用焦锑酸盐沉淀法对莴苣开花前后的卵细胞、合子与原胚细胞中的钙颗粒分布变化进行了观察。结果表明,开花前三天,刚形成的卵细胞内钙颗粒很少,开花前二天的卵细胞内钙颗粒开始增多,开花前一天的卵细胞形成了大液泡,建立了极性,细胞内的钙颗粒又减少。开花后、受精前的卵细胞的钙颗粒主要聚集在细胞核中。受精后合子中的钙颗粒又明显增多,在核质中分布一些较大的钙颗粒,在珠孔端大液泡中聚集了较多的絮状钙。二胞原胚中的钙颗粒又开始减少,多胞原胚细胞中的钙进一步减少,但原胚表面分布一层丰富的钙颗粒。探讨了钙在卵细胞分化成熟、受精以及原胚发育初期中的作用。Potassium antimonite precipitation was used to located calcium in the egg cells (before and after anthesis), zygotes and proembryos of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.).A few calcium precipitates (ppts) were located in the small vacuoles of cytoplasm of egg cell at 3 d before anthesis, when egg cells just formed. Then the small vacuoles fused to form some bigger vacuoles in egg cell at 2d before anthesis. Calcium ppts increased evidently in the cytoplasm and nucleus of egg cells at this time. At 1d before anthesis, a biggest vacuole located at the micropyle end of the cell and its nucleus was pushed toward the chalazal end of the cell, which made an evident cellular polarity. The number of calcium ppts in the egg cell markedly decreased, suggesting that change of calcium distribution may be related to the development of egg cell. After anthesis and before fertilization, calcium ppts were still few in the egg cells, and most of them were accumulated in the nucleus, especially in the vacuoles of nucleolus. At 4h after anthesis, egg cell was fertilized and the wall at the chalazal end of egg cell was formed completely. Calcium ppts evidently increased again in egg cell, and some big ppts appeared in the karyoplasm of nucleus and abundant small ppts in the large vacuole. At 9h after anthesis, zygote completed its first division. Calcium ppts in the nucleus and cytoplasm of two-celled proembryo began to decrease, and only some ones accumulated in the vacuoles of nucleolus. At 18h after anthesis, zygote divided several times and became a multi-celled proembryo. Calcium ppts in the cells of proembryo ulteriorly diminished but there were many ppts on the surface of proembryo. The result indicates that calcium in egg cell, zygote and the cells of proembryo orderly changes its temporal and spatial position, which suggests that calcium may play a role during the development of egg cell and zygote.湖南师范大学引进博士科研启动经费 国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570104)
