化工原理的纵横向实验教学改革

针对化工原理实验教学中存在的弊病，运用多层次的纵向教学及灵活开放的横向教学，收到了较好的教学效果

Optimization of solid culture conditions for TNF-α inhibitor qiaonanmycin via response surface methodology

目的利用响应面法对潜在的Tnf-α抑制剂桥南霉素固态发酵培养基进行优化。方法用HPlC做检测方法,以桥南霉素的洗脱峰面积为指标,先通过PlACkETT-burMAn(P-b)实验筛选出影响固态发酵产量的主要因素,进而进行单因素优化实验和响应面中心组合设计实验,确定主要影响因素的最佳浓度,得到最优的固体发酵培养基组成。结果优化后的发酵培养基组成:土豆400g/l、葡萄糖35g/l、蛋白胨10.5g/l、(nH4)2SO4 0.6g/l。按此配方固态发酵10l,对得到的粗提物进行HPlC检测,桥南霉素的实际产量为4.3Mg/l,与模型的理论值基本相符,较优化前的产量1.5Mg/l提高了186.7%。结论响应面方法是一种有效的培养基优化方法,经此优化方法桥南霉素的产量得到了较大的提高。Objective The solid fermentation culture conditions of compound qiaonanmycin were optimized via response surface methodology.Methods Based on quantitative detection method of qiaonanmycin by HPLC, the key fermentation factors were determined via P-B test, then their optimized concentrations were confirmed through response face method.Results The optimum solid fermentation culture medium compositions of qiaonanmycin were: potato 400g/L, dextrose 35g/L, peptone 10.5g/L, and(NH4)2SO4 0.6g/L.Under this condition, the yield of qiaonanmycin was 4.3mg/L, resulting in a 186.7% increase comparing with original production yield, and the optimized yield was consistent well with theoretical value predicted by response face method.Conclusion The optimized solid fermentation culture conditions were reliable and repeatable, it was warranted for large-scale fermentation process.中央高校基本业务费(No.2010121092); 厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20123010

Visiting lecture on Bioethanol Production for Junior High School Students

We have carried out many science educational programs at public places, such as elementary schools, city hall, and child welfare institutions. Last year, we held a visiting lecture for students in the third grade at Yashiro Junior High School. The lecture covered three topics: starch saccharification, alcohol fermentation, and distillation. Following each presentation, questionnaires were used to assess student understanding. This lecture was presented in an effort to develop an educational partnership between Fukui National College of Technology (FNCT) and local junior high schools. Another advantage to this lecture is that it familiarized junior high school students with FNCT and the programs available there. The questionnaire results used to assess the program indicated that most of the students found the program interesting, understandable, and enjoyable

木曾駒ヶ岳の哺乳動物に関する研究 第II報 本曾駒ヶ岳東斜面低出帯上部におけるホンドテンの秋季ならびに冬季の食性―特に糞の内容の分析を中心として―

The distribution of small mammals on the eastern slope of the Mt. Kiso-Komagatake, the peak of the Japanese Central Alps was described in the previous report (Suzuki, Miyao et al, 1975). In the present paper, the authors made clear the food habit of the Japanese martens (Martes melampus melampus) in the upper part of low mountainous zone (1,200-1,600m above the sea level) on the eastern slope of the Mt. Kiso-Komagatake. From late August 1975 to late February 1976, total 193 scat samples were collected in the area and their content were analyzed. As to the flora in the area, afforestation of Larix kaempferi is predominating, and secondary forests containing Quercus crispura, Betula platyphylla, Fagus crenata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Tsuga diversifolia are scattered here and there. The results of scat analysis are as follows; 1) Scats containing both animal and vegetable foods were predominant, indicating the omnivorous habit of the Japanese marten. Those exclusively containing animal foods increased in winter (January to February), thus suggesting their stronger tendency towards flesh-eating in the cold season. 2) Kinds of animals eaten by the Japanese marten covered seven classes, and among them insects and small mammals were mainly eaten. Mammals eaten with the highest predilection were Lepus brachyurus and murinae rodents, and especially the former may become the basal animal foods for the Japanese marten. Insectivora in scats were found more frequently in winter. A mass of hairs ofthe Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus crispus) was found in one scat. In insects, Coleoptera was frequently eaten but they entirely disappear in winter season. 3) As to the vegetable foods, buccas and drupes from plants of seven orders of class Dicotyledoneae were found and buccas from Actinidia arguta and A. holomikta of order Parietales were mainly eaten. Scats contained 85-99% of fruits collected from August to December, however, its percentage decreased and the frequency of the small mammals increased in winter season (January to February). Besides Parietales, buccas and drupes of Akebia quinata, Rubus, Vitis coignetiae, Viburunum furcatum, Diospyros kaki, Aralis cordata A. elata were also eaten. 4) The mean number of different order of foods found in one scat was 2.5 for the total period of investigation, 2.8 for August to September, 2.2 for October to December and 2.1 for January to February. In August to September, buccas of Actinidia arguta, A. holomikta and Akebia quinata were more frequently eaten in combination with Lepus brachyurus. In January to February, Lepus brachyurus was the major food. 5) It arouses great interest to know what difference may exist in the food selection among the Japanese marten, Martes melampus melampus, the Japanese red fox, Vulpes vulpes japonica and the Japanese weasel, Mustela itatsi itatsi, which live sympatrically in the same area. This problem will be studied in the near future.Article信州大学農学部紀要 13(1): 21-42(1976)departmental bulletin pape

木曾駒ヶ岳の哺乳動物に関する研究 第I報 木曾駒ヶ岳東斜面における小哺乳類の分布

The Kiso-Komagatake is one of the main mountains in Kiso Mountain Range, which rises nearly on the middle of Japan main land, that is, on the western side of the Ina Basin in Nagano Prefecture, forming the watershed between the Rivers Kiso and Tenryu. The highest summit is as high as 2,956m above the sea level. One can in a while attain the height of 2,500m above the sea level from the City Komagane (600m high) by means of bus and then ropeway and many tourists visit the mountain throughout the year. This, together with extensive amount of wood cutting, has contributed to the rapid deterioration of the nature. As for the botanical distribution of the mountain, Pinus pumila is predominant in the alpine zone, higher than 2,500m above the sea level, Abies mariesii and Tsuga diversifolia in the sub-alpine zone, 1,500-2,500m high, and Quercus crispula in the lower zone, lower than 1,500m. Cultivated lands and village can be found in the zone lower than 900m above the sea level. The natural flora is confined to the subalpine zone and the lower zone is mostly occupied by the secondary forest, mainly consisted of Larix kaempferi. To obtain the general distribution of small mammals on eastern slope of the Kiso-Komagatake, the authors have carried out the collection and survey since June 1974. The results are as follows : 1) The collection was made with snap traps at 6 places of different height, ranging 950-2,640m above the sea level on the eastern slope, and the following species were obtained : Insectivora Sorex shinto alt. 1,500-2,640m Crocidura dsinezumi alt. 1,200m Dymecodon pilirostris alt. 1,300-1,700m Urotrichus talpoides alt. below 1,300m Rodentia Glirulus japonicus alt, 1,700m and 1,300m Clethrionomys andersoni alt. 1,300-2,640m Eothenomys kageus alt. 1,200-1,500m Microtus montebelli alt, below 1,200m Apodemus speciosus alt. 950-1,500m Apodemus argenteus alt. 950-2,640m Rattus norvegicus alt. 2,640m around the ropeway station, hotel and restaurant in the alpine zone. The widest distribution was shown by A. argenteus, being found at any place in the altitude of 950-2,640m. The species which was distributed from the sub-alpine to alpine zone was S. shinto and C. andersoni. D. pilirostris was native to the forest of sub-alpine zone. C. andersoni and E. kageus are both forest dwellers, the former species is used to live in above 1,300m and the latter live in below it. The distribution border between D. pilirostris and U. talpoides was also at the altitude of about 1,300m. M. montebelli generally inhabits in cultured land, grassy plain and young forested land. In the Kiso-Komagatake, however, this species did not distribute in higher altitude than 1,300m even when the habitat was sufficient. This is probably because of very steep slope of the mountain side. R. norvegicus inhabited around the ropeway station, hotel and restaurant in the alpine zone, propagating themselves even in very severe cold conditions. The higher the altitude of the population of A. argenteus, the later the beginning of propagation in spring occured. 2) In the zone, ranging 1,300-1,500m above the sea level, small mammals were caught with snap traps in three Larix kaempferi-afforested lands of different age and the relation between forest age and species of small mammals was examined. A. speciosus was found in the sapling and the young forest but not in the grown forest, while a large amount of A. argenteus was found in the grown forest according to Apodemus Index. C. andersoni was not found in the sapling, while E. hageus was relatively large amounts in the sapling and the young forest, though absence in the grown forest. 3) In a few Larix kaempferi forest in the altitude of 1,300m, movements of A. speciosus and A. argenteus were followed up for 7 days by the use of alive traps. The distance of two traps which caught the same individual in two consecutive nights was measured with the following results :In case of A. speciosus, it was 11.3m (mean for 5 cases) in June and 21.0m (mean for 4 cases) in August. The mean for June and August was 15.6m for 9 cases. In case of A. argenteus, the mean distance in June was 15. 5m for 7 cases. From these figures, the diameter of the home range was calculated, with the result that the mean was 33.1m for A. speciosus and 27.8m for A. argenteus. There was little difference between them.Article信州大学農学部紀要 12(2): 61-91(1975)departmental bulletin pape