剖宫产术后感染相关因素的回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析剖宫产术后感染的相关因素。方法随机抽取行剖宫产的产妇病历347份,以术后感染为结局指标,应用Logistic单因素与多因素分析剖宫产术后感染的独立高危因素,以及不同给药方案(包括给药品种、给药时间、给药时机)对术后感染的影响。结果阴道试产、术中出血量大、产后出血量大以及盆腔粘连是术后感染的独立高危因素(P 24 h组、给药时机为断脐后组与术前组,其术后感染的差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论术中出血量大、阴道试产、盆腔粘连等高危因素以及预防性抗菌药物使用与剖宫产术后感染均相关

A study on bioremediation of eutrophication of mariculture waters by Gracilaria lemaneaformis

于2002年至2004年期间,在福建省东山岛的八尺门鱼类网箱养殖区、西埔湾对虾养殖区、乌礁湾鲍鱼养殖区等进行了龙须菜(G racilaria lem aneaf orm is)对动物海水养殖造成的富营养化的生物修复研究。结果表明,从围隔实验到小面积的海区实验到大面积的海区推广试点,龙须菜对富营养化的海水均有良好的修复效果。围隔实验中,龙须菜能使网箱养殖区缺氧的海水达到过饱和状态,对无机氮(IN)、无机磷(IP)的去除率达80%以上;实验海区,修复区的溶解氧(DO)浓度明显高于非修复区,IN、IP、叶绿素(Ch l-a)浓度低于非修复区;推广海区,鲍鱼养殖污水流经龙须菜养殖区后,IN、IP得到有效的吸收,DO浓度得到提高。因此,大面积养殖龙须菜对减轻养殖污水对海区的污染,防止水体富营养化,抑制赤潮的发生有积极作用。Eutrophication caused by mariculture has become a serious environmental problem in Chinese coastal waters.Since macroalgae can absorb nutrients and increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO),and can be ultimately removed from water by being harvested,macroalga-based bioremediation of eutrophication would be the best way to solve such environmental problems.The effects of Gracilaria lemaneaformis remediated eutrophication were studied.G.lemaneaformis,red seaweed,originated in Shandong Province,was cultivated on ropes in three typical mariculture areas at Dongshan island,Fujian province where mariculture is advanced.The mesocosm experiment was conducted in Bachimen fish-cage area;the bioremediation experiment——in a field about 3 hm~2 in Xipu bay where the shrimp-farm and urban sewage is discharged;and in the spread application experiment,about 400 hm~2 were tested in Wujiao bay where abalone sewage is discharged.Water quality parameters were monitored during all the experimental stages.According to different tide and depth of the sea,two floating-rafts,i.e.bamboo raft and string raft,were devised to cultivate G.lemaneaformis on ropes in sea.The results demonstrated that the effects of bioremediation of eutrophication of mariculture waters by G.lemaneaformis were obvious regardless to the place of experiment: in mesocosm one,in a small-scale's bioremediation or in large area's spread application.The results of mesocosm experiments showed that G.lemaneaformis increased DO from low concentration to supersaturation and increased DO saturation from about 60% to 200%;in meantime,it absorbed the inorganic nitrogen(IN) and inorganic phosphorus(IP) above 80% during 3～4 days.In bioremediation area in Xipu bay,the specific growth rate of G.lemaneaformis was 9% during the first month and 6% during the next half month.The DO concentration in bioremediation area was significantly higher than that in non-bioremediation area: the highest DO concentration in bioremediation area was 5.6 mg·L~(-1) higher than that in non-bioremediation area in the same monitoring transect,the highest DO saturation was 198.7%.Furthermore,it increased the DO concentration of downstream seawater.And the IN and IP concentrations in bioremediation area were lower than those in non-bioremediation area.Besides,the microaglae were restrained,the concentration of Chlorophyll-a in bioremediation area was lower than that in non-bioremediation area,whereas,the transparence was contrary.In spread application area,when the abalone cultural sewage went through G.lemaneaformis cultural areas,the nitrogen and phosphorus were effectively absorbed.Especially,the IP concentration of abalone cultural sewage discharging area was above 0.05mg·L~(-1),however,that in G.lemaneaformis cultural areas was below 0.015mg·L~(-1).The DO concentration was increased in G.lemaneaformis cultural areas,its saturation was above 120%,the highest one was 166%,but,in non-cultural areas,the DO saturation was about 100% normally.In conclusion,by large farming of G.lemaneaformis in animal maricultural areas,it is possible to alleviate the pollution of marine environment,prevent from eutrophication and control the red tide.At the same time,because G.lemaneaformis was the ideal food for abalone and material to produce agar,it could resolve the problems of the local abalone culture.Hence,large farming of G.lemaneaformis in the eutrophic mariculture areas could reduce environmental impact and increase economic output,and good environmental and economic advantages would be obtained.福建省重大科技资助项目(2002Y005)~

Linking Watershed Nutrient Loads and Riverine Export to Reservoir Eutrophication:The Case of Shanzai Reservoir, Fujian Province

建立流域氮磷输出、河流输送与入库通量的分析方法,以福建省山仔水库为例,基于gIS技术分析乡镇、子流域的氮磷污染分布和来源构成,识别关键源区并探讨库区水质与流域污染输出和河流输送之间的关联性。结果表明,2009年山仔流域单位面积总氮输出负荷为13.4 kg n·HM-2·A-1(生活污水和化肥流失占64%),总磷输出负荷为0.82 kg P·HM-2·A-1(畜禽养殖和生活污水占90%),入库氮、磷负荷分别为3248 T n·A-1和192 T P·A-1,其中河流输入占62%和89%,环库区面源污染贡献小于2%;不同乡镇单位面积氮输出负荷为3.54~20.0 kg n·HM-2,磷输出负荷为0.38~2.50 kg P·HM-2,其中日溪乡和霍口乡临近库区,化肥流失与畜禽养殖污染最重。上游乡镇污染较轻,但生活污水比重大(42%~84%)。皇帝洞溪子流域污染最重(19.4 kg n·HM-2;1.95 kg P·HM-2),其次是霍口溪中下游和日溪子流域。库区总氮高值出现在坝区和日溪湾汊,总磷高值在小沧至霍口溪七里入口之间,水质有明显分区,与流域污染分布、河流输送和库区沉积物的释放相关联,河流输入对库区富营养化起决定性作用。流域氮磷输出负荷比值平均为16,库区水中氮磷比值在15~20之间,意味着该生态系统处于磷的弱限制,水华爆发风险较大,建议采取“分区整治流域污染、氮磷联合削减、畜禽养殖和磷肥流失优先控制“的富营养化防控策略。A quantitative analysis of watershed nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)loads,riverine export and other inputs to reservoir was conducted for Shanzai reservoir in Fujian Province.Spatial variation of N and P pollution and major components were interpreted at town and sub-watershed scale using GIS techniques,and the critical source area(CSA)was indentified.The linkage between reservoir water quality and watershed nutrients loading and riverine export fluxes was examined.Results revealed that total N and P loads per unit area of the Shan zai watershed were 13.4 kg N·hm-2·a-1and 0.82 kg P·hm-2·a-1,respectively.Domestic sewage and fertilizer runoff accounted for 64% of total N load,and livestock waste and domestic sewage shared 90% of total P load.Total N and P loads to the Shanzai reservoir were 3248 t N·a-1 and 192 t P·a-1,62% and 89% of which were through riverine transport and the remainder mostly from sediment release.Less than 2% of in puts were from non-point sources in the surrounding area.Town-level N and P loads per unit area ranged from 3.54~20.0 kg N·hm-2and 0.38~2.50 kg P·hm-2,respectively.Two towns(Rixi and Huokou) adjacent to the reservoir were identified as CSA of fertilizer runoff and livestock waste,while human sewage dominated the nutrient load(42%~84% of total)in other towns in the upstream area.Huangdidong subwatershed was the most polluted catchment(19.4 kg N·hm-2;1.95 kg P·hm-2),followed by the lower reaches of Huokou River and Rixi subwatershed.The high value of total N concentration was observed near the dam head and Rixi inlet,whereas high total P concentration was found in channel from Huokuo inlet to Xiaocang.The spatial variation of the nutrients level in the reservoir was highly associated with watershed nutrient loads,riverine export and sediment-water exchange,indicating that riverine input is the decisive factor contributing to eutrophication of the reservoir.The average N∶P ratio of the nutrient load was calculated as 16 for the whole watershed,which combined with the TN∶ TP ratio of 15~20 observed in reservoir surface water suggested that the reservoir ecosystem was weakly limited by P and tended to stimulate algal bloom.To mitigate eutrophication,reduction of both N and P pollution should be considered in those CSAs,with a priority given to P pollution from livestock and phosphate fertilizer loss.公益类科研院所专项(2011R1004-2); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目)(2012121053

Solid-state ECL-HPLC determination of alcohols

使用水/油反相微乳法合成包埋联吡啶钌(ru(bPy)32+)的纳米硅球(ruSInPS),利用nAfIOn材料固定ruSInPS于玻碳电极上,构筑了ruSInPS/nAfIOn复合膜修饰传感电极,进行了醇类的电致化学发光-高效液相色谱(ECl-HPlC)分离检测.利用循环伏安等方法考察了ruSInPS/nAfIOn复合膜电极的电化学和ECl行为,结果表明包埋在硅球里的ru(bPy)32+较好地保持了原有的光学和电化学性质.研究了实验条件对其ECl的影响,通过HPlC条件的优化建立了利用ruSInPS/nAfIOn固态ECl进行醇类样品的分离检测方法,所提出方法对甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和丁醇的检测下限分别为6.7x10-5,8.2x10-5,3.9x10-4和4.2x10-4MOl/l.方法被初步应用于一些啤酒样品中醇的检测.Using the water-in-oil microemulsion method, monodispersed nanoparticles are synthesized and applied to immobilize Ru(bpy)32+ to produce Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs).Nafion was selected to compose RuSiNPs/Nafion composite film which was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode to generate a sensing electrode.An electrochemiluminescence-high performance liquid chromatography (ECL-HPLC) approach for alcohol determi- nation was developed using the modified electrode.Based on the cyclic voltammogram and ECL results of the RuS- iNPs/Nafion modified electrode, Ru(bpy)32+ doped in silica nanoparticles retain its original photo- and electrochemi- cal properties.After optimized the experimental conditions, the detection limit was found to be 6.7×10-5, 8.2×10-5, 3.9×10-4 and 4.2×10-4 mol/L for methanol, ethanol, propanol or butyl alcohol, respectively.The proposed ECL ap- proach was used to analyze the ethanol content in beer samples.国家自然科学基金(批准号:20775064)资

RAPD Analysis on 24 Longan Germplasm Resources

利用RAPD技术对原产福建20份、广东1份、四川3份,共24份龙眼种质资源进行分析.从100条引物中筛选出14条多态性引物,共扩增出122条谱带,多态性谱带共88条,多态性比例72.1%.对RAPD结果进行聚类分析,根据相似系数0.28的水平可将24份龙眼品种(系)分为3类.供试各品种多态性比例介于0.12和0.28之间,揭示福建本地品种的遗传多样性不太丰富.In this study,14 primers were selected from 100 random primers and could be successfully used for amplifying the DNA of 24 longan germplasm resources(among them 20 from Fujian,1 from Guangdong and 3 from Sichuang).122 bands were obtained,among them 88 bands show polymorphism,amounting to 72.1%.The DPS dendrogram of 24 resouuces were divided into 3 groups at the level of the similarity coefficient of 0.28.The polymorphic percentage of all 24 test resouces was from 0.12 to 0.28,the results indicated that these Fujian longan resouces were not with abundant genetic diversity.国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD07B01);; 国家科技基础条件平台项目(2005DKA21002-27);; 福建省财政专项(STIF-Y06)资

用CPLD实现DSP与背板VME总线之间的连接

介绍了采用CPLD实现DSP芯片TMS320C6713和背板VME总线之间高速数据传输的系统设计方法。设计中采用VHDL语言对CPLD进行编程。同时由于CPLD的现场可编程特性,增强了整个系统的灵活性

基于uCLinux和Jupiter的嵌入式通讯设备的设计

介绍基于韩国ADC公司的JUPITER32位EISC高效双以太网处理器,并辅以LXT971A为以太网物理层接口的低功耗、高速硬件电路的设计;并介绍了如何在嵌入式操作系统uCLinux上进行嵌入设备通信程序的编写,实现了嵌入式设备的网络化信息交流与控制。最后介绍了一个采用这些技术的一个实际应用

区域农业土地可持续利用的空间尺度效应分析——以京津冀地区为例

根据农业土地可持续利用的目标任务、利用方式及区域资源特征,构建了区域农业土地可持续利用系统的空间层次结构。在此基础上,以京津冀地区为例,通过建立不同利用方式、不同层次土地可持续利用系统评价指标体系,对京津冀地区农业土地利用层次系统进行了评价。利用评价结果,系统分析了土地可持续利用的空间尺度效应,相应提出了不同层次土地可持续利用的措施和途径

基于JUPITER的uClinux移植及其应用实例；uClinux Porting Based on JUPITER and example of Application

介绍了嵌入式处理器JUPITER,详细分析了uClinux嵌入式操作系统的特点。给出了基于JUPITER和uClinux的嵌入式网关。通过嵌入式网关实例详细说明了在JUPITER上的移植uClinux的方法,以及uClinux下应用程序的开发