣开花前后的卵细胞、合子与原胚细胞中的钙颗粒分布变化进行了观察。结果表明,开花前三天,刚形成的卵细胞内钙颗粒很少,开花前二天的卵细胞内钙颗粒开始增多,开花前一天的卵细胞形成了大液泡,建立了极性,细胞内的钙颗粒又减少。开花后、受精前的卵细胞的钙颗粒主要聚集在细胞核中。受精后合子中的钙颗粒又明显增多,在核质中分布一些较大的钙颗粒,在珠孔端大液泡中聚集了较多的絮状钙。二胞原胚中的钙颗粒又开始减少,多胞原胚细胞中的钙进一步减少,但原胚表面分布一层丰富的钙颗粒。探讨了钙在卵细胞分化成熟、受精以及原胚发育初期中的作用。Potassium antimonite precipitation was used to located calcium in the egg cells (before and after anthesis), zygotes and proembryos of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.).A few calcium precipitates (ppts) were located in the small vacuoles of cytoplasm of egg cell at 3 d before anthesis, when egg cells just formed. Then the small vacuoles fused to form some bigger vacuoles in egg cell at 2d before anthesis. Calcium ppts increased evidently in the cytoplasm and nucleus of egg cells at this time. At 1d before anthesis, a biggest vacuole located at the micropyle end of the cell and its nucleus was pushed toward the chalazal end of the cell, which made an evident cellular polarity. The number of calcium ppts in the egg cell markedly decreased, suggesting that change of calcium distribution may be related to the development of egg cell. After anthesis and before fertilization, calcium ppts were still few in the egg cells, and most of them were accumulated in the nucleus, especially in the vacuoles of nucleolus. At 4h after anthesis, egg cell was fertilized and the wall at the chalazal end of egg cell was formed completely. Calcium ppts evidently increased again in egg cell, and some big ppts appeared in the karyoplasm of nucleus and abundant small ppts in the large vacuole. At 9h after anthesis, zygote completed its first division. Calcium ppts in the nucleus and cytoplasm of two-celled proembryo began to decrease, and only some ones accumulated in the vacuoles of nucleolus. At 18h after anthesis, zygote divided several times and became a multi-celled proembryo. Calcium ppts in the cells of proembryo ulteriorly diminished but there were many ppts on the surface of proembryo. The result indicates that calcium in egg cell, zygote and the cells of proembryo orderly changes its temporal and spatial position, which suggests that calcium may play a role during the development of egg cell and zygote.湖南师范大学引进博士科研启动经费 国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570104)

两种zr基块体非晶合金的变形行为

使用单轴压缩、纳米压入、界面粘结和显微观察等技术对Zr65A10Ni10-Cu15和Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5合金的宏观和细观塑性变形行为进行了研究．结果表明：Be代替了部分Zr后的非晶合金的单轴压缩强度和塑性明显提高．两种合金均在低加载速率的纳米压入中表现出锯齿流变特征，在高加载速率中为连续的塑性变形，但变形行为转变的临界加载速率有明显差别．对比两种合金压痕下方塑性变形区域中剪切带形貌表明，在同样加载条件下，Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12．5合金中形成剪切带的数量多、尺寸小、间距小，随着压入深度的增大，剪切带间距基本不变．这表明Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15合金中剪切带形成相对困难，趋向于单个剪切带的扩展，因此宏观塑性变形能力有限．而在含Be合金的塑性变形过程中剪切带容易形核，趋向于多重剪切带的同时开动，因此宏观塑性变形能力显著．两种合金塑性变形行为的差异符合自由体积模型

CYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION ON THE DEVELOPING ANTHERS OF Allium cepa L.

高等植物花药结构复杂,其发育更是一个迅速、多变的过程,如小孢子母细胞减数分裂期间的细胞质改组、胼胝质壁的形成与降解、大液泡的形成与消失、花粉内外壁的形成、绒毡层细胞的降解、营养物质的积累与转化等。除了上述花药组成细胞的形态ABSTRACT Polysaccharides was detected using the periodic-acid-Schiff's (PAS) technique aitd lipid detected using Sudan black during the anther development of A llium cepa L.Before the meiosis of microspore mother cells there were a few lipid drops in endothecium cells and little polysaccharides in tapetal cells which did not differentiate completely in young anthers.At the stage of tetrad there were still few polysaccharides and lipid material in young anther,and only cell wall of anther wall and callose wall of tetrads displayed the feature of polysaccharids.The size of tapetal cells began to increase at this stage.During microspore development the tapetal cells reached its maximal size,and many lipid drops were accumulated in the cells.However,few lipid drops and starches appeared in microspores.At early stage of 2-celled pollen,the vegetative cell of 2-celled pollen began to accumulate starches.Tapetal cells degenerated at this stage and its lipid drops concentrated to form lipid block.Then the starches in 2-celled pollen disappeared with pollen development,and many lipid drops were accumulated in vegetative cell of nearly mature pollen.国家自然科学基金(30670126)资助~